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Positivism
Perspectives
  • Antihumanism
  • Empiricism
  • Rationalism
  • Scientism
Declinations
  • Legal positivism
  • Logical positivism / analytic philosophy
  • Positivist school
  • Postpositivism
  • Sociological positivism
  • Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)
  • Rankean historical positivism
  • Polish positivism
  • Russian Machism
Principal concepts
  • Consilience
  • Demarcation
  • Evidence
  • Induction
  • Justification
  • Pseudoscience
  • Critique of metaphysics
  • Unity of science
  • Verificationism
Antitheses
  • Antipositivism
  • Confirmation holism
  • Critical theory
  • Falsifiability
  • Geisteswissenschaft
  • Hermeneutics
  • Historicism
  • Historism
  • Human science
  • Humanities
  • Methodological dualism
  • Problem of induction
  • Reflectivism
Related paradigm shifts
in the history of science
  • Non-Euclidean geometry (1830s)
  • Uncertainty principle (1927)
Related topics
  • Behavioralism
    • Post-behavioralism
  • Critical rationalism
  • Criticism of science
  • Epistemology
    • anarchism
    • idealism
    • nihilism
    • pluralism
    • realism
  • Holism
  • Instrumentalism
  • Modernism
  • Naturalism in literature
  • Nomothetic–idiographic distinction
  • Objectivity in science
  • Operationalism
  • Phenomenalism
  • Philosophy of science
    • Deductive-nomological model
    • Ramsey sentence
    • Sense-data theory
  • Qualitative research
  • Relationship between religion and science
  • Sociology
  • Social science
    • Philosophy
  • Structural functionalism
  • Structuralism
  • Structuration theory
Positivist-related debate
Method
  • Methodenstreit (1890s)
  • Werturteilsstreit (1909–1959)
  • Positivismusstreit (1960s)
  • Fourth Great Debate in international relations (1980s)
  • Science wars (1990s)
Contributions
  • The Course in Positive Philosophy (1830)
  • A General View of Positivism (1848)
  • Critical History of Philosophy (1869)
  • Idealism and Positivism (1879–1884)
  • The Analysis of Sensations (1886)
  • The Logic of Modern Physics (1927)
  • Language, Truth, and Logic (1936)
  • The Two Cultures (1959)
  • The Universe in a Nutshell (2001)
Proponents
  • Richard Avenarius
  • A. J. Ayer
  • Alexander Bogdanov
  • Auguste Comte
  • Eugen Dühring
  • Émile Durkheim
  • Ernst Laas
  • Ernst Mach
  • Berlin Circle
  • Vienna Circle
Criticism
  • Materialism and Empirio-criticism (1909)
  • History and Class Consciousness (1923)
  • The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934)
  • The Poverty of Historicism (1936)
  • World Hypotheses (1942)
  • Two Dogmas of Empiricism (1951)
  • Truth and Method (1960)
  • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
  • Conjectures and Refutations (1963)
  • One-Dimensional Man (1964)
  • Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)
  • The Poverty of Theory (1978)
  • The Scientific Image (1980)
  • The Rhetoric of Economics (1986)
Critics
  • Theodor W. Adorno
  • Gaston Bachelard
  • Mario Bunge
  • Wilhelm Dilthey
  • Paul Feyerabend
  • Hans-Georg Gadamer
  • Thomas Kuhn
  • György Lukács
  • Karl Popper
  • Willard Van Orman Quine
  • Max Weber
Concepts in contention
  • Knowledge
  • Objectivity
  • Phronesis
  • Truth
  • Verstehen
Category
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