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((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
The '''Texas Regulars''' was a group based in [[Texas]] which was formed in 1944 to deny [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] a majority of the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] in the [[1944 United States presidential election|1944 presidential election]].

== Background ==
[[File:Lonnie-Smith-1944.jpg|thumb|Houston dentist [[Smith v. Allwright|Lonnie E. Smith]] casts his ballot in the 1944 Texas Democratic primary election (July 22, 1944).]]
By the 1940s, [[conservative Democrat]]s in Texas had become increasingly disenchanted with Roosevelt and his [[New Deal]].

They were also unhappy that the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]],  in ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]'' (1944), had disallowed the segregated [[primary election|primaries]] used by the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in Texas and some other states.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/wet02|title=TEXAS REGULARS|last=N.|first=GREEN, GEORGE|date=2010-06-15|website=tshaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28))</ref>

== History ==

=== Attempt at taking over the Texas Democratic Party ===
The Texas Regulars tried to gain control of the state nominating convention and select a slate of [[Electoral College (United States)|presidential electors]] who would not vote for Roosevelt. The group's supporters included US Representative [[Martin Dies Jr.]], former Texas governor [[Dan Moody]], and Senator [[W. Lee O'Daniel]].<ref name=":0" />

The Texas Regulars won the first convention, but lost the second convention.

=== Unpledged electors ===
This defeat led them to form their own ticket of [[unpledged electors]], not bound to any candidate.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19440926&id=ag1GAAAAIBAJ&pg=1256,1923426|title=Anti-F.D.R. Democrats Are Listed Texas Regulars|date=September 26, 1944|work=Lawrence Journal-World|access-date=December 28, 2017|agency=Associated Press|page=3))</ref> On election day, they finished third both in Texas and in the national popular vote, with 135,439 votes (0.3% of the vote nationally, and 11.8% of the vote in Texas). They won a majority in only [[Washington County, Texas]].<ref>[[1944 United States presidential election#Results]]</ref>

Roosevelt easily carried Texas with 71.4% of the statewide vote, and won national re-election with 432 of 531 electoral votes.

=== Platform ===
The Texas Regulars opposed the New Deal, trade unions, and government intervention and supported [[states' rights]] and [[white supremacy]], with a platform paraphrased as follows:<ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qDQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |title=The Texas Right: The Radical Roots of Lone Star Conservatism |last1=Cullen |first1=David O'Donald |last2=Wilkison |first2=Kyle G. |date=2014-01-22 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=9781623490287 |pages=82–83 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2yyDFhBoqvYC&pg=PA26 |title=Cowboy Conservatism: Texas and the Rise of the Modern Right |last=Cunningham |first=Sean |date=2010-07-02 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0813173719 |pages=25–26 |language=en))</ref>
# Restoration of the Democratic Party to the integrity which has been taken away by [[Sidney Hillman|Hillman]], [[Earl Browder|Browder]], and others.
# Protection of honest [[Labor unions in the United States|labor unions]] from foreign-born racketeers who have gained control by blackmail.
# Return of [[States' rights|state rights]] which have been destroyed by the Communist-controlled New Deal.
# Restoration of the [[freedom of education]].
# Restoration of the [[White supremacy|supremacy of the white race]], which has been destroyed by the Communist-controlled New Deal.
# Restoration of the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] instead of rule by regimentation.
# Restoration of government by laws instead of government by bureaus. 
# Restoration of the individual appeal for justice, instead of a politically appointed bureau.

==Aftermath==
The Texas Regulars disbanded soon afterward, but many of them went on to support the [[Dixiecrat]] movement of [[Strom Thurmond]] in the [[1948 United States presidential election|1948 presidential election]].<ref name=":0" />

They later became “[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] Democrats" (or supported unpledged electors in presidential elections) in the 1950s, before becoming [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] by the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

=== Links ===
* [[Conservative Democrat]]
* [[Unpledged elector]]

=== Sources ===
* ((Cite book|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304862.001.0001|title=Minnie Fisher Cunningham|last1=McArthur|first1=Judith N.|last2=Harold L.|first2=Smith|year=2005|chapter=At War With The Texas Regulars, 1944–1946|chapter-url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304862.003.0010|url-access=subscription))

==References==
((reflist))

((Historical right-wing third party presidential tickets (U.S.)))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Politics of Texas]]
[[Category:Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)]]
[[Category:Democratic Party (United States) presidential campaigns]]
[[Category:Anti-communism in the United States]]
[[Category:White supremacist groups in the United States]]
[[Category:1944 establishments in Texas]]

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