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((Short description|1375 narrative poem by John Barbour))
((redirect|The Bruce||Bruce (disambiguation)))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=July 2015))
((POV|date=April 2012))
))
((Italic title))
[[File:Robert the Bruce image.JPG|thumb|Image of the Bruce, the main focus of the poem]]
[[Image:John Barbour.JPG|right|210px|thumb|''A, fredome is a noble thing'', part of the most-cited passage from Barbour's 
'''''Brus'''''.]]

'''''The Brus''''', also known as '''''The Bruce''''', is a long narrative poem, in [[Early Scots]], of just under 14,000 [[octosyllabic]] lines composed by [[John Barbour (poet)|John Barbour]] which gives a historic and [[chivalry|chivalric]] account of the actions of [[Robert the Bruce]] and [[James Douglas, Lord of Douglas|Sir James Douglas]] in the [[Scottish Wars of Independence]] during a period from the circumstances leading up to the English invasion of 1296 through to Scotland's restored position in the years between the [[Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton|Treaty of 1328]] and the death of [[Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray|Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray]] in 1332.

==Background== 
The poem's centre-piece (literally) is an extensive account of the [[Battle of Bannockburn]] of 1314. Barbour's poetic account of these events is a [[Keystone (architecture)|keystone]] in Scotland's [[National myth#Scotland|national story]]. The description of the battle is Barbour’s masterpiece.<ref name=Cambridge/>

The poem was written about 1375,<ref>((Cite book |last=Barbour |first=John |url=http://archive.org/details/brusorbookmoste00barbgoog |title=The Brus; from a collation of the Cambridge and Edinburgh manuscripts |date=1856 |publisher=Aberdeen, Spalding club |others=New York Public Library))</ref> "...to throw behind the new king, Robert II (who gave Barbour a pension) the weight of his grandfather's (Bruce's) achievements and reputation."<ref name=Duncan>[http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/STELLA/STARN/poetry/BRUS/intro.htm Duncan, A., "Fredome is a noble thing", Barbour, John. ''The Brus'']</ref> Barbour's work is a romance based upon a lost life of Douglas and a chronicle or chronicles which told of King Robert and his times. At the beginning of the poem, he conflates three Bruces into the single person of the hero, probably by design. [[Archie Duncan (historian)|Archie Duncan]] notes Barbour's fondness for exaggerated numbers for the size of any army.<ref name=Duncan/> Here and there the order of events is transposed. Despite this, it has been regarded from his own time as, in all details, a trustworthy source for the history of the period.<ref name=Cambridge>[http://www.bartleby.com/212/0502.html "John Barbour:''The Bruce'', ''The Cambridge History of English and American Literature'', 1907]</ref>

Throughout the piece, Bruce overshadows all his associates. In book nine, in recounting Edward Bruce's victories in Galloway, Barbour does not relate the whole story, but sums up his worthiness by remarking that "he might have rivaled any of his contemporaries ''excepting only his brother''".<ref name=Macmillan/>  The king is a hero of the chivalric type common in contemporary romance; [[Freedom (philosophy)|freedom]] is a "noble thing" to be sought and won at all costs; the opponents of such freedom are shown in the dark colours which history and poetic propriety require; but there is none of the complacency of the merely provincial habit of mind. Many lines are full of vigour; and there are passages of high merit, notably the oft-quoted section beginning ''"A! fredome is a noble thing"''.

Despite a number of errors of fact, the account has a greater degree of historical veracity than is usually associated with the verse-chronicle genre (for instance, [[Blind Harry]]'s [[The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace|Wallace]] composed in the following century). But it is much more than a rhyming chronicle; it contains many fine descriptive passages, and sings the praises of freedom. Its style is somewhat bald and severe.  No one has doubted Barbour's authorship of the Brus, but argument has been attempted to show that the text as we have it is an edited copy, perhaps by John Ramsay, a [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] [[scribe]], who wrote out the two extant texts, one preserved in the [[Advocates Library, Edinburgh]], and the other in the library of [[St John's College, Cambridge]].

==Influence==
Barbour's influence on later Scottish writers can be seen in [[Robert Burns]]' ''Scots Wha Hae'', and [[Walter Scott]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Isles]]'' and ''[[Castle Dangerous]]''.<ref name=Macmillan>[https://archive.org/stream/bruceofbannockbu00barbrich#page/n9/mode/2up MacMillan, Michael. ''The Bruce of Bannockburn'', Eneas Mackay, Stirling, 1914]</ref>

==Text==
Text from ''The Brus''<br />
by [[John Barbour (poet)|Barbour]] (1375 Transcribed by Ramsay in 1489)<br />
(a) THE POET’S PROEM.

