This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
et ambula[biti]s, 'and [you] shall walk' – OLL[7]OLW[7]
servabitis, et ambulabitis, '[you] shall serve, and [you] shall walk' – VgColunga&Turrado.[8]
The verb servāre is the root of the word service; the verb ambulāre is the root of the word ambulance.
Leviticus 18:5
אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥay bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) he shall live by them.' – WLC[2]
אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וחיה בָּהֶ֑ם, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥā-yāh bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) she shall live by them.' – SP[9]
Compare Exodus 1:16 (last verb). It is unclear whether the verb(s) used for "to live" is/are H2421 חָיָה chayah or H2421 חָיַי chayay.
ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing shall live by them;' – LXXSwete[3] LXXRahlfs[4]
ἃ ποιήσας αυτά άνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing them shall live by them;' – Brenton[5] ABP[6]
qui ea fecerit, 'who shall have done them' – OLW[7]
quae faciet homo, uiuet in eis:, 'which [a] man shall do, shall live by them.' – OLL[10]
quae faciens homo, vivet in eis., 'which [a] man doing, shall live by them.' – VgColunga&Turrado[8]
Confusionem mulieris patris tui non denudabis, confusionem patris tui et., '[The] confusion of your father's woman/wife you shall not denude: and is your father's confusion.' – OLL[13]
Turpitudinem uxoris patris tui non discooperies: turpitudo enim patris tui est., '[The] shame of your father's wife you shall not uncover: for it is your father's shame.' – VgColunga&Turrado[8]
Leviticus 18:9
עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֹֽותְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ אֹ֣ו בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ, ‘er-waṯ ’ă-ḥō-wṯ-ḵā ḇaṯ- ’ā-ḇî-ḵā ’ōw ḇaṯ- ’im-me-ḵā,, 'The nakedness of your sister (the) daughter of your father or (the) daughter of your mother' – WLC[2]
ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ ἐκ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or out of your mother' – LXXRahlfs[4] Brenton[14] ABP[6]
ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or (of) your mother' – LXXSwete[3]
Turpitudinem sororis tuae en matre tua et ex patre tuo, '[The] shame of your sister in your mother and out of your father' – OLW[15]
Confusionem sororis tuae uel ex patre uel ex matre, '[The] confusion of your sister either out of [your] father or out of [your] mother' – OLL[10][15]
Turpitudinem sororis tuae ex patre sive ex matre,, '[The] shame of your sister out of [your] father or out of [your] mother,' – VgColunga&Turrado[8]
Leviticus 18:9
η γεγεννημένης, 'or born' – LXXRahlfs[4] Brenton[14] ABP[6]
intus natae aut natae foris,, 'at home born or born outdoors,' – OLL[10]
quae domi vel foris genita est,, 'who is born at home or outdoors,' – VgColunga&Turrado[8]
Leviticus 18:9
quoniam tua confusione filiae uxoris patris tui non denudabis confusionem eius, 'because by/through your confusion of [the] daughter of your father's wife [you] shall not uncover his confusion' – OLL[15]
Turpitudinem filiae filii tui vel neptis ex filia non revelabis: quia turpitudo tua est., '[You] shall not reveal [the] shame of your son's daughter or daughter's daughter: for [it] is your shame.' – VgColunga&Turrado[8]
וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ, ū-miz-zar-‘ă-ḵā lō- ṯit-tên lam-mō-leḵ, 'And [you] shall not let any of your descendents pass through [the fire, i.e. to sacrifice] to Moloch' – WLC[2]
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματός σου οὐ δώσεις λατρεύειν ἄρχοντι, 'And of your sperm/semen/offspring/descendants [you] shall not give to serve [an] archon' – LXXSwete[3] LXXRahlfs[4] Brenton[14] ABP[6]
Et semini tuo non dabis seruire superposito,, 'And your seed you shall not give to serve placed on top,' – OLL[16]
