| object of concentration | development |
|---|---|
| four jhānas | pleasant abiding (sukha-vihārāya) in this life (diţţhadhamma) |
| perception (sañña) of light (āloka) | knowing (ñāṇa) and seeing (dassana) |
| arising, passing, fading of feelings (vedanā), perceptions (saññā) and thoughts (vitakkā) | mindfulness (sati) and clear comprehension (sampajaññā) |
| arising and fading of the five aggregates of clinging (pañc'upādāna-khandha) | extinction (khaya) of the taints (āsava) [Arahantship] |
Template:SamadhiBhavana (Samādhibhāvanā) is Pali for "concentration development" which can refer to either: (a) developments that arise from concentrative efforts; or, (b) the meditative development of concentration. In the Sinhala edition of the Pali Canon, Samādhibhāvanā is the name assigned to the AN IV.41 discourse in which the Buddha describes four developments that arise from four different types of concentration (samādhi) meditation (bhāvanā). This template's table summarizes these four developments and their associated meditative bases.
Usage[edit]
This template can be invoked as follows:
- ((SamadhiBhavana)) — transcludes the template as shown here.
Because of the size of this table, it is initially transcluded in the "collapsed" state. To reveal the table, click on "[show]".
About the translation[edit]
The translations of the Pali in this table are based primarily on Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), with some contemporary word choices borrowed from Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999) and Upalavanna (n.d.).
While most of the translations provided in this table are straightforward, the second type of concentration meditation (ālokasañña) and its development (ñāṇadassana) have been translated in various ways in available English-language sources due to the multiple meanings of root words. For instance, according to Rhys Davids & Stede, 1921-25, entry for "dassana," p. 317, "dassana" can mean "seeing, looking; noticing; sight of, appearance, look; ... perception, faculty of apperception, insight, view, theory" and the compound term, ñāṇadassana means "either 'knowing & seeing,' or perhaps 'the insight arising from knowledge,' perfect knowledge, realization of the truth, wisdom." Thus, to balance explanatory inferences with literal security while attempting to maintain congruence with existing popular English translations, the translation of "knowing and seeing" is used in this table.
Request for potential editors of this template[edit]
Please note that Wikipedia's policy on verifiability states:
- "The burden of evidence lies with the editor who adds or restores material. Material that is challenged or likely to be challenged needs a reliable source, which should be cited in the article."
In addition to providing a reliable source for any change, it would be sincerely appreciated if, before changes are made to this template, an editor would first discuss the planned change on this template's talk page.
Sources[edit]
- Nyanaponika Thera & Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans.) (1999). Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: An Anthology of Suttas from the Anguttara Nikaya, pp. 88-89. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 0-7425-0405-0.
- Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
- Sri Lanka Buddha Jayanti Tipitaka Series (n.d.). Samādhibhāvanāsuttaṃ (AN AN 4.1.5.1, in Pali). Retrieved 2007-06-08 from "MettaNet-Lanka" at: http://www.mettanet.org/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara2/4-catukkanipata/005-rohitassavaggo-p.html.
- Upalavanna, Sister (n.d.). Samādhibhāvanāsuttaṃ – Developments of concentration (AN AN 4.5.1). Retrieved 2007-06-08 from "MettaNet-Lanka" at: http://www.mettanet.org/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara2/4-catukkanipata/005-rohitassavaggo-e.html.
External links[edit]
- Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997). Samadhi Sutta: Concentration (AN 4.41). Retrieved on 2007-06-08 from "Access to Insight" at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.041.than.html.