((lang|sco|italic=no|Storyß to rede ar delitabill,<br />
suppoß þat þai be nocht bot fabill,<br />
þan suld storyß þat suthfast wer,<br />
And þai war said on gud maner,<br />
Hawe doubill plesance in heryng.<br />
þe fyrst plesance is þe carpyng,<br />
And þe toþir þe suthfastnes,<br />
þat schawys þe thing rycht as it wes;<br />
And suth thyngis þat ar likand<br />
Tyll mannys heryng ar plesand.<br />
þarfor I wald fayne set my will,<br />
Giff my wyt mycht suffice þartill,<br />
To put in wryt a suthfast story,<br />
þat it lest ay furth in memory,<br />
Swa þat na length of tyme it let,<br />
na ger it haly be forȝet.<br />
For auld storys þat men redys,<br />
Representis to þaim þe dedys<br />
Of stalwart folk þat lywyt ar,<br />
Rycht as þai þan in presence war.<br />
And, certis, þai suld weill hawe pryß<br />
þat in þar tyme war wycht and wyß,<br />
And led thar lyff in gret trawaill,<br />
And oft in hard stour off bataill<br />
Wan [richt] gret price off chewalry,<br />
And war woydit off cowardy.<br />
As wes king Robert off Scotland,<br />
þat hardy wes off hart and hand;<br />
And gud Schyr Iames off Douglas,<br />
þat in his tyme sa worthy was,<br />
þat off hys price & hys bounte<br />
In fer landis renoenyt wes he.<br />
Off þaim I thynk þis buk to ma;<br />
Now god gyff grace þat I may swa<br />
Tret it, and bryng it till endyng,<br />
þat I say nocht bot suthfast thing!))

==See also==
*[[Scottish literature]]

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
((Wikisource|Fredome))
*((Citation
|last=Barbour
|first=Johne
|author-link=John Barbour (poet)
|year=1375
|editor-last=Innes
|editor-first=Cosmo
|editor-link=Cosmo Innes
|title=The Brus: From a Collation of the Cambridge and Edinburgh Manuscripts
|volume=
|edition=
|publisher=The Spalding Club
|publication-date=1856
|location=Aberdeen
|pages=
|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=Innes%2C%20Cosmo%2C%20The%20Brus
|accessdate=2011-12-14
)) - in Scots
*((Citation
|last=Barbour
|first=Johne
|author-link=John Barbour (poet)
|year=1375
|editor-last=Skeat
|editor-first=Walter W.
|contribution=
|title=The Bruce; or, The Book of the most excellent and noble prince, Robert de Broyss, King of Scots
|volume=
|edition=
|publisher=Early English Text Society
|publication-date=1870
|location=London
|pages=
|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=The%20Bruce%20or%2C%20The%20Book%20of%20the%20most%20excellent%20and%20noble%20prince%2C%20Robert%20de%20Broyss%2C%20King%20of%20Scots%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts
|accessdate=2011-12-14
)) - in Scots with Modern English annotations
*((Citation
|last=Barbour
|first=Johne
|author-link=John Barbour (poet)
|year=1375
|editor-last=Eyre-Todd
|editor-first=George
|contribution=
|title=The Bruce, being the Metrical History of Robert The Bruce, King of Scots
|volume=
|edition=
|publisher=Gowans & Gray Limited
|publication-date=1907
|location=London
|pages=
|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=The%20Bruce%2C%20being%20the%20Metrical%20History%20of%20Robert%20The%20Bruce%2C%20King%20of%20Scots%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts
|accessdate=2011-12-14
)) - a modern English translation
*[http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/STELLA/STARN/poetry/BRUS/contents.htm ''The Brus'' edited by Emeritus Professor A A M Duncan]
*Barbour, Johne (1375), Mackenzie, William Mackay (ed.) [[gutenberg:44292/|The Bruce by John Barbour]] on [[Project Gutenberg]].

((DEFAULTSORT:Brus, The))
[[Category:14th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:14th-century poems]]
[[Category:Scottish poems]]
[[Category:Epic poems]]
[[Category:Early Scots poems]]
[[Category:Scottish chronicles]]
[[Category:1375 books]]

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