Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) has included study of its textual variants.

Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources.^[1] These include the Greek Septuagint (LXX), the Syriac language Peshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases, and often differ from it.^[2] These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today.^[3] However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.^[4]

Legend

Frequently used sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew Bible manuscripts and editions include:^[5]

List

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

Book of Genesis

Genesis 1

Genesis 1:1, see also In the beginning (phrase)

בראשית‎, bə-rê-šîṯ, 'In [the] beginning' – MT 4QGen^b (4QGen^g) SP^[6]

ברשית֯‎, bršîṯ – 4QGen^h[6]

ἐν ἀρχῇ, 'In [the] beginning' – LXX^[6] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[8]

In principio, 'In [the] beginning' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

Genesis 1:1, see also Elohim and Names of God in Judaism § Elohim

אֱלֹהִ֑ים‎, 'ĕ-lō-hîm ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGen^b) 4QGen^g SP.^[6] Grammatically speaking, the word elohim is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as Elohim, meaning "God".

ο θεός, 'the god' – ABP^[8]

Deus, 'God' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

Genesis 1:1, see also Heaven in Judaism

הַשָּׁמַיִם‎, haš-šā-ma-yim, 'the heavens' – MT 4QGen^g SP^[6]

τὸν οὐρανὸν, 'the heaven' – LXX^[6] ABP^[8]

caelum, '(the) heaven' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

Genesis 1:2, see also Tohu wa-bohu

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ‎, wə·hā·'ā·reṣ hā·yə·ṯāh ṯō·hū wā·ḇō·hū, 'and the earth was formless and void,' – MT (4QGen^b) SP^[10][11]

ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος, 'but the earth was unseen and unready' – LXX^[10] ABP^[8]

Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, 'But the earth was lifeless and empty' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

Genesis 1:7

ויבדל‎, way·yaḇ·dêl, 'and [he] divided' – MT (4QGen^b) 4QGen^g SP Damascus Pent. Codex^[12]

καὶ διεχώρισεν ὁ θεὸς, 'and the god parted' – LXX^[12] ABP^[8]

divisitque, 'and [he] divided' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

Genesis 1:7

וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן‎, way·hî-ḵên., 'and it was so.' – MT 4QGen^b 4QGen^g SP Damascus Pent. Codex^[12]

Et factum est ita., 'And so it was done.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

omitted – LXX^[12] ABP^[8]

Genesis 1:9

מָקֹ֣ום‎, mā·qō·wm, 'place' – MT 4QGen^b Damascus Pent. Codex SP.^[13] The Yiddish word Mokum ("city") is derived from Makom.

מקוה‎, mikvé, 'ritual bath' – 4QGen.^h[13] A mikveh is a ritual bath in modern Judaism.

συναγωγην, 'gathering' – LXX^[13] ABP.^[8] The English word "synagogue" is derived from συναγωγή.

locum, 'place' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]} The English word "location" is derived from locus.

Genesis 1:9

και συνηχθη το νδωρ το υποκατω του ουρανου εις τας συναγωγας αυτών και ωφθη η ζηρα, 'And the water underneath the heaven gathered together into their gatherings, and the dry [land] appeared.' – LXX^[13] ABP.^[8] Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.^[13]

omitted – 4QGen^bg MT SP Damascus Pent. Codex^[13] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[9]}

Genesis 2

Genesis 2:4, see also toledot

אֵ֣לֶּה תֹולְדֹ֧ות‎, 'êl-leh ṯō-wl-ḏō-wṯ, 'These [are] the generations' – MT^[14][15]

תולדת‎, '[This is] the outcome' – SP Kennicott^{6 18 75 80 89 108 155 227 244 282[15]}

Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως, 'This is the book of the origin' – LXX^Swete[16] ABP^[17]

Istae sunt generationes, 'Those are (the) generations' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:4

עֲשֹׂ֛ות יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, 'ă-śō-wṯ Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, '[that] Yahweh the god made' – MT SP^[15][14]

εποίησε ο θεός, '[that] the god made' – LXX^[15] ABP^[17]

ἐποίησεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς, '[that] Lord the god made' – LXX^Swete[16]

quo fecit Dominus Deus, 'which (the) Lord God made' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:4

אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם‎, 'e-reṣ wə-šā-mā-yim., '[the] earth and [the] heavens' – MT^[15]

שמימ וארץ‎, '[the] heavens and [the] earth' – SP^[15]

τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν, 'the heaven and the earth' – LXX^[15] LXX^Swete[16] ABP^[17]

caelum et terram, '(the) heaven and (the) earth' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:5

יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP^[19][14]

ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX^[19] LXX^Swete[16]

κύριος ο θεός, 'lord the god' – ABP^[17]

Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:7, see also Soul in the Bible § Genesis 2:7

וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־ הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה‎, way-yî-ṣer Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm 'eṯ-hā-'ā-ḏām, 'ā-p̄ār min-hā-'ă-ḏā-māh,, 'And [the] god Yahweh formed [a/the] man [from] the dust of the ground/earth' – MT SP.^[20][14]

There is a word play between אָדָם‎, ā-ḏām ("man", "human", later usually simply translated as the personal name "Adam") and אֲדָמָה‎, 'ă-ḏā-māh, 'ground, earth'.^[20]

καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς·, 'And the god shaped the dust man from the earth' – LXX^Swete[16]

καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, 'And the god shaped the man taking dust from the earth' – ABP^[17]

Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae, 'Therefore, (the) Lord God formed the human/man with the earth's mud/clay' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:8

יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP^[21][14]

ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – ABP^[17]

κύριος ο θεός, 'lord the god' – LXX^[21]

Κύριος ὁ θεὸς, 'Lord the god' – LXX^Swete[16]

Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:8, see also Garden of Eden

גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם‎, gan- bə-‘ê-ḏen miq-qe-ḏem;, 'a garden in Eden in the east'

παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς, 'paradise in Edem according to the east' – LXX^Swete[16]

παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεν κατὰ ἀνατολάς, 'paradise in Eden according to the east' – ABP^[17]

paradisum voluptatis a principio, 'paradise of pleasure from the beginning' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:9

יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP^[22][14]

ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX^[22] LXX^Swete[16] ABP^[17]

Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:9

omitted – MT^[22]

את‎, et, 'with' – SP^[22]

Genesis 2:13

אֶ֥רֶץ כּֽוּשׁ׃‎, 'e·reṣ kūš., '[the] land of Cush. or [the] black land.' – MT^[14]

τὴν γῆν Αἰθιοπίας., 'the land of Ethiopia.' – LXX^Swete[16] ABP^[17]

terram AEthiopiae., 'the land of Ethiopia.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

See also Cush (Bible), Rivers of Paradise, and Gihon.

Genesis 2:16, see also Adam

עַל־הָֽאָדָ֖ם‎, ‘al-hā-’ā-ḏām, '(to) the man' – WLC^[14]

τῷ Ἀδὰμ, 'to Adam' – LXX^Swete[16] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[17]

ei, 'to him' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Compare Genesis 2:18

Genesis 2:17, see also tree of the knowledge of good and evil

אֲכָלְךָ֥‎, ’ă-ḵā-lə-ḵā, 'that you eat [qal infinitive singular]' – WLC^[14]

φάγησθε, '[you] should eat [active plural]' – LXX^Swete[16]

φάγητε, '[you] should eat [middle plural]' – ABP^[17]

comederis, '[you] shall/should eat [future active indicative/subjunctive singular)' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:18, see also Adam

הָֽאָדָ֖ם‎, hā-’ā-ḏām, 'the man' – WLC^[14]

τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'the man' – LXX^Swete[16] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[17]

hominem, '[the] man' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Compare Genesis 2:16

Genesis 2:18, see also Eve

אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־‎, ’e-‘ĕ-śeh-, 'I will make' – WLC^[14]

ποιήσωμεν, 'let [us] make' – LXX^Swete[16] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[17]

faciamus, 'let [us] make' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:23, see also Eve

לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה‎, lə-zōṯ yiq-qā-rê ’iš-šāh, 'this [one] shall be called woman' – WLC^[14]

αὕτη κληθήσεται γυνή, 'she shall be called woman' – LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[17]

αὕτη κληθήσεται Γυνή, 'she shall be called Woman' – LXX^Swete[16]

haec vocabitur Virago, 'she will be called [a warlike] Woman' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:23, see also Eve

αὐτῆς ἐλήμφθη αὕτη, 'she was taken her' – LXX^Swete[16] LXX^Rahlfs[7] (Koine Greek spelling)

αυτής ελήφθη, 'she was taken' – ABP^[17] (classical Greek spelling)

Genesis 2:24, see also Eve

אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶת־אִמֹּ֑ו‎, ’eṯ-’ā-ḇîw wə-’eṯ- ’im-mōw, 'his father and mother' – WLC^[14]

τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, 'his father and his mother' – LXX^Swete[16] LXX^Rahlfs[7]

τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα, 'his father and mother' – ABP^[17]

patrem suum, et matrem,, 'his father, and mother,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

Genesis 2:25

scilicet, 'of course' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[18]}

omitted – WLC^[14] LXX^Swete[16] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[17]

Genesis 3

Genesis 3:20, see also Eve

וַיִּקְרָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם שֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתֹּ֖ו חַוָּ֑ה‎, way-yiq-rā hā-’ā-ḏām šêm ’iš-tōw ḥaw-wāh, 'And the man called the name of his wife Hawwah' – WLC^[23]

Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς Ζωή, 'And Adam called the name of the woman Zoë' – LXX^Swete[24]

Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αυτού Ζωή, 'And Adam called the name of his wife Zoë' – LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[25]

Et vocavit Adam nomen uxoris suae, Heva:, 'And Adam called [the] name of his wife, Heva:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[26]}

Compare Genesis 4:1

Genesis 4

Genesis 4:1, see also Eve, and Cain and Abel

וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתֹּ֑ו‎, wə-hā-’ā-ḏām yā-ḏa‘ ’eṯ- ḥaw-wāh ’iš-tōw, 'And the man knew Hawwah his wife' – WLC^[27]

Ἀδὰμ δὲ ἔγνω Εὕαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, 'And Adam knew Heva his wife' – LXX^Swete[28]

Αδαμ δὲ ἔγνω Ευαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, 'And Adam knew Eva his wife' – LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

Adam vero cognovit uxorem suam Hevam,, 'Adam truly knew his wife Heva,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Compare Genesis 3:20

Genesis 4:1

יְהוָֽה׃‎, Yah-weh., 'Yahweh.' – WLC^[27]

τοῦ θεοῦ., 'the god.' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

Deum., '(the) God.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:9

יְהוָֽ׃‎, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC^[27]

ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7]

κύριος ὁ θεὸς, 'the lord god' – ABP^[29]

Dominus, '(the) Lord' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:10

ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7]

κύριος, '(the) lord' – ABP^[29]

omitted – WLC^[27] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:12, see also Curse and mark of Cain

נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד‎, nā‘ wā·nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC^[27]

στένων καὶ τρέμων, 'moaning and trembling' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Compare Genesis 4:14

Genesis 4:13, see also Curse and mark of Cain

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּדֹ֥ול עֲוֹנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃‎, way-yō-mer qa-yin ’el- Yah-weh; gā-ḏō-wl ‘ă-wō-nî min-nə-śō., 'And Cain said to Yahweh: Great is my punishment to bear.' – WLC^[27]

καὶ εἶπεν Κάιν πρὸς τὸν κύριον Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με., 'And Cain said to (the) lord: My fault is (too) great to forgive me.' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear., 'And Cain said to (the) Lord: My iniquity is greater than that [I] deserve pardon.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:14, see also Curse and mark of Cain

נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד‎, nā‘ wā-nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC^[27]

στένων καὶ τρέμων, 'moaning and trembling' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Compare Genesis 4:12

Genesis 4:15

יְהוָ֗ה‎, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC^[27]

κύριος ὁ θεός, 'the lord god' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

Dominus, '(the) Lord' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:15, see also Curse and mark of Cain

שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם‎, šiḇ-‘ā-ṯa-yim yuq-qām, 'sevenfold vengeance shall be taken [on him] or suffer sevenfold vengeance' – WLC^[27]

ἑπτὰ ἐκδικούμενα παραλύσει, 'will be disabled/paralysed seven [times] [by] punishing/avenging' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

The English verb "to paralyse" derives from the Greek verb παραλύω ("to loosen from the side, relax, enfeeble, weaken, disable, paralyse").

septuplum punietur, 'shall be punished sevenfold' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:16

יְהוָ֗ה‎, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC^[27]

τοῦ θεοῦ, 'of the god' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

Domini, 'of (the) Lord' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:16, see also Land of Nod

בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נֹ֖וד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃‎, bə-’e-reṣ- nō-wḏ qiḏ-maṯ- ‘ê-ḏen., 'in [the] land (of) Nod east of Eden or [in] front [of] Eden.' – WLC^[27]

H6925 קִדְמָה‎ qidmah can mean both "east" and "over against" or "in front of".^[31]

