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Politics of the European Union
Flag of Europe.svg
Member states (27)
  •  Austria
  •  Belgium
  •  Bulgaria
  •  Croatia
  •  Cyprus
  •  Czech Republic
  •  Denmark
  •  Estonia
  •  Finland
  •  France
  •  Germany
  •  Greece
  •  Hungary
  •  Ireland
  •  Italy
  •  Latvia
  •  Lithuania
  •  Luxembourg
  •  Malta
  •  Netherlands
  •  Poland
  •  Portugal
  •  Romania
  •  Slovakia
  •  Slovenia
  •  Spain
  •  Sweden

Candidate countries
  • Albania Albania
  • Moldova Moldova
  • Montenegro Montenegro
  • North Macedonia North Macedonia
  • Serbia Serbia
  • Turkey Turkey
  • Ukraine Ukraine

Applicant countries
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Georgia (country) Georgia

  • Special member state territories
  • France–Germany relations
  • EU 3
  • Withdrawal from the European Union

Treaties
  • Treaty of Paris (1951)
  • Treaty of Rome (1957)
  • Euratom Treaty (1957)
  • Merger Treaty (1965)
  • Single European Act (1986)
  • Maastricht Treaty (1992)
  • Treaty of Amsterdam (1997)
  • Treaty of Nice (2001)
  • Treaty of Lisbon (2007)
    • Article 7
    • Article 50

Opt-outs

Treaties of accession
1972, 1979, 1985, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2011

Treaties of succession
1984, 2020

Other treaties
  • Schengen Agreement (1985)
  • European Economic Area Agreement (1992)

Abandoned treaties and agreements
  • European Constitution (2004)
  • UK membership renegotiation (2015–2016)
Executive
European Council
  • President: Michel (ALDE)
    • Parties
    • List of meetings

European Commission
  • Von der Leyen Commission
  • President: Von der Leyen (EPP)
  • Vice Presidents
  • College of Commissioners
  • Civil Service
  • Secretary-General: Juhansone
Legislature
  • Legislative procedure

Council of the EU
Presidency
 France
(January–June 2022)

Configurations
  • GAC
  • FAC
  • ECOFIN
    • Eurogroup
  • AGRIFISH
  • EPSCO
  • COMPET
  • TTE
  • ENVI
  • JHA
  • EYC

  • Voting
  • Secretariat
    • Secretary-General: Jeppe Tranholm-Mikkelsen
    • Directorates-general
    • COREPER

European Parliament
(Members)
  • President: Metsola
  • Largest groups
    • EPP (Manfred Weber)
    • S&D (Iratxe García)
    • Member of the European Parliament
  • 9th session (2019–2024)
  • Bureau
    • Vice Presidents
    • Quaestor
  • Conference

National parliaments
Judiciary
Court of Justice of the EU
  • Court of Justice
    • Members
      • Advocates General
    • Rulings
  • General Court
Auditory
European Court of Auditors
  • Internal Audit Service of the Commission
  • Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
  • Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
  • Anti-Fraud Office
  • Public Prosecutor's Office
Euratom
Euratom members
  •  Austria
  •  Belgium
  •  Bulgaria
  •  Croatia
  •  Cyprus
  •  Czech Republic
  •  Denmark
  •  Estonia
  •  Finland
  •  France
  •  Germany
  •  Greece
  •  Hungary
  •  Ireland
  •  Italy
  •  Latvia
  •  Lithuania
  •  Luxembourg
  •  Malta
  •  Netherlands
  •  Poland
  •  Portugal
  •  Romania
  •  Slovakia
  •  Slovenia
  •  Spain
  •  Sweden

Associated states
  •  Switzerland
  •  United Kingdom

  • Nuclear power in the European Union
Euratom since 1 January 2021
Euro
Eurozone members
  • Austria Austria
  • Belgium Belgium
  • Cyprus Cyprus
  • Estonia Estonia
  • Finland Finland
  • France France
  • Germany Germany
  • Greece Greece
  • Republic of Ireland Ireland
  • Italy Italy
  • Latvia Latvia
  • Lithuania Lithuania
  • Luxembourg Luxembourg
  • Malta Malta
  • Netherlands Netherlands
  • Portugal Portugal
  • Slovakia Slovakia
  • Slovenia Slovenia
  • Spain Spain



Eurogroup
  • President
    • Mário Centeno



European Central Bank
  • President Lagarde
    • ESCB
    • EMU
    • European Banking union
    • CMU
    • Euro banknotes
    • Euro coins

  • Economic and Monetary Union

Eurozone since 2015
Schengen Area
  •  Austria
  •  Belgium
  •  Czech Republic
  •  Denmark
  •  Estonia
  •  Finland
  •  France
  •  Germany
  •  Greece
  •  Hungary
  •  Italy
  •  Latvia
  •  Lithuania
  •  Luxembourg
  •  Malta
  •  Netherlands
  •  Poland
  •  Portugal
  •  Slovakia
  •  Slovenia
  •  Spain
  •  Sweden

Non-EU members
  •  Iceland
  •  Liechtenstein
  •  Norway
  •  Switzerland

  • Prüm Convention
  • Schengen Information System
  • Visa Information System
  • Visa policy of the Schengen Area

