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((Short description|Commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve matters of jurisprudence))
((More citations needed|date=September 2020))
In [[law]], a '''test''' is a commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve matters of [[jurisprudence]].<ref name="Cane000">((cite book
| title     = Responsibility in Law and Morality
| first     = Peter
| last      = Cane
| publisher = Hart Publishing
| year      = 2002
| isbn        = 1-84113-321-3
))</ref> In the context of a [[trial]], a [[Hearing (law)|hearing]], [[Discovery (law)|discovery]], or other kinds of [[legal proceedings]], the resolution of certain [[Question of fact|questions of fact]] or [[question of law|law]] may hinge on the application of one or more legal tests.

Tests are often formulated from the logical analysis of a judicial decision or a court order where it appears that a [[finder of fact]] or the [[court]] made a particular decision after contemplating a well-defined set of circumstances. It is assumed that evaluating any given set of circumstances under a legal test will lead to an unambiguous and repeatable result. <!-- this needs to be clarified -->

== Kinds of legal tests ==
* [[Bright-line rule]]
* [[Balancing test]]

==International law==
*[[Berne three-step test]]
*[[Habitual residence| Habitual residence test]]
*[[Caroline test|''Caroline'' test]]

==Common law==
*[[Proximate cause|"But-for" test]]

==Canada==
*[[Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia|''Andrews'' test]]
*[[R v Cinous|Air of reality test]] (see also [https://archive.today/20130415102949/http://scc.lexum.org/en/2004/2004scc27/2004scc27.html R v Fontaine])
*[[Club Resorts Ltd v Van Breda|Assumed Jurisdiction test]]
*Central management and control test
*[[R v Collins|''Collins'' Test]]
*Community Standards of Tolerance test
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110518104300/http://scc.lexum.org/en/2010/2010scc22/2010scc22.html Conway Test]
*Degradation or Dehumanization Test
*[[R v Hall|Denial of Bail test]]
*[[R v Gladue|''Gladue'' Test]]
*[[R v Grant|''Grant'' Test]] (see also ''[[R v Suberu]]'')
*[[R v Kouri|Indecent conduct test]] (see also ''[[R v Kouri]]'')
*[[R v Van der Peet|Integral to Distinctive Culture test]]
*[[Interjurisdictional immunity]]
*Internal Necessities Test or Artistic Defense
*[[Meiorin case#Meiorin test|''Meiorin'' test]]
*[[Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration)|''Law'' test]]
*Multiple Access test
*[[General Motors of Canada Ltd v City National Leasing|Necessarily incidental doctrine]]
*[[Oakes test#Oakes test|Oakes test]]
*[[R v Heywood|Overbreadth test]]
*[[Patently unreasonable|Patent unreasonableness test]]
*[[Pith and substance|Pith and substance test]] (see also ''[[R v Morgentaler (1993)|R v Morgentaler]]'')
*Provincial Inability test
*Purpose and form test
*[[Real and substantial connection|Real and Substantial Connection test]]
*[[Doré v Barreau du Québec|Reasonableness Standard]]
*[https://archive.today/20130415085146/http://scc.lexum.org/en/2002/2002scc26/2002scc26.html Sheppard Test]
*[[R v Smithers|''Smithers'' test]]
*[[R v Sparrow|''Sparrow'' test]]
*[[Delgamuukw|Test for Aboriginal Title]]
*[[R v S (RD)|Test for bias]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120123034149/http://scc.lexum.org/en/2006/2006scc23/2006scc23.html Test for confusion]
*[[R v Grant|Test for detention]]
*[[R v Seaboyer|Test for exclusion of evidence]]
*[[R v Khelawon|Test for the inclusion of hearsay evidence]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120705031010/http://scc.lexum.org/en/2011/2011scc23/2011scc23.html Test for materiality]
*Test for material causation/contribution
*Test for new principle of fundamental justice
*[[Delgamuukw|Test for Infringement of Title]]
*[[Patent infringement in Canadian law#Inducement or contributory infringement|Test for inducement or contributory patent infringement]]
*[[Paramountcy (Canada)|Tests for paramountcy]] – [[Multiple Access Ltd v McCutcheon|Express contradiction test]] & [https://archive.today/20130415064324/http://scc.lexum.org/en/1990/1990scr1-121/1990scr1-121.html Frustrate the purpose test]
*Test for patent infringement
*[[Peace, order, and good government|Test for peace, order, and good government]] (see also ''[[R v Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd]]'')
*[[R v Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society|Void for Vagueness test]]
*[[Waterfield test|''Waterfield'' Test]]
*[[R v Gruenke|Wigmore Test]]

==European Convention on Human Rights==
*[[Necessary in a democratic society]]

==United Kingdom==
*[[Bolam Test|Bolam test]]
*[[Hicklin test]]
*[[Wednesbury unreasonableness| Wednesbury unreasonableness test]]

==United States==
*[[Aguilar-Spinelli test]]
*[[Calculus of negligence|Calculus of negligence test (Hand rule)]]
*[[Consumer expectations test]]
*[[Daubert standard]]
*[[Frye test]]
*[[Imminent lawless action]]
*[[Lemon test]]
*[[Miller test]]
*[[Mt. Healthy test]]
*[[Risk-utility test]]
*[[SLAPS test]] (an element of the Miller test)
*[[Reasonable expectation of privacy]]
*[[Clear and present danger]]
*[[Bad tendency (legal)|Bad tendency]]
*[[Shocks the conscience]] test
*Wambaugh's inversion test. [[Obiter dictum|see: Obiter dictum.]] 
*Sherbert test. see: [[Sherbert v. Verner]]
*[[McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting|McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework]]

==Notes and references==
((reflist))

[[Category:Legal tests| ]]
[[Category:Common law]]

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