ἐν γῇ Ναὶδ κατέναντι Ἔδεμ., 'in [the] land (of) Naìd over against Edem.' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7]

εν γη Ναϊδ κατέναντι Εδέν, 'in [land] (of) Naïd over against Eden.' – ABP^[29]

in terra ad orientalem plagam Eden., 'in (the) land to the eastern region (of) Eden.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 4:18, see also Enoch (son of Cain), and Generations of Adam

חֲנֹוךְ֙ עִירָ֔ד מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל לָֽמֶךְ׃‎, ḥă-nō-wḵ...‘î-rāḏ...mə-ḥū-yā-’êl...mə-ṯū-šā-’êl...lā-meḵ., 'Hanowk...Irad...Mehuyael...Methushael...Lamek.' – WLC^[27]

Ἑνὼχ Γαιδάδ...Μαιήλ...Μαθουσαλά...Λάμεχ, 'Henoch Gaidad...Maiel...Mathousala...Lamech' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

Henoch...Irad...Maviael...Mathusael...Lamech – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Compare Genesis 5:6–26

Genesis 4:20

וּמִקְנֶֽה׃‎, ū-miq-neh., 'and [raise] livestock.' – WLC^[27]

κτηνοτρόφων, 'grazing cattle' – LXX^Swete[28] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[29]

atque pastorum., 'and of (the) shepherds.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[30]}

Genesis 5

Genesis 5:1, see also Generations of Adam and Toledot

זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תֹּולְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם‎, zeh sê-p̄er tō-wl-ḏōṯ ’ā-ḏām, 'This [is] the book of the generations/genealogy (of) man or Adam' – WLC^[32]

Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως ἀνθρώπων., 'This [is] the book of [the] origin/birth of men or humans' – LXX^Swete[33] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[34]

Hic est liber generationis Adam., 'This is [the] book of [the] generation/offspring (of) Adam.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[35]}

Genesis 5:2

בְּרֹ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אָדָ֔ם‎, bə-rō ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ā-ḏām, '(the) god(s) created (the) man or Adam' – WLC^[32]

ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Ἀδάμ,, 'the god made Adam,' – LXX^Swete[33] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[34]

creavit Deus hominem,, 'God made (the) man or human (being)' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[35]}

Genesis 5:6–26, see also Generations of Adam

אֱנֽוֹשׁ...קֵינָֽן...מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽל...יָֽרֶד...חֲנֽוֹךְ...מְתוּשָֽׁלַח...לָֽמֶךְ‎, ’ĕ-nō-wōš...qê-nān...ma-hă-lal-’êl...yā-reḏ...ḥă-nō-wḵ...mə-ṯū-šā-laḥ...lā-meḵ, 'Enowosh...Qenan...Mahalalel...Yared...Hanowk...Methushalah...Lamek' – WLC^[32]

Ενώς...Καϊναν...Μαλελεήλ...Ιάρεδ...Ενώχ/Ἑνώχ...Μαθουσάλα...Λάμεχ, 'Enós...Kaïnan...Malaleél...Iáred...Enoch/Henoch...Mathousála...Lámech' – LXX^Swete[33] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[34]

Enos...Cainan...Malaleel...Jared...Henoch...Mathusalam...Lamech – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[35]}

Compare Genesis 4:18

Genesis 6

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative

וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם‎, way-yin-nā-ḥem Yah-weh kî- ‘ā-śāh ’eṯ- hā-’ā-ḏām, 'and Yahweh regretted that [he] had made (the) man' – WLC^[36]

καὶ ἐνεθυμήθη ὁ θεὸς ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'and the god reflected upon / pondered that [he] made the man' – LXX^Swete[37] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[38]

poenituit eum quod hominum fecisset, 'he regretted which/because/that/what [he] had made of men/humans' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[39]}

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative

וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבֹּֽו׃‎, way-yiṯ-‘aṣ-ṣêḇ ’el- lib-bōw., 'and [he] was grieved in his heart.' – WLC^[36]

καὶ διενοήθη., 'and [he] considered it.' – LXX^Swete[37] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[38]

Et tactus dolore cordis intrinsecus,, 'And touched by [the] inner pain of [the] heart' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[39]}

Genesis 6:7, see also Genesis flood narrative

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶמְחֶ֨ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם‎, way-yō-mer Yah-weh ’em-ḥeh ’eṯ- hā-’ā-ḏām, 'and/so Yahweh said: I will destroy (the) man' – WLC^[36]

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός Ἀπαλείψω τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'And the god said: I will wipe off the man' – LXX^Swete[37] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[38]

Delebo, inquit, hominem,, '[I] will destroy, [he] said, [the] man,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[39]}

Genesis 6:14, see also Noah's Ark

עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר‎, ‘ă-śêh lə-ḵā tê-ḇaṯ ‘ă-ṣê- ḡō-p̄er,, 'Make for yourself [a] box/basket of gopher wood' – WLC^[36]

ποίησον οὖν σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων τετραγώνων·, 'Then make for yourself [a] wooden box out of four-cornered wood!' – LXX^Swete[37] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[38]

Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis;, 'Make for yourself [a] chest/box of polished wood;' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[39]}

In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 גֹ֔פֶר‎ gopher is a hapax legomenon.

Genesis 9

Genesis 9:20, see also Curse of Ham

אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה‎, ’îš hā-’ă-ḏā-māh, '[a] man of the land/ground/earth/soil' – WLC^[40]

ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς, '[a] farmer-man of [the] land/earth/soil or [a] tilling/working/fertilising man of [the] land/earth/soil' – LXX^Swete[41] LXX^Rahlfs[7] ABP^[42]

vir agricola exercere terram, '[a] farmer-man to work at [the] land/earth/soil or [a] man working as [a] farmer on [the] land/earth/soil' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[43]}

Genesis 15

Genesis 15:17

וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ‎, wa-‘ă-lā-ṭāh hā-yāh; wə-hin-nêh ṯan-nūr 'ā-šān wə-lap-pîḏ 'êš,, 'and it became dark, behold a firepot/oven smoking and a torch burning' – WLC^[44]

φλὸξ ἐγένετο· καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίβανος καπνιζόμενος καὶ λαμπάδες πυρός,, 'a flame came/happened. And behold, an oven smoking and torches/lamps of fire' LXX^Swete[45] Brenton^[46] ABP^[47]

facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis, 'a dark fog happened, and a smoking furnace appeared, and lamps of fire' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[48]}

Genesis 34

Genesis 34:2

חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י‎, ḥă-mō-wr ha-ḥiw-wî, 'Hamor the Hivite' – WLC^[49]

Ἐμμὼρ ὁ Χορραῖος, 'Emmor the Hurrian' – A^[50] LXX^Swete[51]

Εμμώρ ο Ευαίος, 'Emmor the Evite' – Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

Hemor Hevaei, 'Hemor of the Hevea' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:2, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis

וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃‎, way-yiq-qaḥ ’ō-ṯāh way-yiš-kaḇ ’ō-ṯāh way-‘an-ne-hā., 'and he took her, and he laid her, and he raped her.^[54]' – WLC^[49]

καὶ λαβὼν αὐτὴν ἐκοιμήθη μετ᾽ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν., 'and taking her, [he] slept with her, and humiliated/humbled her.' LXX^Swete[51] Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem., '[he] fell in love with her: and [he] abducted [her], and slept with her, attacking/subduing/oppressing [the] virgin by force.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:3, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis

וַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשֹׁ֔ו בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃‎, wat-tiḏ-baq nap̄-šōw bə-ḏî-nāh baṯ- ya-‘ă-qōḇ; way-ye-’ĕ-haḇ ’eṯ- han-na-‘ă-rā, way-ḏab-bêr ‘al- lêḇ han-na-‘ă-rā., 'And he stayed with/kept Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he lusted after the young woman, and he tried to quiet the young woman.^[54]' – WLC^[49]

καὶ προσέσχεν τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ, καὶ ἠγάπησεν τὴν παρθένον, καὶ ἐλάλησεν κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ, 'and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.' LXX^Swete[51]

καὶ προσέσχε τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας/Δίνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ καὶ ἠγάπησε τὴν παρθένον καὶ ἐλάλησε κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ, 'and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.' Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis., 'And his soul was glued to her, and [he] soothed [the] sad one with blandishments.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:3 (twice)

הנער‎, han-na-‘ar, 'the young man' [H5288] – MT^[55]

הנערה‎, han-na-‘ă-rā,, 'the young woman' [H5291] – SP^[55]

παρθένον/παρθένου, 'young woman or virgin' – LXX^Swete[51] Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:3

על‎, ‘al-, 'to' [H5921] – MT^[55]

אל‎, el, 'towards' [H413] – SP^[55]

κατὰ, 'against/down/according to' – LXX^Swete[51] Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:7, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃‎, wə-ḵên lō yê-‘ā-śeh., 'and such [a thing] should not be done' – WLC^[49]

καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται., 'And [it] shall not be thus.' LXX^Swete[51] Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

rem illicitam perpetrasset., '[he] had perpetrated/committed [an] illicit/unlawful act.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:9, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃‎, tiq-ḥū lā-ḵem., 'take to/for yourselves.' – WLC^[49]

λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν., 'take for your sons.' – LXX^Swete[51] Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

accipite,, 'accept,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:11

אֶתֵּֽן׃‎, ’et-tên., 'I will give.' – WLC^[49]

ἡμῖν δώσομεν., 'we will give.' – LXX^Swete[51]

δώσομεν., '[we] will give.' – Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

dabo, '[I] will give' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:14

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם‎, way-yō-mə-rū ’ă-lê-hem,, 'And they said to them' – WLC^[49]

καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας υἱοὶ δὲ Λείας, 'And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah sons of Leah said to them' – LXX^Swete[51]

καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας/Δίνας, 'And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah said to them' – Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 34:14, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֣ו עָרְלָ֑ה‎, lə-’îš ’ă-šer- lōw ‘ā-rə-lāh;, 'to an uncircumcised man' – WLC^[49]

ἀνθρώπῳ ὃς ἔχει ἀκροβυστίαν·, 'to a man who has [a] foreskin' – LXX^Swete[51] Brenton^[50] ABP^[52]

homini incircumciso, 'to an uncircumcised man' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[53]}

Genesis 49

Genesis 49:4

כִּ֥י עָלִ֖יתָ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ‎, kî 'ā-lî-ṯā miš-kə-ḇê 'ā-ḇî-ḵā;, 'because you went up on the beds of [your] father'^[56]) – WLC^[57]

ἀνέβης γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν κοίτην τοῦ πατρός σου·, 'because you went up on the (marriage-)bed of your father;' – LXX^Swete[58]

ανέβης γαρ επί την κοίτην του πατρός σου, 'because you went up on the (marriage-)bed of your father' – ABP^[59]

quia ascendisti cubile patris tui – Vg^Clement[60] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[61]}

Compare Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13.^[56] See also Bilhah and Reuben (son of Jacob).

Book of Exodus

Exodus 1

Exodus 1:11

פִּתֹ֖ם‎, pi-ṯōm, 'Pithom' – MT^[62]

Πιθώμ, Pithom – LXX^[62] ABP^[63]

Pithon – OL^Sb[62] Vg^[62]

Phythonam – OL^L[62]

Exodus 1:15

שִׁפְרָ֔ה‎, šip̄-rāh, 'Shiphrah' – MT^[62]

Σεπφώρα, Sepphóra – LXX^[62] ABP^[63]

Sepphora – OL^L[62]

Sephra – Vg^[62]

Exodus 3

Exodus 3:14

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה‎, way-yō-mer ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’el-mō-šeh, ’eh-yeh ’ă-šer ’eh-yeh;, '[And] the god/God said to Moses: "I am that/who I am",' – WLC^[64]

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν·, 'and the god said to Moses, saying: "I am the being / the [one] who is/exists."' – LXX^Swete[65]

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Ὤν·, 'And God spoke to Moses, saying, I am THE BEING^[66]' – Brenton^[66]

και είπεν ο θεός προς Μωυσήν εγώ ειμι ο ων, 'And God said to Moses, I am the one being.^[67]' – ABP^[67]

Dixit Deus ad Moysen: Ego sum qui sum., 'God said to Moses: I am who I am.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[68]}

See also I Am that I Am, Burning bush, and Yahweh § Name.