De semine tuo non dabis ut consecretur idolo Moloch,, 'Of your semen/offspring [you] shall not give [any] to consecrate to [an] idol of Moloch,' – VgColunga&Turrado[8]
וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תֹּועֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃, wə-’eṯ-zā-ḵār, lō’ ṯīš-kaḇ mīš-kə-ḇē ’īš-šā; tō-‘ē-ḇā hī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife;[17] he/it is an abomination.' – WLC[18][2]
ࠅࠣࠀࠕ ࠆࠟࠊࠠࠓ ࠋࠞࠀ ࠕࠩࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁ ࠌࠡࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁࠩࠉ ࠀࠩࠔ࠙ࠢࠄ ࠕࠧࠅ࠙ࠜࠏࠁࠢࠄ ࠄࠩࠉࠀ, wa’t zā̊ː-kār lā̊ː’ tīš-kā̊b māːš-kå-bī ’īš-ša; tū-‘ē-bā’ ī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife;[17] she/it is an abomination.' – SP[18]
καὶ μετὰ ἄρσενος οὐ κοιμηθήσῃ κοίτην γυναικός· βδέλυγμα γάρ ἐστιν., 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife; because it is a detestable thing.' LXXSwete[3]
και μετά άρσενος ου κοιμηθήση κοίτην γυναικείαν βδέλυγμα γαρ εστι, 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a female (marriage-)bed, because it is a detestable thing.' ABP[6]
Et cum masculo non dormibis cubile muliebrae: exsecratio enim est., 'And with [a] male you shall not sleep in [the/a] bed of [a] woman: for [it] is [a] curse.' – OLL[16]
The word muliebrae is an incorrect declension of muliebris; genitive singular (muliebris, "of a woman", "of womanly") was likely the intended form, compare fēminīnae ("of a woman(ly)", "of feminine").
Cum mare ne concumbas eo concubitu quo cum foemina solet: abominada res est., 'With [a] man [you] should not share the bed as is custom in [the] manner of sleeping as with [a] woman: [it] is [an] abominable thing.' – Robert Estienne (1545)[19]
Cum masculo non commiscearis coitu femineo, quia abominatio est., 'With [a] male [you] shall not intermingle according to [the] feminine intercourse, because it is [an] abomination.' – VgClement[20] VgColunga&Turrado[8]
וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תֹּועֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מֹ֥ות יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū šə-nê-hem; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife,[17] [they] have both done a detestable thing; [they] will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – WLC[21][22]
ואיש אשר ישכב את־זכר משכבי אשה תועבה עשו מות יומתו שניהם דמיהם בם׃, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū šə-nê-hem də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife,[17] [they] have done a detestable thing; both will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – SP [21]
καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be put to death, they are liable/guilty.' – LXXSwete[23]
καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And whoever shall lie with a male as with a woman/wife, they have both wrought abomination; let them die the death, they are guilty.[24]' – Brenton[24]
και ος αν κοιμηθή μετά άρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα εποίησαν αμφότεροι θανάτω θανατούσθωσαν ένοχοί εισιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be killed to death, or [they] have done a detestable thing; let both be killed to death, they are liable/guilty.' – ABP[25]
Qui dormierit cum masculo coitu femineo, uterque operatus est nefas: morte moriantur: sit sanguis eorum super eos., 'Whoever sleeps with a male according to the feminine intercourse, both have done a wrong: let them die the death: may their blood be upon them.' – VgClement[26] VgColunga&Turrado[27]
^Colunga & Turrado, ed. (1946). "Leviticus 20 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022. Qui dormierit cum masculo coitu femineo, uterque operatus est nefas: morte moriantur: sit sanguis eorum super eos.
Wells, Bruce (2020). "On the Beds of a Woman: The Leviticus Texts on Same-Sex Relations Reconsidered". Sexuality and Law in the Torah. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 123–158. ISBN9780567681607. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
: Old Latin / Vetus Latina (list)
