Terminologia Anatomica (TA) is the international standard on human anatomic terminology. It was developed by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) and the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and was released in 1998.[1] It supersedes the previous standard, Nomina Anatomica.[2] Terminologia Anatomica contains terminology for about 7500 human gross (macroscopic) anatomical structures.[3] In April 2011, Terminologia Anatomica was published online[4] by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), the successor of FCAT.

Categories of anatomical structures

The TA divides anatomical structures into the following main categories (Latin standard in parentheses) :

A01: General anatomy (anatomia generalis)

  1. Parts of human body
  2. Planes, lines and regions

A02: Bones (ossa)

  1. Cranium
  2. Bones of cranium
  3. Vertebral column
  4. Bones of upper limb
  5. Bones of lower limb

A03: Joints (juncturae)

  1. Joints of skull
  2. Vertebral joints
  3. Thoracic joint
  4. Joints of pelvic girdle
  5. Joints of upper limb
  6. Joints of lower limb

A04: Muscles (musculi)

  1. Muscles of head
  2. Muscles of neck
  3. Muscles of back
  4. Muscles of thorax
  5. Muscles of abdomen
  6. Muscles of upper limb
  7. Muscles of lower limb
  8. Tendon sheaths and bursae

A05: Alimentary system (systema digestorium)

  1. Mouth
  2. Fauces
  3. Pharynx
  4. Oesophagus
  5. Stomach
  6. Small intestine
  7. Large intestine
  8. Liver, Gallbladder
  9. Pancreas

A06: Respiratory system (systema respiratorium)

  1. Nose
  2. Larynx
  3. Trachea
  4. Bronchi
  5. Lungs

A07: Thoracic cavity (cavitas thoracis)

Further information: Thoracic cavity

A08: Urinary system (systema urinarium)

  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Female urethra
  5. Male urethra

A09: Genital systems (systemata genitalia)

  1. Female internal genitalia
  2. Female external genitalia
  3. Male internal genitalia
  4. Male external genitalia
  5. Perineum

A10: Abdominopelvic cavity (cavitas abdominis et pelvis)

Source:[9]

A11: Endocrine glands (glandulae endocrinae)

  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Thyroid gland
  4. Parathyroid gland
  5. Suprarenal gland
  6. Pancreatic islets

A12: Cardiovascular system (systema cardiovasculare)

  1. Heart
  2. Arteries
  3. Veins
  4. Lymphatic trunks and ducts

A13: Lymphoid system (systema lymphoideum)

  1. Primary lymphoid organs
  2. Secondary lymphoid organs
  3. Regional lymph nodes

A14: Nervous system (systema nervosum)

  1. Central nervous system
    1. Meninges
    2. Spinal cord
    3. Brain
    4. Medulla oblongata
    5. Pons
    6. Mesencephalon
    7. Cerebellum
    8. Diencephalon
    9. Telencephalon
  2. Peripheral nervous system
    1. Cranial nerves
    2. Spinal nerves
  3. Autonomic nervous system

A15: Sense organs (organa sensuum)

  1. Olfactory organ (the nose and related structures)
    See also: Olfaction
  2. Eye and related structures (visual system)
    See also: Visual perception
  3. Ear (auditory system)
    See also: Hearing (sense)
  4. Gustatory organ (the tongue and related structures)
    See also: Taste

A16: The integument (integumentum commune)

  1. Subcutaneous tissue

See also

References

  1. ^ "Terminologia Anatomica" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary[dead link]
  2. ^ Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. 1998. ISBN 0-86577-808-6.
  3. ^ Engelbrecht, Rolf (2005). Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005 : the XIXth International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics - Google Book Preview. p. 666. ISBN 9781586035495. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  4. ^ published online
  5. ^ "TAa01". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  6. ^ "TAa02". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  7. ^ "TAa03". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  8. ^ "TAa04". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  9. ^ "TAa10". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  10. ^ "TAa12". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  11. ^ "TAa14". www.unifr.ch. Retrieved 20 October 2020.

External links

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