Exodus 6

Exodus 6:14

פַלּוּא֙‎, p̄al-lū, 'Pallu' – MT^[69]

Φαλλους, Phallous – LXX^[69]

Φαλλού, Phallou – ABP^[70]

Fallus – OL^L[69]

Phallu – Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:15

אֹ֙הַד֙‎, ’ō-haḏ, 'Ohad' – MT^[69]

Ωαδ, Oad – LXX^[69]

Ιωαδ, Ioad – B^[69]

Αωδ, Aod – ABP^[70]

Aod – OL^L[69] Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:15

צֹ֔חַר‎, ṣō-ḥar, 'Zohar' – MT^[62]

Σααρ, Saar – LXX^[62] ABP^[70]

Saar – OL^L[62]

Soer – Vg^[62]

Exodus 6:21

נֶ֖פֶג‎, ne-p̄eḡ, 'Nepheg' – MT^[69]

Ναφεγ, Napheg – LXX^[69]

Ναφεχ, Naphech – B^[69]

Ναφεκ, Naphek – ABP^[70]

Naphaec – OL^L[69]

Nepheg – Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:22

אֶלְצָפָ֖ן‎, ’el-ṣā-p̄ān, 'Elzaphan' – MT^[69]

Ελισαφαν, Elisaphan – LXX^[69] ABP^[70]

Elisapham – OL^L[69]

Elsaphan – Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:22

סִתְרִֽי‎, siṯ-rî, 'Zithri' – MT^[69]

Σετρι, Setri – LXX^[69]

Ζεχρι, Zechri – ABP^[70]

Zetri – OL^L[69]

Sethri – Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:23

אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע‎, ’ĕ-lî-še-ḇa‘, 'Elisheba' – MT^[69]

Ελισάβεθ, Elisabeth – LXX^[69] ABP^[70]

Elisabet – OL^L[69]

Elisabe – Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:24

אֲבִיאָסָ֑ף‎, ’ă-ḇî-’ā-sāp̄, 'Abiasaph' – MT^[69]

Αβιασαφ, Abiasaph – LXX^[69]

Αβιασαρ, Abiasar – A^[69] B^[69] ABP^[70]

Abisar – OL^L[69]

Abiasab – Vg^[69]

Exodus 6:25

פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙‎, pū-ṭî-’êl, 'Putiel' – MT^[69]

Φουτιήλ, Phoutiel – LXX^[69] ABP^[70]

Phutiel – OL^L[69]

Phutihel – Vg^[69]

Exodus 13

Exodus 13:20

אֵתָ֔ם‎, ’ê-ṯām, 'Etham' – MT^[69]

Οθομ, Othom – LXX^[69]

Othon – OL^M[69]

Etham – Vg^[69]

Exodus 14

Exodus 14:2

פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת‎, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT^[69]

τῆς ἐπαύλεως, tes epaúleos, 'of the farm/estate/property' – LXX^[69] ABP^[71]

Epauleum – OL^M[69]

Phiahiroth – Vg^[69]

Exodus 14:9

פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת‎, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT^[69]

τῆς ἐπαύλεως, tes epaúleos, 'of the farm/estate/property' – LXX^[69] ABP^[71]

Epauleum – OL^M[69]

Ahiroth – Vg^[69]

Exodus 17

Exodus 17:1, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים‎, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT^[62]

Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX^[62]

Ραφιδείν, Raphideín – ABP^[72]

Rapidin – OL^M[62]

Raphidin – OL^Sb[62]

Raphidim – Vg^[62]

Exodus 17:8, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים‎, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT^[62]

Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX^[62]

Ραφιδίν, Raphidín – ABP^[72]

Rapidin – OL^M[62]

Raphidin – OL^Sb[62]

Raphidim – Vg^[62]

Exodus 19

Exodus 19:2, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים‎, rə-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT^[62]

Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX^[62]

Ραφιδείμ, Raphideím – ABP^[73]

Rapidin – OL^M[62]

Raphidin – OL^Sb[62]

Raphidim – Vg^[62]

Exodus 19:16

וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים‎, way-hî qō-lōṯ ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – WLC^[74][75]

ויהי קולות וברקים‎, way-hi q-v-l-v-t ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – SP^[75]

καὶ ἐγίνοντο φωναὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – LXX^Swete[76] Brenton^[77]

και εγένοντο φωναί και άστραπαι, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – ABP^[73]

et ecce coeperunt audiri tonitrua, ac micare fulgura, 'and behold, thunders began to be heard, and lightnings to flash' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[78]}

Compare Exodus 20:18.^[75]

Exodus 20

Exodus 20:1

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס‎, way-ḏab-bêr ’ĕ-lō-hîm, ’êṯ kāl-had-də-ḇā-rîm hā-’êl-leh lê-mōr., 'And [the] god/God spoke all these words, saying,' – WLC (1QExod 4QPaleoExod^m) SP^[79][80]

Καὶ ἐλάλησεν Κύριος πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους λέγων, 'And the Lord spoke all these words, saying,' – LXX^[79] LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

Dominus, '[the] Lord' – Vg^[79] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:5.

Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God

אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ‎, ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā,, 'I [am] Yahweh your god' – WLC^[80]

Ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, 'I am Lord the god of yours' – LXX^Swete[81]

ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, 'I am Lord the God of yours' – Brenton^[83]

εγώ ειμι κύριος ο θεός σου, 'I am lord the god of yours' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] ABP^[84]

Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus,, 'I am (the) Lord your God,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.

Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God

δουλίας, 'of slavery' – LXX^Swete[81] (Pontic Greek spelling)

δουλείας, 'of slavery' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84] (Attic and Koine Greek spelling)

Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.

Exodus 20:3, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ‎, lō yih-yeh-lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al-pā-nā-ya,, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC^[80]

אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים‎ ’ă-ḥê-rîm is from H312 אחר (achér), which can mean "another", "other", "different", "further", "subsequent", "following", "next", "after".^[86]

עַל־‎ al- is from H5921 על (al), which can mean "over", "against", "above", "beside(s)" (or "along(side)"), "about/concerning", "according", or many other less frequent meanings,^[87] and features in the name El Al ("Upwards").

Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ., 'There shall not be to you other gods besides/except me' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

ἕτεροι heteroi is from ἕτερος, which can mean "other", "another", "different", "second", "after",^[88] and the origin of the English word hetero-.

Non habebis deos alienos coram me., '[You] shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods before me / in my presence.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

alienos is from aliēnus (compare alius and alter), and the origin of the English word alien.

Compare Deuteronomy 5:7 (Hebrew witnesses identical, Greek and Latin witnesses different).

Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א‎, kî ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā ’êl qan-nā, 'because I Yahweh your god [am a] jealous god' – MT^[89] WLC^[80] SP^[89]

קנוא‎, qanno, 'jealous' – Pap^Nash (H7072 instead of H7067 קַנָּא‎ qanna in MT SP)^[89]

ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, θεὸς ζηλωτής,, 'because I am [the] Lord your god, [a] zealot-god,' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

The words ζῆλος and ζηλωτής are the roots of many words including zeal, zealot, zealotry, zealous, jealous and jealousy.

ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zelotes,, 'I am (the) Lord your strong God, [a] zelot,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.

Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים‎, ‘al- šil-lê-šîm wə-‘al- rib-bê-‘îm, 'to/on thirds and fourths' – WLC^[80]

ἕως τρίτης καὶ τετάρτης γενεᾶς, 'until of [the] third and fourth generation' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83]

επί τρίτην και τετάρτην γενεάν, '(up)on/(un)to/against [the] third and fourth generation' – ABP^[84]

in tertiam et quartam generationem, 'into/to(wards)/against/until [the] third and fourth generation' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.

Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

λήψη, 'shall take' – ABP^[84] Brenton^[83] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] (Koine Greek spelling)

Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.

Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה‎, lō yə-naq-qeh Yah-weh, 'Yahweh will not acquit / leave unpunished / hold guiltless' – WLC^[80]

μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος, '[the] Lord shall not cleanse' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82]

μὴ καθαρίσει Κύριος, '[the] Lord shall not cleanse' – ABP^[84]

μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, '[the] Lord your God shall not cleanse' – Brenton^[83]

nec...habebit insontem Dominus eum, 'and [the] Lord will not hold/consider him innocent' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.

Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ‎, ū-ḇə-hem-te-ḵā,, 'your cattle,' – WLC^[80]

ὁ βοῦς σου, καὶ τὸ ὑποζύγιόν σου, καὶ πᾶν κτῆνός σου, 'your ox/cow, and your beast of burden/donkey/mule, and all your beasts of burden/cattle,' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

jumentum tuum,, 'your beast of burden,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ ׃‎, wə-ḡê-rə-ḵā ’ă-šer biš-‘ā-re-ḵā,, 'your stranger/sojourner who [is] within your gates' – WLC^[80]

καὶ ὁ προσήλυτος ὁ παροικῶν ἐν σοί., 'and the proselyte/convert the [one] sojourning among you.' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

et advena qui est intra portas tuas., 'and [the] stranger/foreigner/guest/newcomer who is within your gates.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

אֶת־הַיָּם֙‎, ’eṯ- hay-yām, 'the sea' – WLC^[80]

καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, 'and the sea' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

et mare,, 'and [the] sea,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

omitted – LXX^Swete[81]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).

Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יֹ֥ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת‎, ‘al- kên, bê-raḵ Yah-weh ’eṯ- yō-wm haš-šab-bāṯ, 'Therefore, Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day' – WLC^[80].

The noun H7676 שַׁבָּת‎ shabbath "Sabbath" (Greek: G4521 σάββατον) is derived from, but independent of, the adjective H7637 שְׁבִיעִי‎ šə-ḇî-‘î "seventh" (Greek: G1442 ἕβδομος/ἕβδομη, see hebdo-) earlier in this verse. See Biblical Sabbath § Etymology.

διὰ τοῦτο εὐλόγησεν Κύριος τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἑβδόμην, 'Because of this, [the] Lord blessed the seventh day' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

idcirco benedixit Dominus diei sabbati,, 'therefore [the] Lord blessed [the] day of Sabbath,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).

Exodus 20:12, see also Honour thy father and thy mother

ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good [things] should happen to you' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

omitted – WLC^[80] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:16 (where this phrase is identical in Greek witnesses, and not omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, albeit phrased slightly differently from Greek).

Exodus 20:13–15, see also Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery and Thou shalt not steal

לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס לֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ ס לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס‎, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s lō tnə-’āp̄. s lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – MT^[90] WLC^[80] SP^[90]

לוא תנאף׃ ס לוא תרצח׃ ס לוא תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס‎, wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, 'And [you] shall not commit adultery. And [you] shall not murder. And [you] shall not steal.' – Pap^Nash[90]

Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις. Οὐ φονεύσεις., '[You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal. [You] shall not murder.' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83]

Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – ABP^[84]

The verb κλέπτω ("to steal") is at the root of modern English words such as kleptomania and kleptocracy.

Non occides. Non moechaberis. Non furtum facies., '[You] shall not kill/slay. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not commit theft.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Deuteronomy 5:17–19.

Exodus 20:16, see also Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour

לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס‎, lō-ṯa-‘ă-neh ḇə-rê-‘ă-ḵā šā-qer., 'You shall not answer/respond false/lying witness/evidence against your neighbour' – WLC^[80]

Οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου μαρτυρίαν ψευδῆ., 'You shall not witness falsely against your neighbour [as a] lying witness' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium., '[You] do/shall not speak/declare false testimony against your neighbour.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet

לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ‎, lō ṯaḥ-mōḏ bêṯ rê-‘e-ḵā; lō-ṯaḥ-mōḏ ’ê-šeṯ rê-‘e-ḵā,, 'You shall not covet the house of your neighbour. You shall not covet the wife of your neighbour' – WLC^[80]

Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου οὔτε τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83]

Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου ουδέ τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – ABP^[84]

Non concupisces domum proximi tui, nec desiderabis uxorem ejus,, '[You] shall not covet [the] house of your neighbour, nor shall [you] desire his wife,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

concupīscō is derived from (con)cupiō ("I desire"), the origin of the English verb "to covet" and the name of the Roman god Cupid.

Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet

ούτε παντός κτήνους αυτού, 'nor any of his cattle/beasts [of burden]' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

omitted – WLC^[80] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:18

וְכָל־‎, wə-ḵāl, 'And all' – WLC^[80]

Καὶ πᾶς, 'And all' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83]

πας, 'All' – ABP^[84]

Cunctus autem, 'But/and all' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:18

הַקֹּולֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם‎, haq-qō-w-lōṯ ’eṯ-hal-lap-pî-ḏim,, 'the voices/sounds/noises/thunders and the torches' – WLC^[80]

την φωνήν και τας λαμπάδας, 'the voice/sound and the torches/lamps/lanterns' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]. φωνή and λᾰμπᾰ́ς are the origins of the English words phone and lamp respectively.

voces et lampades, '(the) voices and (the) torches/lamps/lanterns' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}. vōx is the root of the English word voice.

