In the 1860 United States census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 749,113, an increase of 88.4% from the 1850 Census when the population was 397,654. By 1870, Michigan's population had increased by another 58.1% to 1,184,059.

Cities

The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 3,000 based on 1860 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1850 and 1870 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.

1860 Rank	City	County	1850	1860	1870	Change 1860-1870
1	Detroit	Wayne	21,019	45,619	79,577	74.4%
2	Grand Rapids	Kent	2,686	8,085	16,507	104.2%
3	Adrian	Lenawee	--	6,213	8,438	35.8%
4	Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	2,507	6,070	9,181	51.3%
5	Ann Arbor	Washtenaw	--	5,097	7,363	44.5%
6	Jackson	Jackson	2,363	5,000	14,447	188.9%
7	Port Huron	St. Clair	--	4,371	5,973	36.7%
8	Ypsilanti	Washtenaw	--	3,955	5,471	38.3%
9	Monroe	Monroe	2,813	3,892	5,086	30.7%
10	Battle Creek	Calhoun	1,064	3,509	5,838	66.4%
11	Lansing	Ingham	1,299	3,074	5,241	70.5%

Counties

The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 20,000 based on 1860 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1850 and 1870 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.

1860 Rank	County	Largest city	1850 Pop.	1860 Pop.	1870 Pop.	Change 1860-1870
1	Wayne	Detroit	42,756	75,547	119,068	57.6%
2	Oakland	Pontiac	31,270	38,261	40,867	6.8%
3	Lenawee	Adrian	26,372	38,112	45,595	19.6%
4	Washtenaw	Ann Arbor	28,567	35,686	41,434	16.1%
5	Kent	Grand Rapids	12,016	30,716	50,403	64.1%
6	Calhoun	Battle Creek	19,162	29,564	36,569	23.7%
7	Jackson	Jackson	19,431	26,671	36,047	35.2%
8	St. Clair	Port Huron	10,420	26,604	36,661	37.8%
9	Hillsdale	Hillsdale	16,159	25,675	31,684	23.4%
10	Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	13,179	24,646	32,054	30.1%
11	Genesee	Flint	12,031	22,498	33,900	50.7%
12	Berrien	Niles	11,417	22,378	35,104	56.9%