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((short description|German chemist and entrepreneur))
((more citations needed|date=February 2021))
[[File:Iserlohn-Fleitmann1-Asio.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Theodor Fleitmann]]
'''Franz Friedrich Theodor Fleitmann''' (August 20, 1828 in [[Schwerte]] - October 25, 1904 in [[Iserlohn]]) was a [[German people|German]] [[chemist]] and [[entrepreneur]].

== Family ==
Fleitmann was the son of the businessman Theodor Friedrich Fleitmann (1796-1860). His maternal grandparents were members of the Duisberg and Overweg merchant families from Iserlohn. In Elberfeld in 1856 he married Maria Winkhaus (1838-1919), the daughter of the Elberfeld silk manufacturer Friedrich Winkhaus (1791-1854). The marriage resulted in three sons and two daughters, including [[Richard Fleitmann]] (1860–1923), later General Director of [[United German Nickel Works]] in Schwerte.

== Life ==
After attending the provincial trade school in [[Hagen]], he began to study chemistry in 1845. He studied in [[Gießen]] and [[Berlin]]. From 1849 to 1851 Fleitmann was the private assistant of [[Justus von Liebig]].<ref>[http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2006/3644/pdf/BA-15.pdf University archive Gießen: inventory , P. 106 (pdf; 5.5&nbsp;MB)]</ref> In 1850 he was awarded a doctorate in natural sciences.

For health reasons, he gave up his university career in 1851 and moved to Iserlohn. There he managed the nickel smelter ''Neusilberwarenfabrik Herbers, Witte & Co.''. In 1861, Fleitmann acquired the nickel works and together with Heinrich Witte founded the [[VDN Vereinigte Deutsche Nickel-Werke|Nickel- und Kobaltfabrik Fleitmann & Witte]] on the [[Iserlohner Heath]] in Iserlohn, which produced blanks for the first German nickel coin in 1871 that were manufactured in the [[German Empire]]. A year earlier, the production facility had been relocated to Schwerte. The nickel coins became known as the ''Fleitmännchen''.<ref name = "archiveNRW">[http://www.archive.nrw.de/LAV_NRW/jsp/Stock.jsp?archivNr=4&tektId=168 archive.nrw. de: Vereinigte Deutsche Nickel-Werke AG formerly Westfälisches Nickelwalzwerk Fleitmann, Witte & Co.]</ref><ref name = "Ruhrtalmuseum">[http://www.ruhrtalmuseum.de/Geschichte-und-Personen.151.0.html Ruhrtalmuseum: history and people]</ref>

In 1877, Theodor Fleitmann succeeded in making nickel rollable and forgeable. In 1879, he "discovered and patented the addition to the molten nickel before casting of metallic magnesium in amounts of from 0.05 to 0.125 per cent, and later amended this practice to use a magnesium-nickel alloy instead."<ref name="merica24">((cite journal |last1=Merica |first1=P. D. |last2=Waltenberg |first2=R. G. |title=Malleability and Metallography of Nickel |journal=Technologic Papers of the Bureau of Standards |date=September 1924 |volume=19 |pages=155–183 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/nbstechnologic/nbstechnologicpaperT281.pdf |quote=Ber. d. deutsch Gesell., 12, p. 454 ; 1879))</ref> Another invention was the [[plating]] of thin nickel sheet on steel sheet. With his inventions he created the basis for the later nickel industry.

In 1898, Theodor Fleitmann was made an honorary citizen of the city of Iserlohn. Three years later he withdrew from the company, which had grown to over 1,000 employees, and passed it on to his sons Richard (1860-1923) and Theodor Fleitmann (1861-1945). In 1901 the [[Technische Universität Berlin|Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg]] awarded him an [[honorary doctorate]]. He was a member of the [[Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/amtlicherbericht33gese#page/n29/mode/2up Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857]</ref>

Theodor Fleitmann died of a stroke at the age of 76. The grave of his family at the [[Main Cemetery Iserlohn]] is under [[monument protection]].

== Works ==
* ((Cite book
   | author = Theodor Fleitmann
   | title = The position of beryllium and magnesium in the periodic system
   | place = Bonn
   | date = 1927
))

== Literature ==
* ((NDB | 5 | 237 | 237 | Fleitmann, Franz Friedrich Theodor | Paul Grote | 116613173))
* ((Cite book
   | author = Hermann Holtmeier
   | title = Distinctive heads from the Märkisches Kreis
   | publisher = Hans-Herbert Mönnig Verlag
   | place = Iserlohn
   | date = 1997
   | isbn = 3-922885-89-6))
* ((Cite book
   | author = H. Kraas
   | chapter= Pedigree of the royal. Prussia. Commercial Council Dr. phil. et Dr. Ing. E. h. Franz Friedr. Theodor Fleitmann
   | title = The Märker
   | volume = 14
   | issue = 12
   | date = 1965
   | page = 245))
* ((Cite book
   | author = Wilhelm Schulte
   | chapter= Theodor Fleitmann - The career of the founder of the nickel industry
   | title = The Märker
   | volume = 9
   | number = 10
   | date = 1960
   | page = 247))
* ((Cite book
   | author = Wilhelm Schulte
   | chapter = Theodor Fleitmann (1828–1904)
   | title = Rheinish-Westphalian economic biographies
   | volume = 8
   | publisher = Aschendorff
   | place = Münster
   | date = 1962
   | pages = 56–74))

== References ==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Fleitmann, Theodor))
[[Category:19th-century German inventors]]
[[Category:German materials scientists]]
[[Category:German company founders]]
[[Category:German industrialists]]
[[Category:19th-century German chemists]]
[[Category:19th-century German businesspeople]]
[[Category:1828 births]]
[[Category:1904 deaths]]

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