Compare Exodus 19:16^[75]

Exodus 20:19

פֶּן־‎, pen-, 'lest/or' – WLC^[80]

μὴ, 'not' – LXX^Swete[81] Brenton^[83]

μήποτε, 'lest/otherwise' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] ABP^[84]

ne forte, 'lest' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:20

Μωσῆς, 'Moses' – LXX^Swete[81]

Μωυσῆς, 'Moses' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83] ABP^[84]

Exodus 20:21

ἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXX^Swete[81]

εἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[83]

εἱστήκει δὲ πας ὁ λαὸς, 'And all the people stood' – ABP^[84]

Exodus 20:23

תעשון‎, ṯa-‘ă-śūn, '[you] have made or [you] shall make' – MT^[91] WLC^[80]

תעשו‎, ta-asú, '[you] have made' – SP^[91]

Exodus 20:23

אִתִּ֑י...לָכֶֽם׃‎, ’it-tî...lā-ḵem., 'against me... for yourselves.' – WLC^[80]

ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς...ὑμῖν ἑαυτοῖς, 'to you to/for yourselves...to you to/for each other' – LXX^Swete[81]

ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς...ὑμῖν αυτοῖς, 'to you to/for yourselves...to you to/for yourselves' – Brenton^[92]

εαυτοίς...υμίν αυτοίς, 'for each other...to you to/for yourselves' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] ABP^[84]

[omitted]....vobis, 'to/for you' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Exodus 20:26

אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְךָ֖‎, ’ă-šer lō- ṯig-gā-leh ‘er-wā-ṯə-ḵā, 'so (that) your nakedness may not be uncovered' – WLC^[80]

ὅπως ἂν μὴ ἀποκαλύψῃς τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην σου, 'so that [you] should/will not uncover/reveal your nakedness/indecency/shame' – LXX^Swete[81] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[93] ABP^[84]

ἀποκαλύψῃς is likely a misspelling of the verb ἀποκαλύψεις. The noun αποκάλυψη is the root of words such as apocalypse, apocalyptic and apocalypticism.

ne reveletur turpitudo tua., 'lest your unsightliness/indecency/shame should be revealed.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[85]}

Compare Leviticus 18.

Exodus 21

Exodus 21:17 (LXX 21:16)

וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמֹּ֖ו מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס‎, ū-mə-qal-lêl ’ā-ḇîw wə-’im-mōw mō-wṯ yū-māṯ. s, 'And he who curses his father or his mother surely shall be put to death.' – MT

Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ τελευτήσει θανάτῳ., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother must end in death.' – LXX^Swete Brenton^[93]

Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother in death let him end.' – ABP

Qui maledixerit patri suo, vel matri, morte moriatur., 'Who[ever] speaks evil of his father, or mother, let [him] die by death.' – Vg^Clement[94] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[95]}

Compare New Testament quotation:

Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of father or mother in death let him end.' – Mark 7:10

Exodus 32

Exodus 34

Exodus 34:11

אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהַחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃‎, ’eṯ- hā-’ĕ-mō-rî wə-hak-kə-na-‘ă-nî, wə-ha-ḥit-tî wə-hap-pə-riz-zî, wə-ha-ḥiw-wî wə-hay-ḇū-sî., 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.' – WLC^[96]

τὸν Ἀμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Εὑαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ἰεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Perizzite and Hittite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXX^Swete[97]

τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Hittite and Perizzite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[98]

τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ τὸν Χαναναῖον καὶ τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ τὸν Φερεζαῖον καὶ τὸν Ευαῖον καὶ τὸν Γεργεσαῖον καὶ τὸν Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Gergesite and the Jebusite;' – ABP^[99]

Amorrhaeum, et Chananaeum, et Hethaeum, Pherezaeum quoque, et Hevaeum, et Jebusaeum., '[the] Amorite, and (the) Canaanite, and (the) Hittite, (the) Perizzite too, and (the) Hivite, and (the) Jebusite.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[100]}

Exodus 34:14, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְאֵ֣ל אַחֵ֑ר כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמֹ֔ו אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃‎, 'For you shall not worship any other god, for Yahweh, whose name [is] Jealous, is a jealous god.' – WLC^[96]

οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις· ὁ γὰρ Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For [you] should not revere other gods: for Lord the god [has?] [a] zealot-name, [the] god is [a] zealot. or for the Lord God, a jealous name, is a jealous God.^[98]' – LXX^Swete[97] Brenton^[98]

οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεῷ ἑτέρῳ· ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For [you] should not revere another god: for lord the god [has?] [a] zealot-name, [the] god is [a] zealot or for lord the god [has] [the] name "zealot", the god is [a] zealot.' – LXX^Rahlfs[82] ABP^[99]

noli adorare deum alienum. Dominus zelotes nomen ejus; Deus est aemulator., 'Do not adore alien/foreign/strange gods. Lord zealot [is] his name; God is (an) emulator/rival.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[100]}

Compare Exodus 20:3 and Deuteronomy 5:7,9.

Exodus 34:17, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

אֱלֹהֵ֥י מַסֵּכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃‎, ’ĕ-lō-hê mas-sê-ḵāh lō ṯa-‘ă-śeh- lāḵ., '[You] shall not make molten gods to/for you(rself).' – WLC^[96]

καὶ θεοὺς χωνευτοὺς οὐ ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ., 'And you shall not make molten gods to/for yourself.' – LXX^Swete[97] LXX^Rahlfs[82] Brenton^[98] ABP^[99]

Deos conflatiles non facies tibi., 'You shall not make cast/molten gods to/for you.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[100]}

Compare Exodus 20:5 and Deuteronomy 5:8.

Book of Leviticus

Leviticus 18

Leviticus 18:4

תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ לָלֶ֣כֶת‎, tiš-mə-rū lā-le-ḵeṯ, '[you] shall keep to walk' – WLC^[101]

φυλάξεσθε πορεύεσθαι, '[you] shall keep [you] shall walk' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103]

φυλάξεσθε, καὶ πορεύεσθαι, '[you] shall keep, and [you] shall walk' – Brenton^[104] ABP^[105]

et ambula[biti]s, 'and [you] shall walk' – OL^L[106] OL^W[106]

servabitis, et ambulabitis, '[you] shall serve, and [you] shall walk' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}.^[107]

The verb servāre is the root of the word service; the verb ambulāre is the root of the word ambulance.

Leviticus 18:5

אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם‎, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥay bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) he shall live by them.' – WLC^[101]

אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וחיה בָּהֶ֑ם‎, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥā-yāh bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) she shall live by them.' – SP^[108]

Compare Exodus 1:16 (last verb). It is unclear whether the verb(s) used for "to live" is/are H2421 חָיָה‎ chayah or H2421 חָיַי‎ chayay.

ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing shall live by them;' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103]

ἃ ποιήσας αυτά άνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing them shall live by them;' – Brenton^[104] ABP^[105]

qui ea fecerit, 'who shall have done them' – OL^W[106]

quae faciet homo, uiuet in eis:, 'which [a] man shall do, shall live by them.' – OL^L[109]

quae faciens homo, vivet in eis., 'which [a] man doing, shall live by them.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:5

אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ ס‎, ’ă-nî Yah-weh. s, 'I [am] Yahweh.' – WLC^[101]

ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν., 'I [am] (the) lord your god.' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] ABP^[105]

ἐγὼ Κύριος., 'I [am] (the) Lord.' – Brenton^[104]

Ego Dominus., 'I [am] (the) Lord.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:7

matris suae, 'of his/her mother:' – OL^L[109] OL^W[106]

matris tuae, 'of your mother:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:7

אִמְּךָ֣ הִ֔וא‎, ’im-mə-ḵā hî, 'he [is] your mother' – MT^[110] WLC^[101]

אִמְּךָ֣ היא‎, ’im-mə-ḵā hi, 'she [is] your mother' – SP^[110]

μήτηρ γάρ σού ἐστιν(,), 'for/because she is your mother(,)' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[104] ABP^[105]

confusione enim., 'truly in confusion.' – OL^L[109][106]

mater tua est:, 'your mother is: or [she] is your mother:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:7

καὶ οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς., 'and you shall not uncover the nakedness of her.' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[111]

την ασχημοσύνην αυτής ουκ αποκαλύψεις, 'the nakedness of her you shall not uncover' – ABP^[105]

omitted – OL^L[109]

Leviticus 18:8

Confusionem mulieris patris tui non denudabis, confusionem patris tui et., '[The] confusion of your father's woman/wife you shall not denude: and is your father's confusion.' – OL^L[112]

Turpitudinem uxoris patris tui non discooperies: turpitudo enim patris tui est., '[The] shame of your father's wife you shall not uncover: for it is your father's shame.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:9

עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֹֽותְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ אֹ֣ו בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ‎, ‘er-waṯ ’ă-ḥō-wṯ-ḵā ḇaṯ- ’ā-ḇî-ḵā ’ōw ḇaṯ- ’im-me-ḵā,, 'The nakedness of your sister (the) daughter of your father or (the) daughter of your mother' – WLC^[101]

ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ ἐκ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or out of your mother' – LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or (of) your mother' – LXX^Swete[102]

Turpitudinem sororis tuae en matre tua et ex patre tuo, '[The] shame of your sister in your mother and out of your father' – OL^W[114]

Confusionem sororis tuae uel ex patre uel ex matre, '[The] confusion of your sister either out of [your] father or out of [your] mother' – OL^L[109][114]

Turpitudinem sororis tuae ex patre sive ex matre,, '[The] shame of your sister out of [your] father or out of [your] mother,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:9

η γεγεννημένης, 'or born' – LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

γεγεννημένης ἢ, 'born or' – LXX^Swete[102]

intus natae aut natae foris,, 'at home born or born outdoors,' – OL^L[109]

quae domi vel foris genita est,, 'who is born at home or outdoors,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:9

quoniam tua confusione filiae uxoris patris tui non denudabis confusionem eius, 'because by/through your confusion of [the] daughter of your father's wife [you] shall not uncover his confusion' – OL^L[114]

omitted – all other witnesses^[114]

Leviticus 18:10

Turpitudinem filiae filii tui vel neptis ex filia non revelabis: quia turpitudo tua est., '[You] shall not reveal [the] shame of your son's daughter or daughter's daughter: for [it] is your shame.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

omitted – OL^L[109]

Leviticus 18:17

λήψῃ, 'shall take' – Brenton^[113] ABP^[105] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] (Koine Greek spelling)

Leviticus 18:18

λήψῃ, 'shall take' – Brenton^[113] ABP^[105] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] (Koine Greek spelling)

Leviticus 18:19

בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ‎, bə-nid-daṯ ṭum-’ā-ṯāh, 'in menstrual/impure uncleanness' – WLC^[101]

εν χωρισμώ ακαθαρσίας αυτής, 'in separation of her uncleanness' – LXX^Swete[102] ABP^[105]

in diuortio, 'in divorce/separation' – ^wz[114]

in separationem munditiae eius, 'in separation of his cleanness' – OL^L[115][114]

quae patitur menstrua, 'who suffers from menstruation' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:19

לֹ֣א תִקְרַ֔ב‎, lō ṯiq-raḇ, '[you] shall not approach' – WLC^[101]

ουκ εισελεύση, '[you] shall not go into / enter' – Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

οὐ προσελεύσῃ, '[you] shall not go towards' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103]

non accedes,, '[you] shall not approach,' – OL^L[115] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:20

Et ad mulierem proximi tui, 'And to your neighbour's woman/wife' – OL^L[115]

Cum uxore proximi tui, 'With your neighbour's wife' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:20

לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְזָ֑רַע‎, lō- ṯit-tên šə-ḵā-ḇə-tə-ḵā lə-zā-ra‘, '[you] shall not give copulation/intercourse seed/sowing/offspring' – WLC^[101]

οὐ δώσεις κοίτην σπέρματός σου, '[you] shall not give [the] marriage-bed for your sperm/semen' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

non dabis cubilem seminis tui,, '[you] shall not give the [bed] of your seed,' – OL^L[115]

non coibis, nec seminis, '[you] shall not come together / have sex, nor... by seed/semen' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:21, see also Moloch § Biblical attestations and Child sacrifice § Ban in Leviticus

וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ‎, ū-miz-zar-‘ă-ḵā lō- ṯit-tên lam-mō-leḵ, 'And [you] shall not let any of your descendents pass through [the fire, i.e. to sacrifice] to Moloch' – WLC^[101]

καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματός σου οὐ δώσεις λατρεύειν ἄρχοντι, 'And of your sperm/semen/offspring/descendants [you] shall not give to serve [an] archon' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

Et semini tuo non dabis seruire superposito,, 'And your seed you shall not give to serve placed on top,' – OL^L[115]

De semine tuo non dabis ut consecretur idolo Moloch,, 'Of your semen/offspring [you] shall not give [any] to consecrate to [an] idol of Moloch,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:22, see also Leviticus 18 § Homosexuality

וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תֹּועֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃‎, wə-’eṯ-zā-ḵār, lō’ ṯīš-kaḇ mīš-kə-ḇē ’īš-šā; tō-‘ē-ḇā hī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife;^[56] he/it is an abomination.' – WLC^[116][101]

ࠅࠣࠀࠕ ࠆࠟࠊࠠࠓ ࠋࠞࠀ ࠕࠩࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁ ࠌࠡࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁࠩࠉ ࠀࠩࠔ࠙ࠢࠄ ࠕࠧࠅ࠙ࠜࠏࠁࠢࠄ ࠄࠩࠉࠀ‎, wa’t zā̊ː-kār lā̊ː’ tīš-kā̊b māːš-kå-bī ’īš-ša; tū-‘ē-bā’ ī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife;^[56] she/it is an abomination.' – SP^[116]

καὶ μετὰ ἄρσενος οὐ κοιμηθήσῃ κοίτην γυναικός· βδέλυγμα γάρ ἐστιν., 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife; because it is a detestable thing.' LXX^Swete[102]

και μετά άρσενος ου κοιμηθήση κοίτην γυναικείαν βδέλυγμα γαρ εστι, 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a female (marriage-)bed, because it is a detestable thing.' ABP^[105]

Et cum masculo non dormibis cubile muliebrae: exsecratio enim est., 'And with [a] male you shall not sleep in [the/a] bed of [a] woman: for [it] is [a] curse.' – OL^L[115]

The word muliebrae is an incorrect declension of muliebris; genitive singular (muliebris, "of a woman", "of womanly") was likely the intended form, compare fēminīnae ("of a woman(ly)", "of feminine").