Non-Schengen Area states
  •  Bulgaria
  •  Croatia
  •  Cyprus
  •  Ireland
  •  Romania
Schengen Area since 2015
European Economic Area
EEA members
  • Austria Austria
  • Belgium Belgium
  • Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • Cyprus Cyprus
  • Czech Republic Czech Republic
  • Denmark Denmark
  • Estonia Estonia
  • Finland Finland
  • France France
  • Germany Germany
  • Greece Greece
  • Hungary Hungary
  • Republic of Ireland Ireland
  • Italy Italy
  • Latvia Latvia
  • Lithuania Lithuania
  • Luxembourg Luxembourg
  • Malta Malta
  • Netherlands Netherlands
  • Poland Poland
  • Portugal Portugal
  • Romania Romania
  • Slovakia Slovakia
  • Slovenia Slovenia
  • Spain Spain
  • Sweden Sweden

Non-EU members
  •  Iceland
  •  Liechtenstein
  •  Norway

  • EEA Joint Committee
  • EEA National Identity cards
  • Microstates and the European Union
European Economic Area
Other bodies
  • Agencies
  • Investment Bank
  • CoR
  • EESC
  • Ombudsman
  • Space Council


Former European bodies
  • European Communities (1958–1993)
    • European Coal and Steel Community
    • European Economic Community
Elections
  • 1979, 1984, 1989, 1994
    1999, 2004, 2009, 2014
  • 2019 (last election)
  • European political parties
  • Constituencies

Elections in EU member states
  • Austria Austria
  • Belgium Belgium
  • Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • Croatia Croatia
  • Cyprus Cyprus
  • Czech Republic Czech Republic
  • Denmark Denmark
  • Estonia Estonia
  • Finland Finland
  • France France
  • Germany Germany
  • Greece Greece
  • Hungary Hungary
  • Republic of Ireland Ireland
  • Italy Italy
  • Latvia Latvia
  • Lithuania Lithuania
  • Luxembourg Luxembourg
  • Malta Malta
  • Netherlands Netherlands
  • Poland Poland
  • Portugal Portugal
  • Romania Romania
  • Slovakia Slovakia
  • Slovenia Slovenia
  • Spain Spain
  • Sweden Sweden

  • Referendums relating to the EU
Law
  • Acquis
    • Primacy (ECJ Case 6/64)
    • Subsidiarity
  • Regulation
  • Directive
  • Decision
  • Recommendation
  • Fundamental Rights
Policies and issues
  • Budget
  • Customs Union
    • Free Trade Agreements
  • European Single Market
    • Area of FS&J
  • Policies
    • Agricultural
    • Energy
    • Fisheries
    • Regional
  • Citizenship
    • Passports of the European Union
    • Identity
    • Pro-Europeanism
    • Euroscepticism
  • Integration
    • Supranationalism
    • Federalism
    • United States of Europe
    • Enhanced co-op
Other
Other currencies in use
  • Bulgaria Bulgarian lev
  • Croatia Croatian kuna
  • Czech Republic Czech koruna
  • Denmark Danish krone
  • Hungary Hungarian forint
  • Poland Polish złoty
  • Romania Romanian leu
  • Sweden Swedish krona

  • ERM II
  • Enlargement of the eurozone

Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Czechia
  • Denmark
  • Hungary
  • Poland
  • Sweden
  • Romania

  • Common Travel Area (Ireland)
  • Multi-speed Europe
Foreign relations
High Representative
  • Josep Borrell

  • Ext. Action Service
  • Foreign Policy
  • Defence Policy

Foreign relations of EU member states
  • Austria Austria
  • Belgium Belgium
  • Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • Croatia Croatia
  • Cyprus Cyprus
  • Czech Republic Czech Republic
  • Denmark Denmark
  • Estonia Estonia
  • Finland Finland
  • France France
  • Germany Germany
  • Greece Greece
  • Hungary Hungary
  • Republic of Ireland Ireland
  • Italy Italy
  • Latvia Latvia
  • Lithuania Lithuania
  • Luxembourg Luxembourg
  • Malta Malta
  • Netherlands Netherlands
  • Poland Poland
  • Portugal Portugal
  • Romania Romania
  • Slovakia Slovakia
  • Slovenia Slovenia
  • Spain Spain
  • Sweden Sweden

  • Turkey–European Union relations
  • Iceland–European Union relations
  • Norway–European Union relations
  • Switzerland–European Union relations
  • United States–European Union relations
  • China–European Union relations
  • United Kingdom–European Union relations (History)
    • Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
    • Brexit

  • Microstates and the European Union
  • European Union and the United Nations
  • European Union Association Agreement

  • G7
  • G20
flag European Union portal
  • Other countries
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See also

  • v
  • t
  • e
Politics of Europe templates
Sovereign states
  • Albania
  • Andorra
  • Armenia
  • Austria
  • Azerbaijan
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France
  • Georgia
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Kazakhstan
  • Latvia
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Montenegro
  • Netherlands
  • North Macedonia
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • San Marino
  • Serbia
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Turkey
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • Vatican City
States with limited
recognition
  • Abkhazia
  • Artsakh
  • Kosovo
  • Northern Cyprus
  • South Ossetia
  • Transnistria
Dependencies and
other entities
  • Åland
  • Faroe Islands
  • Gibraltar
  • Guernsey
  • Isle of Man
  • Jersey
  • Svalbard
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