Tetramethylsilane
Flat structural formula
Ball-and-stick model
Space-filling model
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Tetramethylsilane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations TMS
1696908
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.818 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 200-899-1
MeSH Tetramethylsilane
RTECS number
  • VV5705400
UNII
UN number 2749
  • InChI=1S/C4H12Si/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-4H3 checkY
    Key: CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • C[Si](C)(C)C
Properties
C4H12Si
Molar mass 88.225 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 0.648 g cm−3
Melting point −99 °C (−146 °F; 174 K)
Boiling point 26 to 28 °C (79 to 82 °F; 299 to 301 K)
Solubility organic solvents
Structure
Tetrahedral at carbon and silicon
0 D
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS05: CorrosiveGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H224, H302, H411
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P330, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
4
1
Flash point −28 – −27 °C
Related compounds
Related silanes
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tetramethylsilane (abbreviated as TMS) is the organosilicon compound with the formula Si(CH3)4. It is the simplest tetraorganosilane. Like all silanes, the TMS framework is tetrahedral. TMS is a building block in organometallic chemistry but also finds use in diverse niche applications.

Synthesis and reactions

TMS is a by-product of the production of methyl chlorosilanes, SiClx(CH3)4−x, via the direct process of reacting methyl chloride with silicon. The more useful products of this reaction are those for x = 1 (trimethylsilyl chloride), 2 (dimethyldichlorosilane), and 3 (methyltrichlorosilane).[1]

TMS undergoes deprotonation upon treatment with butyllithium to give (H3C)3SiCH2Li. The latter, trimethylsilylmethyl lithium, is a relatively common alkylating agent.

In chemical vapor deposition, TMS is the precursor to silicon dioxide or silicon carbide, depending on the deposition conditions. In the formation of silicon carbide, carbosilanes, such as 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrasilaadamantane, are observed as intermediates.[2]

Uses in NMR spectroscopy

Tetramethylsilane is the accepted internal standard for calibrating chemical shift for 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy in organic solvents (where TMS is soluble). In water, where it is not soluble, sodium salts of DSS, 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate, are used instead. Because of its high volatility, TMS can easily be evaporated, which is convenient for recovery of samples analyzed by NMR spectroscopy.[3]

Because all twelve hydrogen atoms in a tetramethylsilane molecule are equivalent, its 1H NMR spectrum consists of a singlet.[4] The chemical shift of this singlet is assigned as δ 0, and all other chemical shifts are determined relative to it. The majority of compounds studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy absorb downfield of the TMS signal, thus there is usually no interference between the standard and the sample. Similarly, all four carbon atoms in a tetramethylsilane molecule are equivalent.[4] In a fully decoupled 13C NMR spectrum, the carbon in the tetramethylsilane appears as a singlet, allowing for easy identification. The chemical shift of this singlet is also set to be δ 0 in the 13C spectrum, and all other chemical shifts are determined relative to it.

References

  1. ^ Elschenbroich, C. (2006). Organometallics. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2.
  2. ^ Fritz, Gerhard; Matern, Eberhard (1986). Carbosilanes. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70800-8. ISBN 978-3-642-70802-2.
  3. ^ Mohrig, Jerry R.; Noring Hammond, Christina; Schatz, Paul F. (January 2006). Techniques in Organic Chemistry (Google Books excerpt). Macmillan. pp. 273–274. ISBN 978-0-7167-6935-4.
  4. ^ a b "The Theory of NMR - Solvents for NMR Spectroscopy". Archived from the original on 2015-01-23. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
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