Cum mare ne concumbas eo concubitu quo cum foemina solet: abominada res est., 'With [a] man [you] should not share the bed as is custom in [the] manner of sleeping as with [a] woman: [it] is [an] abominable thing.' – Robert Estienne (1545)^[117]

Cum masculo non commiscearis coitu femineo, quia abominatio est., 'With [a] male [you] shall not intermingle according to [the] feminine intercourse, because it is [an] abomination.' – Vg^Clement[118] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Compare Leviticus 20:13; Genesis 49:4.^[56]

Leviticus 18:23

לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖‎, lō- ṯit-tên šə-ḵā-ḇə-tə-ḵā, '[you] shall not give lying/bedding(/copulation/intercourse)' – WLC^[101]

ου δώσεις τὴν κοίτην σου, '[you] shall not give the marriage-bed of yours' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113]

ου δώσεις κοίτην σου, '[you] shall not give your marriage-bed' – ABP^[105]

non dabis cubilem tuum, '[you] shall not give your bed' – OL^L[115]

non coibis, '[you] shall not come together' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:23

εἰς σπερματισμὸν, 'for insemination / [a] discharge of sperm' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

in sementium, 'in [the] seed' – OL^L[115]

sēmentium is a Late Latin nonstandard noun for "seed".

omitted – WLC^[101] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[107]}

Leviticus 18:25

εξεμιάνθη – Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

ἐμιάνθη – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103]

Leviticus 18:25

ἀδικίαν αὐτοῖς – LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

αὐτοῖς ἀδικίαν – LXX^Swete[102]

Leviticus 18:26

πάντα τὰ προστάγματά, 'all the commandments' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113]

τὰ προστάγματά, 'the commandments' – ABP^[105]

Leviticus 18:26

και, 'and' – LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

ἢ, 'or' – LXX^Swete[102]

Leviticus 18:27

πρότεροι, 'before [plural]' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103]

πρότερον, 'before [singular]' – Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

Leviticus 18:29

μέσου, 'from the middle/midst' – ABP^[105]

omitted – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113]

Leviticus 18:30

ποιήσητε, '[you] shall do [plural]' – LXX^Swete[102] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113]

ποιήτε, '[you] shall do [singular]' – ABP^[105]

Leviticus 18:30

ἃ, 'which' – LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[113] ABP^[105]

ὃ, 'the' – LXX^Swete[102]

Leviticus 20

Leviticus 20:13

וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תֹּועֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מֹ֥ות יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃‎, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū šə-nê-hem; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife,^[56] [they] have both done a detestable thing; [they] will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – WLC^[119][120]

ואיש אשר ישכב את־זכר משכבי אשה תועבה עשו מות יומתו שניהם דמיהם בם׃‎, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū šə-nê-hem də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife,^[56] [they] have done a detestable thing; both will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – SP ^[119]

καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be put to death, they are liable/guilty.' – LXX^Swete[121]

καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And whoever shall lie with a male as with a woman/wife, they have both wrought abomination; let them die the death, they are guilty.^[122]' – Brenton^[122]

και ος αν κοιμηθή μετά άρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα εποίησαν αμφότεροι θανάτω θανατούσθωσαν ένοχοί εισιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be killed to death, or [they] have done a detestable thing; let both be killed to death, they are liable/guilty.' – ABP^[123]

Qui dormierit cum masculo coitu femineo, uterque operatus est nefas: morte moriantur: sit sanguis eorum super eos., 'Whoever sleeps with a male according to the feminine intercourse, both have done a wrong: let them die the death: may their blood be upon them.' – Vg^Clement[124] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[125]}

Compare Leviticus 18:22; Genesis 49:4.^[56]

Leviticus 25

Leviticus 25:42

אֲשֶׁר־הֹוצֵ֥אתִי אֹתָ֖ם מֵ‎, ’ă-šer- hō-w-ṣê-ṯî ’ō-ṯām mê-, 'whom [I] brought out of/from' – WLC^[126]

οὓς ἐξήγαγον, 'whom [I] led out' – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128] ABP^[129]

quos eduxi, 'whom [I] led out' – OL^L[130]

et ego eduxi eos, 'and I led them out' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Leviticus 25:42

לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד׃‎, lō yim-mā-ḵə-rū mim-ke-reṯ ‘ā-ḇeḏ., '[they] shall not be sold in [a] sale of [a] slave.' – WLC^[126]

οὐ πραθήσεται ἐν πράσει οἰκέτου., '[they] shall not be sold in [a] sale of [a] household slave.' – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128] ABP^[129]

Non ueniet uenalido serui., '[He] will not come as [a] buyable/cheap slave.' – OL^L[130]

non veneant conditione servorum:, 'let [them] not come in(to) [the] condition of slaves:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Leviticus 25:43

וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃‎, wə-yā-rê-ṯā mê-’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā., 'and/but [you] shall fear your god.' – WLC^[126]

καὶ φοβηθήσῃ Κύριον τὸν θεόν σου., 'and/but [you] shall fear (the) Lord your god' – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128]

και φοβηθήση τον θεόν σου, 'and/but [you] shall fear your god' – ABP^[129]

et timebis Deum tuum., 'and [you] shall fear your God.' – OL^L[130]

sed metuito Deum tuum., 'but [you/he] shall fear your God.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Leviticus 25:44

אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיוּ־לָ֑ךְ‎, ’ă-šer yih-yū- lāḵ, 'whom you may have [plural]' – WLC^[126]

ὅσοι ἂν γένωνταί σοι, 'as many as should be to you [singular]' – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128] ABP^[129]

quicumque fuerunt, 'who(so)ever have been [plural]' – OL^L[130]

sint vobis, 'should be to/for you [plural]' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Leviticus 25:44

אֲשֶׁ֣ר‎, ’ă-šer, 'which' – WLC^[126]

όσοι, 'as many as' – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128] ABP^[129]

quae, 'which' – OL^L[130] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Leviticus 25:44

מֵהֶ֥ם תִּקְנ֖וּ עֶ֥בֶד וְאָמָֽה׃‎, mê-hem tiq-nū ‘e-ḇeḏ wə-’ā-māh., 'from them [you] may buy/acquire (a) male slave and (a) female slave.' – WLC^[126]

ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν κτήσεσθε δοῦλον καὶ δούλην., 'from them [you] shall acquire/buy (a) male slave and (a) female slave.' – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128] ABP^[129]

ab illis possidebitis,, 'from them [you] will inherit' – OL^L[130]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Leviticus 25:45

אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּכֶ֔ם‎, ’ă-šer ‘im-mā-ḵem, 'who/which [are] with you' – WLC^[126]

των μεθ' υμών, 'of the ones with you [plural]' – ABP^[129]

omitted – LXX^Swete[127] LXX^Rahlfs[103] Brenton^[128] OL^L[130] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[131]}

Book of Numbers

Numbers 22

Numbers 22:1

בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ות מֹואָ֔ב‎, bə-‘ar-ḇō-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the plains of Moab' – WLC^[132][133]

בערבת מואב‎, bə-‘ar-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the evening/west of Moab' – SP^[133]

ἐπὶ δυσμῶν Μωὰβ, 'on the west of Moab^[134] / upon the descent/sunset of Moab^[135]' – LXX^Swete[136] LXX^Rahlfs[137] Brenton^[134] ABP^[135]

The words עֲרָבָה‎ arabah/'aravá ("steppe", "desert", "plain"), עֶרֶב‎ érev ("evening", "sunset") and מַעֲרָב‎ ma'aráv ("west") are all etymologically related to each other, and maybe also cognates of words such as "Europe" (see Europe § Name) and "Arab" (see Etymology of Arab).^[138] See also Numbers 31:12.

Numbers 31

Numbers 31:12

עַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב‎, ‘ar-ḇōṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'the plains/desert/wilderness of Moab' – WLC^[139]

Ἀραβὼθ Μωάβ,, 'Araboth Moab,^[140][141]' – LXX^Swete[140] Brenton^[141]

αραβώθ Μωάβ, '[the] wilderness of Moab^[142]' – ABP^[142]

It is unclear whether the Hebrew original meant a general geographical feature ('plains/desert/wilderness') or a specific toponym (probably the region now known as "Arabah"),^[143] or whether Greek translators failed to translate מוֹאָ֔ב‎ ‘ar-ḇōṯ as a general geographical feature and turned it into a specific toponym, and hence the Arabah region got its name from this toponymisation. See also Numbers 22:1.

Numbers 31:15

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃‎, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Have you kept alive all the women?' – MT^[144][139]

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה למה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃‎, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; lá-ma ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Why have you kept alive all the women?' – SP^[144]

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς Ἵνα τί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ;, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – LXX^Swete[140]

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς ινατί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – ABP^[142] Brenton^[141]

Numbers 31:16

לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה‎, lim·sār-ma·‘al Yah·weh, 'to trespass / to instigate sacrilege against Yahweh^[145]' – MT^[146][139]

τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι καὶ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου, 'of their leaving / moving away from and disgarding the word of the Lord' – LXX^Swete[140] ABP^[142] Brenton^[141]. ἀποστῆσαι is a cognate of the English word "apostasy".

See also Numbers 31 § Tabernacle desecration hypothesis.

Numbers 31:16

עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֹ֑ור‎, ‘al-də-ḇar-pə-‘ō-wr;, 'in the incident of Peor' – MT^[146][139]

ἕνεκεν Φογώρ, 'because of Phogor' – LXX^Swete[140] ABP^[142] Brenton^[141]

Numbers 31:17

וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף‎, wə-‘at-tāh hir-ḡū ḵāl zā-ḵār baṭ-ṭāp̄;, 'Therefore, kill every male among the little ones / infants / (little) children' – MT^[147][139]

καὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἀπαρτίᾳ, 'And now kill every male among all the spoils/captivity/chattel^[141]' – LXX^Swete[140] ABP^[142] Brenton^[141]

Numbers 31:17

וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃‎, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh, yō-ḏa-‘aṯ ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār hă-rō-ḡū., 'and every woman, who has known a man in a male bed / by lying with him, kill.' – MT^[147][139]

καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀποκτείνατε·, 'And every woman who knew [the] marriage-bed of a man, kill!^[142]' – LXX^Swete[140] ABP^[142]

πᾶσαν γυναῖκα, ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος, ἀποκτείνατε., 'slay every woman, who has known the lying with man.^[141]' – Brenton^[141]

Compare Judges 21:11.^[147]

Numbers 31:18

וְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים‎, wə-ḵōl haṭ-ṭap̄ ban-nā-šîm,, '[But] all the young women / women-children / girls,' – WLC^[139]

πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν, 'All the spoils/captivity/chattel of the women' – LXX^Swete[140]

Καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν,, 'And [as for] all the captivity of women^[141]' – Brenton^[141]

και πάσαν την απαρτίαν των γυναικών, 'And all the chattel of the women^[142]' – ABP^[142]

Numbers 31:18

אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר‎, ’ă-šer lō-yā-ḏə-‘ū miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'who have not known a male bed / a man intimately / a man by lying with him,' – WLC^[139]

ἥτις οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known a/the male bed,'– LXX^Swete[140]

ἥτις οὐκ οἶδε κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known the lying with man,^[141] / [the] marriage-bed of a man,^[142]' – Brenton^[141] ABP^[142]

Numbers 31:18

הַחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃‎, ha-ḥă-yū lā-ḵem., 'spare/save them / keep them alive for yourselves.' – WLC^[139]

ζωγρήσατε αὐτάς., 'save ye them alive / take/capture them alive / for life!'– LXX^Swete[140] Brenton^[141] ABP^[142]

Compare Judges 21:11

Numbers 32

Numbers 32:1

גָ֖ד‎, ḡāḏ, 'Gad' – MT^[148][149]

גד ולחצי שבט המנשה‎, ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh, 'Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNum^b] SP^[148][149]

Γαδ, 'Gad' – LXX^Swete[150] ABP^[151] Brenton^[152]

Compare Numbers 32:33^[148]

Numbers 32:2

בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן‎, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben' – MT^[153][149]

בני גד ובני ראובן וחצי שבט המנשה‎, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên wə-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh' – SP^[153]

οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Γαδ, 'the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad' – LXX^{Swete[150][153]} ABP^[151][153] Brenton^[152]

Numbers 32:3

וְנִמְרָ֔ה‎, wə-nim-rāh,, 'and Nimrah' – MT SP^[154][149]

καὶ Ναμβρα, 'and Nambra' – LXX^{Swete[150][154]} Brenton^[152]

και Ναμβρών, 'and Nambron' – ABP^[151][154]

Numbers 32:4

הִ֑וא‎, hî, 'he or is' – MT,^[155][149] see also en:wikt:הוא#Hebrew

היא‎, hu, 'she or it' – SP,^[155] see also en:wikt:היא#Hebrew

ἐστίν, 'is' – LXX^Swete[150]

εστί, 'is' – ABP^[151] Brenton^[152]

Numbers 32:6

לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן‎, liḇ-nê-ḡāḏ wə-liḇ-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Reuben' – MT^[156][149]

לבני ראובן ולבני גד ולחצי שבט המנשה‎, liḇ-nê-rə-’ū-ḇên wə-liḇ-nê ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'to the sons of Reuben and (to) the sons of Gad and (to) the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNum^b] SP^[156]

τοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ρουβην, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Rouben' – LXX^{Swete[150][156]} ABP^[151][156] Brenton^[152]

Book of Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 5

Deuteronomy 5:6, see also I am the Lord thy God

אָֽנֹכִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ‎, ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā,, 'I Yahweh your god' – WLC^[157]

Ἐγώ Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, 'I Lord the god of yours' – LXX^Swete[158] – LXX^Rahlfs[159]

εγώ ειμι κύριος ο θεός σου, 'I am Lord the god of yours' – Brenton^[160] ABP^[161]

Ego Dominus Deus tuus, 'I Lord your God' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:2.

Deuteronomy 5:7, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

לֹ֣א יִהְיֶ֥ה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ׃‎, lō yih-yeh- lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al- pā-nā-ya., 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC^[157] SP^[163]

לוא יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛֩ אלוהים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ‎, l-v-a yih-yeh- lə-ḵā l-v-h-m ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al- pā-nā-ya, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – 4QDeut^n[163] (4QDeut^j[163])

Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πρὸ προσώπου μου., 'There shall not be other gods to you before my face.' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

Non habebis deos alienos in conspectu meo., '[You] shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods in my sight/presence/proximity.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:3.

Deuteronomy 5:11, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

λήψη, 'shall take' – ABP^[161] Brenton^[164] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] (Koine Greek spelling)

Compare Exodus 20:7.

Deuteronomy 5:11, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה‎, lō yə-naq-qeh Yah-weh, 'Yahweh will not acquit / leave unpunished / hold guiltless' – WLC^[157]

μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος, '[the] Lord shall not cleanse' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs.^[159] κᾰθᾰρός ("clean, pure") is the origin of the terms catharsis and Catharism.

μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, '[the] Lord your God shall not cleanse' – Brenton^[164]

μὴ καθαρίσει Κύριος ο θεός σου, '[the] Lord your god shall not cleanse' – ABP^[161]

non erit impunitus, '[he] will not be unpunished' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}. impunitus is the root of the term impunity.

Compare Exodus 20:7.

Deuteronomy 5:14, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ ׃‎, wə-ḡê-rə-ḵā ’ă-šer biš-‘ā-re-ḵā,, 'your stranger/sojourner who [is] within your gates' – WLC^[157]

καὶ (ὁ) προσήλυτος ὁ παροικῶν ἐν σοί., 'and the proselyte/convert the [one] sojourning among you.' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton (no 'ὁ') ^[164] ABP^[161]

et peregrinus qui est intra portas tuas., 'and [the] traveller who is within your gates.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:10.

Deuteronomy 5:15, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔֗יִם‎, bə-’e-reṣ miṣ-ra-yim,, 'in the land of Egypt,' – WLC^[157]

ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ,, 'in [the] land of Egypt,' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

in Ægypto,, 'in Egypt,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:11 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Genesis creation narrative rather than the Exodus).

Deuteronomy 5:15, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

καὶ ἁγιάζειν αὐτήν., 'and to sanctify it.' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

omitted – WLC^[157] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:11: וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃‎, way-qad-də-šê-hū. s, 'and (he) consecrated it.' καὶ ηγίασε αὐτήν., 'and [he] sanctified it.' et sanctificavit eum., 'and [he] sanctified it.'.

Deuteronomy 5:16, see also Honour thy father and thy mother

לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ‎, lə-ma-‘an ya-’ă-rî-ḵun yā-me-ḵā, 'that your days/times may be long [plural]' – WLC^[157]

μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε, 'long times may [you] be [plural]' – LXX^Swete[158]

μακροχρόνιος γένη, '[a] long time may [you] happen [singular]' – LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

longo vivas tempore, '(during a) long time may [you] live [singular]' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:12.

Deuteronomy 5:16, see also Honour thy father and thy mother

וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ‎, ū-lə-ma-‘an yî-ṭaḇ lāḵ, 'that it may be [singular] well with you' – WLC^[157]

ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good [things] should happen [plural] to you' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton^[164] ABP^[161] (mentioned before καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε / καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε)

et bene sit tibi, 'and [it] may be [singular] well with/for you' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:12 (where this phrase is omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, but identical in Greek witnesses).

Deuteronomy 5:17–19, see also Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery and Thou shalt not steal

לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס וְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ סוְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס‎, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, '[You] shall not murder. And [you] shall not commit adultery. And [you] shall not steal.' – WLC^[157]

Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not murder. [You] shall not steal.' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159]

Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

Non occides, neque moechaberis, furtumque non facies:, '[You] shall not kill/slay, nor shall [you] commit adultery, and theft [you] shall not commit:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:13–15.

Deuteronomy 5:21, see also Thou shalt not covet

ούτε παντός κτήνους αυτού, 'nor any of his cattle/beasts [of burden]' – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159] Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

omitted – WLC^[157] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

Compare Exodus 20:17.

Deuteronomy 5:21, see also Thou shalt not covet

כֹ֖ל‎, ḵōl, 'all/everything/anything' – WLC^[157]

πάντα, 'all or any/every [thing]' – Brenton^[164] ABP^[161]

universa, 'all [things] (combined) or [the] whole [of things]' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[162]}

omitted – LXX^Swete[158] LXX^Rahlfs[159]

Compare Exodus 20:17.

Deuteronomy 22

Deuteronomy 22:25

הַנַּעַר‎, han-na-‘ar, 'a boy or a young man' – K^[165][166]

הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙‎, han-na-‘ar-rāh, 'a girl/damsel or a young woman' – Q^[165][166] SP^[165]

την παίδα, 'a child/boy/girl' – LXX^Swete[167] ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:25

וּמֵ֗ת הָאִ֛ישׁ‎, ū-mêṯ hā-’îš, 'then the man shall die' – MT^[165][166]

αποκτενείτε τον άνθρωπον, 'you shall kill the man' – ABP^[168]

ἀποκτενεῖτε, 'you shall kill' – LXX^Swete[167] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:26

־[ולנער] (וְלַֽנַּעֲרָה֙‪‬) לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָבָ֔ר‎, [wə·lan·na·‘ar] (wə·lan·na·‘ă·rāh) lō- ṯa-‘ă-śeh ḏā-ḇār,, '(But [to] the young woman) you shall not do anything;' – WLC^[166]

τη δε νεάνιδι ου ποιήσετε ουδέν, 'but to the young woman you shall not do anything,' – ABP^[168]

omitted – LXX^Swete[167] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:26

אֵ֥ין [לַנַּעַר כ] (לַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה ק) חֵ֣טְא מָ֑וֶת כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ כִּ֡י‎, ’ên [lan·na·‘ar] (lan·na·‘ă·rāh) ḥêṭ mā·weṯ; kî, '[there is] not [to] (the young woman) a sin [worthy] of death. For' – WLC^[166]

ουκ έστι τη νεάνιδι αμάρτημα θανάτου. ότι ως, 'there is not to the young woman a sin [worthy] of death. For as' – ABP^[168]

καὶ τῇ νεάνιδι οὐκ ἔστιν ἁμάρτημα θανάτου. ὡς, 'and to the young woman there is no sin [worthy] of death. As' – LXX^Swete[167] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:28, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29

כִּֽי־יִמְצָ֣א אִ֗ישׁ‎, kî- yim-ṣā ’îš,, 'If a man finds' – WLC^[166]

Ἐὰν δέ τις εὕρῃ, 'And if anyone finds' – LXX^Swete[167] ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:28, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29

וּתְפָשָׂ֖הּ‎, ū-ṯə-p̄ā-śāh, 'and he seizes her' – WLC^[166]

και βιασάμενος αυτήν, 'and using force on her' – ABP^[168]

καὶ βιασάμενος, 'and using force or and [if] he should force [her]' – LXX^Swete[167] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:28, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29

וְנִמְצָֽאוּ׃‎, wə-nim-ṣā-’ū., 'and [they] are found,' – WLC^[166]

καὶ εὑρεθῇ·, 'and [he] should be found' – LXX^Swete[167] ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:29, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29

חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף‎, ḥă-miš-šîm kā-sep̄;, 'fifty of silver' – WLC^[166]

πεντήκοντα δίδραχμα αργυρίου, 'fifty double-drachmas of silver or fifty silver didrachms' – LXX^Swete[167] ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:29, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29

לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל‎, lō- yū-ḵal, 'he shall not be permitted' – WLC^[166]

οὐ δυνήσεται, 'he will not be able' – LXX^Swete[167] ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:29, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29

כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ ס‎, kāl- yā-māw. s, 'all his days' – WLC^[166]

τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον, 'at any time' – LXX^Swete[167] ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

Deuteronomy 22:30

λήψεται, 'shall take' – ABP^[168] Brenton^[169] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψεται, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete[167] (Koine Greek spelling)

Compare Songs 2:6.

Deuteronomy 22:30

συγκάλυμμα, 'skirt or marriage veil' – ABP^[168] Brenton^[169]

συνκάλυμμα, 'skirt' – LXX^Swete[167]

Deuteronomy 28

Deuteronomy 28:30, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 28

יִשְׁכָּבֶ֔נָּה‎, yiš-kā-ḇen-nāh,^[170], 'will rape her^[171][172]' – Q^[173]

יִשְׁגָּלֶנָּה‎ – K^[173]

ישכב‎ – SP^[173]

ἕξει αὐτήν·, 'shall have/hold her' – LXX^Swete[174] ABP^[175] Brenton^[176]

Deuteronomy 28:30, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 28

עמה‎, ‘am-māh, 'people' – SP^[173]

omitted – MT^[173]

Book of Joshua

Joshua 1

Joshua 1:1

עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙‎, ‘e-ḇeḏ Yah-weh way-yō-mer Yah-weh, '[the] servant of Yahweh that Yahweh spoke' – WLC^[177]

εἶπεν Κύριος, '[the] Lord said' – LXX^Swete[178] LXX^Rahlfs[179] Brenton^[180]

δούλου κυρίου και είπε κύριος, '[the] servant of [the] lord and [the] lord said' – ABP^[181]

servi Domini, ut loqueretur Dominus, 'servant(s) of [the] Lord, so that [the] Lord might speak' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[182]}

Book of Judges

Judges 1

Judges 1:18

According to the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) of Judges 1:18, "Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof." (King James Version).^{[note 2]} However, the Greek Septuagint (LXX) renders Judges 1:18 as: "But Judas did not inherit Gaza nor her coasts, nor Ascalon nor her coasts, nor Accaron nor her coasts, nor Azotus nor the lands around it.' (Brenton's Septuagint Translation).^{[184][note 1]}

This contradiction has puzzled scholars, as not only does the Greek text add Ashdod (Azotus) to the list of cities, but it specifically denies that the Judahites conquered (literally "inherited") these cities, while the Hebrew text asserts that they did.^[186][187] Although English Bible translations have generally followed the Masoretic Text in saying the Judahites took the three cities,^[188] some scholars claim that the Greek version should be regarded as superior if the inhabitants of these four coastal cities are to be equated with "the people of the plains" in the next verse, who repelled the Judahites thanks to their iron chariots.^[189] The Septuagint may therefore 'correct' the Hebrew text, as other textual evidence also seems to indicate the towns did not fall to the Israelites until much later.^[186][190] Charles Ellicott noted that Josephus had a different solution, claiming in Antiquities of the Jews (volume 2, paragraph 4) that 'Askelon and Ashdod were taken in the war, but that Gaza and Ekron escaped, because their situation in the plains enabled them to use their chariots; yet in 3, § 1, he says that the Canaanites re-conquered Askelon and Ekron.'^[186]

Judges 15

Judges 15:5

וַיַּבְעֶר־אֵשׁ֙ בַּלַּפִּידִ֔ים‎, way-yaḇ-‘er-’êš bal-lap-pî-ḏîm,, 'And [when he] had burnt fire on the torches / set the torches on fire' – WLC^[191]

καὶ ἐξέκαυσεν πῦρ ἐν ταῖς λαμπάσιν, 'and he inflamed/kindled fire in the torches/lamps' – LXX^Swete[192] APB^[193]

Judges 18

Judges 18:7

מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־ לָהֶ֖ם עִם־ אָדָֽם׃‎, miṣ·ṣi·ḏō·nîm, wə·ḏā·ḇār ’ên-lā·hem ‘im-’ā·ḏām., 'from the Sidonians, and [there were] no ties/dealings/word with anyone / any man.' – WLC^[194][195]

Σιδωνίων, καὶ λόγον οὐκ ἔχουσιν πρὸς ἄνθρωπον., 'of the Sidonians, and no word was had/held to anyone / any man' – B^[196] LXX^Swete[197] LXX^Rahlfs[196] Brenton (ἔχουσι)^[198]

Σιδωνιων και..., 'from the Sidonians and had no relationship with the Arameans' – LXX^mss[199]

από Σιδώνος και λόγος ουκ ην αυτοίς μετά Συρίας, '[away] from Sidon, and there was no word to them with Syria' – A^[200] APB^[201]

et procul a Sidone atque a cunctis hominibus separatum., 'and far away from Sidon and separated from all men/people.' Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[202]}

See also Dan (ancient city) § Laish.

Judges 18:30

וִ֠יהֹונָתָן בֶּן־ גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־ מְשֶּׁ֜ה‎, wî-hō-w-nā-ṯān ben-gê-rə-šōm ben-mō-šeh, 'and Jonathan the son of Gershom the son of Moses' – 'many Hebrew manuscripts, some Septuagint manuscripts and Vulgate'.^[199]

וִ֠יהֹונָתָן בֶּן־ גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־ מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה‎, wî-hō-w-nā-ṯān ben-gê-rə-šōm ben-mə-naš-šeh, 'and Jonathan the son of Gershom the son of Manasseh' – 'many other Hebrew manuscripts and some other Septuagint manuscripts'^[199]

καὶ Ἰωναθὰμ υἱὸς Γηρσὸμ υἱὸς Μανασσή, 'and Jonatham, son Gersom, son Manasse' – LXX^Swete[197]

και Ιωνάθαν υιός Γηρσών υιόυ Μανασσή, 'and Jonathan, son of the Gersoms of the son Manasse' – APB^[201]

"Moses" (משה‎) is thought to be the original reading, which was later changed to "Manasseh" in some manuscripts (but not all) by adding a nun in superscript (מ^נשה‎), in order 'to avoid saying that the grandson of Moses became a priest of false gods'.^[203]

See also Judges 18 § Verse 30 and Gershom § Priestly connections.

Judges 19

Judges 19:2, see also Levite's concubine

וַתִּזְנֶ֤ה עָלָיו֙ פִּֽילַגְשֹׁ֔ו‎ wat-tiz-neh ‘ā-lāw pî-laḡ-šōw, (But his concubine was unfaithful to him,^[204] or But his concubine played the harlot against him,^[204] or But his concubine was angry at him,^[204]) – WLC^[205]

It is disputed whether the first word is derived from זנה‎ zaná (H2181 "to commit fornication/adultery/harlotry, to be a harlot, to play the harlot, to prostitute"^[206]), or זנח‎ zanákh (H2186 "to reject, spurn, be angry with/at, cast away (off), remove far away (off), desert"^[207]).^[204] Traditionally, translators and interpreters have followed the former verb, but some modern scholars prefer the latter verb because this meaning aligns much better with the Greek texts.^[204]

καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἡ παλλακὴ αὐτοῦ (And his concubine departed from him^[208]) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[208]

και ωργίσθη αυτώ η παλλακή αυτού (And his concubine provoked him to anger^[210]) – ABP^[210]

quæ reliquit eum, 'who left him' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:2, see also Levite's concubine

καὶ ἀπῆλθεν παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ εἰς οἶκον πατρὸς αὐτῆς (and went away from him to the house of her father) – LXX^Swete[209]

καὶ ἀπῆλθε παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ εἰς οἶκον πατρὸς αὐτῆς (and went away from him to the house of her father^[208]) – Brenton^[208]

και απήλθε απ' αυτού εις τον οίκον του πατρός αυτής (and she went forth from him unto the house of her father^[210]) – ABP^[210]

et reversa est in domum patris sui, 'and [has] returned to the house of her father' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:2, see also Levite's concubine

וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֕ם יָמִ֖ים אַרְבָּעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃‎ wat-tə-hî- šām yā-mîm ’ar-bā-‘āh ḥo-ḏā-šîm. (and was there the days of four months) – WLC^[205]

καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἡμέρας δ᾽ μηνῶν (and [she] was there days and months) – LXX^Swete[209]

καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἡμέρας μηνῶν τεσσαρων (and she was there four months^[208]) – Brenton^[208]

και εγένετο εκεί ημέρας τετράμηνον (and she was there the days of four months^[210]) – ABP^[210]

mansitque apud eum quatuor mensibus, 'and she [has] remained near him / at his place during four months' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:3, see also Levite's concubine

ὀπίσω (after) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[208]

κατόπισθεν (after or behind) – ABP^[210]

Secutusque est, 'And [he has] followed' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:3, see also Levite's concubine

τοῦ λαλῆσαι ἐπὶ καρδίαν αὐτῆς (to speak unto her heart) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[208]

του λαλήσαι επί την καρδίαν αυτής (to speak unto the heart of her) – ABP^[210]

volens reconciliari ei, atque blandiri, 'wanting to reconcile [her] to him, and to flatter [her]' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:3, see also Levite's concubine

לַהֲשִׁיבֹו‎ la-hă-šî-ḇōw, ([and] bring him back) – K^{[213][205][214]}

לַהֲשִׁיבָ֔הּ‎ la-hă-šî-ḇāh, ([and] bring her back) – Q^{[213][205][214]}

τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι αὐτὴν αὐτῷ (to turn her over to him) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton.^[208] ἐπιστρέψαι is a probable misspelling of ἐπιτρέπω

του διαλλάξαι αυτήν (to reconcile her or to change her mind) – ABP^[210]

et secum reducere, 'and to return [her] to him' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:3, see also Levite's concubine

וְנַעֲרֹ֥ו עִמֹּ֖ו וְצֶ֣מֶד חֲמֹרִ֑ים‎ wə-na-‘ă-rōw ‘im-mōw wə-ṣe-meḏ ḥă-mō-rîm; (and [having his] young man/boy/servant with [him] and a pair of donkeys) – WLC^[205]

καὶ νεανίας αὐτοῦ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ ζεῦγος ὄνων. (And his young man [was] with him and a pair of donkeys or and he had his young man with him, and a pair of asses^[215]) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[215]

και το παιδάριον αυτού μετ᾽ αυτού καὶ ζεύγος υποζυγίων. (And his little boy [was] with him and a pair of beasts of burden) – ABP^[210]

habens in comitatu puerum et duos asinos:, 'having a boy and two donkeys in his company:' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:3, see also Levite's concubine

καὶ ἥδε εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτὸν εἰς οἶκον (and she brought him into the house) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton.^[216] εἰσήνεγκεν = εἰς ("into" or "to(wards)") + φέρω ("to bring") aorist third person singular

και επορεύθη έως οίκου (and he went/travelled unto/until the house) – ABP^[210]

quæ suscepit eum, et introduxit in domum patris sui, 'who received him, and introduced [him] into her father's house' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:4, see also Levite's concubine

וַיֶּחֱזַק־ בּ֤וֹ‎ way-ye-ḥĕ-zaq- bōw (detained/restrained him or persuaded him to stay^[217]) – WLC^[205]

κατέσχεν αὐτὸν (constrained him^[216]) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[216]

εισήγαγεν αυτόν (brought him in) – ABP^[210]

amplexatus est hominem, 'embraced the man' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:4, see also Levite's concubine

ἐπὶ (for or during) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[216]

omitted – WLC^[205] ABP^[210] Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:4, see also Levite's concubine

וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ‎ way-yā-lî-nū ([they] lodged) – WLC^[205]

ηὐλίσθησαν ([they] spent the night or lodged) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[216]

ύπνωσαν ([they] slept) – ABP^[210]

omitted – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:18, see also Levite's concubine

וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ‎ wə-’eṯ- bêṯ Yah-weh ’ă-nî hō-lêḵ, (and [now] to the house of Yahweh I am going) – WLC^[205] Syriac Targum^[218]

καὶ εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου ἐγὼ πορεύομαι· (and to my house I am walking) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[216]

και εις τον οίκον μου εγώ αποτρέχω (and to my house I am returning) – ABP^[210]. αποτρέχω is a probable misspelling of wikt:ἀποτρέπω

et nunc vadimus ad domum Dei, 'and now we are going to the house of God' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:24, see also Levite's concubine

הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַבְּתוּלָ֜ה‎ hin-nêh ḇit-tî hab-bə-ṯū-lāh (Behold my virgin daughter) – WLC^[205]

ἴδε ἡ θυγάτηρ μου ἡ παρθένος (Behold [singular] the daughter of mine, the virgin) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

ιδού θυγάτηρ μου η παρθένος (Behold [plural] my daughter, the virgin) – ABP^[210]

Habeo filiam virginem, 'I have a virgin daughter' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:24, see also Levite's concubine

אֹוצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֹותָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אֹותָ֔ם‎ ’ō-w-ṣî-’āh- nā wə-‘an-nū ’ō-w-ṯām, (Let me bring them out now, and you rape/force [sexually]/defile/violate/ravish/mistreat/humble/humiliate^[220][221] them) – WLC^[205]

ἐξάξω αὐτάς, καὶ ταπεινώσατε αὐτὰς (And I will bring them out, and you humble/humiliate them,) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219] ABP^[210]

educam eas ad vos, ut humilietis eas, 'I will lead them out to you, so that you humiliate them' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:24, see also Levite's concubine

וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃‎ wə-lā-’îš haz-zeh lō ṯa-‘ă-śū, də-ḇar han-nə-ḇā-lāh haz-zōṯ. (but unto this man do not so vile a thing (KJV) or but to this man do not commit this rape/folly/villainy/foolishness or vile/disgraceful act/thing/outrage^[222][223]) WLC^[205]

καὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ τούτῳ οὐ ποιήσετε τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς ἀφροσύνης ταύτης. (but to this man you do not do this folly) – LXX^Swete[209]

και τω ανδρί τούτω μη ποιήσητε το ρήμα της αφροσύνης ταύτης. (but to this man you should not do the thing of this folly^[210] or but to this man do not this folly^[219]) – Brenton^[219] ABP^[210]

ne scelus hoc contra naturam operemini in virum., 'do not work this crime against nature on a man.' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:25, see also Levite's concubine

וַיֵּדְע֣וּ אֹ֠ותָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר‎ way-yê-ḏə-‘ū ’ō-w-ṯāh way-yiṯ-‘al-lə-lū- ḇāh kāl- hal-lay-lāh ‘aḏ- hab-bō-qer, (And they knew / had sexual relations with / raped her,^[172][224] and they mocked//abused/dealt severely with her the entire night until morning) – WLC^[205]

καὶ ἔγνωσαν αὐτήν, καὶ ἐνέπαιζον ἐν αὐτῇ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ἕως πρωί (And they knew / had sex with / raped her, and they mocked/ridiculed/abused her the entire night until morning) – LXX^Swete[209]

καὶ ἔγνωσαν αὐτήν, καὶ ἐνέπαιζον ἐν αὐτῇ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ἕως τοπρωί (And they knew / had sex with / raped her, and they mocked/ridiculed/abused her the entire night until the morning) – Brenton^[219]

και έγνωσαν αυτήν και ενέπαιξαν αυτή όλην την νύκτα έως τοπρωϊ (And they knew / had sex with / raped her and mocked/ridiculed/abused her the entire night until the morning) – ABP^[210]

qua cum tota nocte abusi essent,, 'and when she had been abused all night,' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:25, see also Levite's concubine

וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ בעלות הַשָּֽׁחַר׃‎ way-šal-lə-ḥū-hā ba-‘ă-lō-wṯ haš-šā-ḥar. (and when they let her go, the day began to spring.) – K^[205]

וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ כַּעֲלֹ֥ות הַשָּֽׁחַר׃‎ way-šal-lə-ḥū-hā ka-‘ă-lō-wṯ haš-šā-ḥar. (and when they let her go, the day began to break.) – Q^[205]

καὶ ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὴν ὡς ἀνέβη τὸ πρωί. (and let her go when the morning dawned.^[219]) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

και εξαπέστειλαν αυτήν άμα τω ανέβη τον όρθρον (and they sent her away at the same time the daybreak ascended.) – ABP^[210]

dimiserunt eam mane., 'they let her go in the morning.' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:28, see also Levite's concubine

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ‎ way-yō-mer ’ê-le-hā (And he said to her) – WLC^[205]

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτήν (And he said to her) – LXX^Swete[209]

και είπε προς αυτήν (And he said to her) – Brenton^[219] ABP^[210]

Cui ille, putans eam quiescere, loquebatur:, 'To whom he, believing her to be resting/asleep, said:' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:28, see also Levite's concubine

וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה‎ wə-’ên ‘ō-neh; (But [she] did not answer.) – WLC^[205][225]

καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη, ὅτι ἦν νεκρά. (And she did not answer, because she was dead.) – LXX^{Swete[209][225]} Brenton^[219]

και ουκ απεκρίθη αυτώ αλλά τεθνήκει (And she did not answer to him, for she had died) – ABP^[210] Brenton^[219]

Qua nihil respondente, intelligens quod erat mortua, 'As she was responding nothing, understanding that she was dead' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:28, see also Levite's concubine

τὸν ὄνον (the donkey) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

το υποζύγιον (the beast of burden) – ABP^[210]

Judges 19:29, see also Levite's concubine

וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶל־בֵּ‎ way-yā-ḇō ’el- bê-ṯōw, (And when he entered into his house) – WLC^[205]

και εισήλθεν εις τον οίκον αυτού (And he entered into his house) – ABP^[210]

Quam cum esset ingressus, 'When he had entered' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

omitted – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

Judges 19:29, see also Levite's concubine

הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֙לֶת֙‎ ham-ma-’ă-ḵe-leṯ (a knife) – WLC^[205]. A מאכלת (ma'akhélet) was a "knife for slaughtering, butchering, carving"

τὴν ῥομφαίαν (a rhomphaia or his sword^[219]) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

την μάχαιραν (a makhaira or the knife^[210]) – ABP^[210]

gladium, 'a gladius or a sword' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 19:29, see also Levite's concubine

ἐκράτησεν (seized) – LXX^Swete[209]

ἐκράτησε (seized) – Brenton^[219]

επελάβετο (took hold of) – ABP^[210]

Judges 19:29, see also Levite's concubine

לַעֲצָמֶ֔יהָ‎ la-‘ă-ṣā-me-hā, (limb by limb) – WLC^[205]

κατά τα όστα αυτής (according to her bones) – ABP^[210]

cum ossibus suis, '(along) with her bones' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

omitted – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

Judges 19:29, see also Levite's concubine

בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃‎ bə-ḵōl gə-ḇūl yiś-rā-’êl. (throughout the territory of Israel) – WLC^[205]

ἐν παντὶ ὁρίῳ Ἰσραήλ (to all borders of Israel or to every coast of Israel) – LXX^Swete[209] Brenton^[219]

εις πάσας τας φυλάς Ισραήλ (to all the tribes of Israel) – ABP^[210]

in omnes terminos Israel, 'to all the borders of Israel' – Vg^Clement[211] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[212]}

Judges 20

Judges 20:03, see also Levite's concubine

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙‎, way-yō-mə-rū, 'and said' – WLC^[226]

καὶ ἐλθόντες εἶπαν, 'and the arriving said' – LXX^Swete[227] Brenton^[219]

και είπαν, 'and said' – ABP^[228]

Interrogatusque, 'And when he was questioned' – Vg^Clement[229] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[230]}

Judges 20:05, see also Levite's concubine

אֹותִי֙ דִּמּ֣וּ לַהֲרֹ֔ג‎, ’ō-w-ṯî dim-mū la-hă-rōḡ,, 'they planned/intended to kill me' – WLC^[226]

ἐμὲ ἠθέλησαν φονεῦσαι, 'they wanted to murder/slay me' – LXX^Swete[227] Brenton^[219]

εμέ ηθέλησαν αποκτείναι, 'they wanted to kill me' – ABP^[228]

volentes me occidere, 'wanting to kill me' – Vg^Clement[229] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[230]}

Judges 20:05, see also Levite's concubine

וְאֶת־פִּילַגְשִׁ֥י עִנּ֖וּ וַתָּמֹֽת׃‎, wə-’eṯ- pî-laḡ-šî ‘in-nū wat-tā-mōṯ., 'and / but instead they raped/[sexually] forced/defiled/violated/ravished/mistreated/humbled/humiliated^[220][221] my concubine, and she died' – WLC^[226]

καὶ τὴν παλλακήν μου ἐταπείνωσαν, καὶ ἀπέθανεν., 'and they humiliated my concubine, and she died.' – LXX^Swete[227]

καὶ τὴν παλλακήν μου ἐταπείνωσαν, καὶ ἀπέθανε., 'and they humiliated my concubine, and she died.' – Brenton^[219]

και την παλλακήν μου εταπείνωσαν και ενέπαιξαν αυτή και απέθανεν., 'and they humiliated my concubine, and they mocked/ridiculed/abused her, and she died.' – ABP^[228]

et uxorem meam incredibili furore libidinis vexantes, denique mortua est., 'and tormenting my wife with an incredible fury of lust, she (has) finally died.' – Vg^Clement[229] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[230]}

Judges 21

Judges 21:10, see also Levite's concubine

וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּֽף׃‎, wə-han-nā-šîm wə-haṭ-ṭāp̄., 'and [even] the women and the children.' – WLC^[231]

και τας γυναίκας και τον λαόν, 'even the women and the people!' – ABP^[232]

tam uxores quam parvulos eorum., 'both their wives and their little ones.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

omitted – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[235]

Judges 21:11, see also Levite's concubine

וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ‎, wə-zeh had-dā-ḇār ’ă-šer ta-‘ă-śū;, 'And this word you shall do:' – WLC^[231]

καὶ τοῦτο ποιήσετε·, 'And this you shall do:' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[235]

και ούτος ο λόγος ον ποιήσετε, 'And this [is] the word which you shall do' – ABP^[232]

Et hoc erit quod observare debebitis, 'And this will be what you will have to observe' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:11, see also Levite's concubine

כָּל־זָכָ֗ר וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֛ה יֹדַ֥עַת מִשְׁכַּב־זָכָ֖ר תַּחֲרִֽימוּ׃‎, kāl- zā-ḵār, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh yō-ḏa-‘aṯ miš-kaḇ- zā-ḵār ta-ḥă-rî-mū., 'any male and any woman who has known the bed of a male you shall destroy/devote.^[236]' – WLC^[231]

πᾶν ἄρσεν καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα εἰδυῖαν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀναθεματιεῖτε,, 'Every male and every female having known the marriage-bed of a man you shall devote [to destruction],' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[235]

παν αρσενικόν και πάσαν γυναίκα γινώσκουσαν κοίτην άρσενος αναθεματιείτε, 'Every male and every woman knowning the marriage-bed of a man you shall devote to consumption.' – ABP^[232]

omne generis masculini, et mulieres quae cognoverunt viros, interficite;, 'every kind of male, and women who have known men, kill;' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Compare Numbers 31:17.

Judges 21:11, see also Levite's concubine

, τὰς δὲ παρθένους περιποιήσεσθε. καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτως·, ', but take care of the virgins. And they did so;' – LXX^Swete[234]

· τὰς δὲ παρθένους περιποιήσεσθε· καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτως., '; but the virgins ye shall save alive: and they did so.^[235]' – Brenton^[235]

; virgines autem reservate., '; but save the virgins.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

omitted – WLC^[231] ABP^[232]

Compare Numbers 31:18.

Judges 21:12, see also Levite's concubine

נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָדְעָ֛ה אִ֖ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר‎, na-‘ă-rāh ḇə-ṯū-lāh, ’ă-šer lō- yā-ḏə-‘āh ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'virgin young woman, who has not known a man on/in the bed of a male;^[236]' – WLC^[231]

νεάνιδας παρθένους, αἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ἄνδρα εἰς κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'virgin young women, whoever knew not a man, into the marriage-bed of a male.' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237]

νεάνιδας παρθένους αι οὐκ έγνωσαν άνδρα εις κοίτην άρσενος, 'virgin young women, the ones [that] knew not a man, in the marriage-bed of a male.' – ABP^[232]

virgines, quae nescierunt viri thorum:, 'virgins, who did not know the marriage-bed of a man:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:12, see also Levite's concubine

שִׁלֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר‎, ši-lōh, ’ă-šer, 'Shiloh which [is]' – WLC^[231]

Σηλὼν τὴν, 'Selon the [one]' – LXX^Swete[234]

Σηλὼμ τὴν, 'Selom the [one]' – Brenton^[237]

Σηλώ η εστιν, 'Selo which is' – ABP^[232]

Silo, 'Silo' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:14, see also Levite's concubine

וַיָּ֤שָׁב בִּנְיָמִן֙ בָּעֵ֣ת‎, way-yā-šāḇ bin-yā-min bā-‘êṯ, 'And Benjamin returned at that time' – WLC^[231]

καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν βενιαμεὶν πρὸς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, 'And Benjamin returned to the sons of Israel at that time' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237] ABP^[232]

Veneruntque filii Benjamin in illo tempore, 'And the sons of Benjamin came at that time' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:14, see also Levite's concubine

הַהִ֔יא וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ לָהֶם֙‎, ha-hî way-yit-tə-nū lā-hem, 'and they gave them' – WLC^[231]

καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτοῖς οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ, 'and the sons of Israel gave them' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237]

και έδωκαν αυτοίς, 'and [they] gave them' – ABP^[232]

et datae sunt eis, 'and to them were given' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:14, see also Levite's concubine

הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חִיּ֔וּ מִנְּשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד‎, han-nā-šîm, ’ă-šer ḥî-yū, min-nə-šê yā-ḇêš gil-‘āḏ;, 'the women, whom they had kept/saved alive, from the women of Jabesh Gilead;' – WLC^[231]

τὰς γυναῖκας ἃς ἐζωοποίησαν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἰαβεὶς Γαλαάδ·, 'the women whom they saved alive from the daughters of Jabeis Galaad' – LXX^Swete[234]

τὰς γυναῖκας ἃς ἐζωοποίησαν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἰαβὶς Γαλαάδ·, 'the women whom they [had] saved alive of the daughters of Jabis Galaad' – Brenton^[237]

τας γυναίκας αίτινες ήσαν εκ των γυναικών Ιαβίς Γαλαάδ, 'the women whomever were of the women of Jabis Galaad' – ABP^[232]

uxores de filiabus Jabes Galaad:, '(the) wives of/from (the) daughters of Jabes Galaad:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:14, see also Levite's concubine

וְלֹֽא־מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃‎, wə-lō- mā-ṣə-’ū lā-hem kên., 'but [they] had not found enough for them.' – WLC^[231]

καὶ ἤρεσεν αὐτοῖς οὕτως., 'and it pleased them thus^[232]' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237] ABP^[232]

καὶ ἤρεσεν αὐτοῖς οὕτω., 'and they were content^[237]' – Brenton^[237]

alias autem non repererunt, quas simili modo traderent., 'but [they] did not find others, whom [they] would deliver in (a) similar manner.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:17, see also Levite's concubine

לֹֽא־יִמָּחֶ֥ה שֵׁ֖בֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃‎, lō- yim-mā-ḥeh šê-ḇeṭ mî-yiś-rā-’êl., 'a tribe may not be destroyed from Israel.' – WLC^[231]

οὐκ ἐξαλειφθήσεται φυλὴ ἀπὸ Ἰσραήλ., 'no tribe will be wiped away from Israel.' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237]

ου μη εξαλειφθή φυλή εξ Ισραήλ, 'in no way should a tribe be wiped away out of Israel' – ABP^[232]

ne una tribus deleatur ex Israel, 'lest one tribe be destroyed/deleted from Israel' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:22, see also Levite's concubine

לרוב‎, lā-rō-wḇ, 'to complain' – K^[231]

לָרִ֣יב ׀‎, lā-rîḇ, 'to complain' – Q^[231]

Judges 21:22, see also Levite's concubine

אֵלֵ֗ינוּ‎, ’ê-lê-nū,, 'to us' – WLC^[231]

πρὸς ὑμᾶς, 'to you' – LXX^Swete[234]

πρὸς ημάς, 'to us' – Brenton^[237] ABP^[232]

adversum vos, 'against you' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:22, see also Levite's concubine

חָנּ֣וּנוּ אֹותָ֔ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָקַ֛חְנוּ אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתֹּ֖ו בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה‎, ḥān-nū-nū ’ō-w-ṯām, kî lō lā-qaḥ-nū ’îš ’iš-tōw bam-mil-ḥā-māh;, 'Be kind to them, because we did not take a woman/wife for [each] man in the war' – WLC^[231]

Ἔλεος ποιήσατε ἡμῖν αὐτάς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐλάβομεν ἀνὴρ γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ παρατάξει, 'Grant them to us out of mercy, for we have not taken every man a woman/wife for himself in the lines of battle' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237]

ελεήσατε αυτούς ότι ουκ έλαβεν ανήρ εαυτώ γυναίκα εν τω πολέμω, 'Show mercy on them! For a man did not take a woman/wife to himself in the war' – ABP^[232]

Miseremini eorum: non enim rapuerunt eas jure bellantium atque victorum:, 'Have mercy on them: for [they] did not seize/abduct/rape them by (the) right of warriors and conquerors.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}

Judges 21:25

בְּעֵינָ֖יו‎, bə-‘ê-nāw, 'in [his] eyes' – WLC^[231]

ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, 'in his face/view or in front of him' – LXX^Swete[234] Brenton^[237]

εν οφθαλμοίς αυτού, 'in his eyes' – ABP^[232]

sibi videbatur, 'it seemed to him' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado[233]}