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((Short description|Manufacturer of refrigeration and HVAC systems))
((more citations needed|date=February 2008))
((Infobox company
| name = Thermo King
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| foundation = ((start date and age|1938|df=yes))
| founder = ((Unbulleted list|Joseph A. Numero|[[Frederick McKinley Jones]]))
| location = [[Bloomington, Minnesota]]
| parent = [[Trane Technologies]]
| industry = Equipment manufacturing
| products = Transport [[refrigeration]] systems
| homepage = ((url|https://thermoking.com))
))
'''Thermo King''' is an American manufacturer of transport temperature control systems for [[refrigerator truck]]s and trailers, [[refrigerated container]]s and [[Refrigerator car|refrigerated railway cars]] along with [[heating, ventilation and air conditioning]] systems for bus and passenger rail applications. Headquartered in the [[Minneapolis]] suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota]].<ref>[http://www.thermoking.com/aboutus/contactus/main.asp Thermoking "Contact Us"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517112044/http://www.thermoking.com/aboutus/contactus/main.asp |date=2011-05-17 )). Thermo King Corporation. Retrieved on January 18, 2011. "Thermo King Corporate Headquarters 314 West 90th Street Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 "</ref><ref>"[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US2706616&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on Bloomington city, Minnesota] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924204139/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on&geo_id=16000US2706616 |date=2006-09-24 ))." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on January 18, 2011.</ref> Thermo King is a [[subsidiary]] of [[Trane Technologies]].

==History==
Joseph "Joe" A. Numero sold his Cinema Supplies Inc. movie sound equipment business to [[RCA]] in 1938 and formed a new entity, the U.S. Thermo Control Company (later the Thermo King LLC), in partnership with his engineer, inventor [[Frederick McKinley Jones]]. Jones designed a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable food,<ref name="Minnesota Hall of Fame"/> for which they had obtained a patent on July 12, 1940,<ref name="Black Firsts">((cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93SDBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA613 | title=Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events | publisher=Visible Ink Press | author=Smith, Jessie Carney  | year=2012 | pages=613 | isbn=978-1-57859-424-5))</ref> subsequent to a challenge to invent a refrigerated truck over a golf game by associates of Numero's, Werner Transportation Co.'s President Harry Werner, and United States Air Conditioning Co.'s President Al Fineberg,<ref>[https://archive.org/details/eightblackameric00hayd <!-- quote=werner. --> ''Eight Black American Inventors'' by Robert C. Hayden] Addison-Wesley, 1972; pp. 46- 50.</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.refresearch.com/Social-Media/ArtMID/388/ArticleID/15/The-First-Refrigerated-Trailer |title="The First Refrigerated Trailer", Refrigeration Research; October 4, 2017. |access-date=February 12, 2019 |archive-date=February 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064206/http://www.refresearch.com/Social-Media/ArtMID/388/ArticleID/15/The-First-Refrigerated-Trailer |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref name="Minnesota Hall of Fame">((cite web | url=http://www.msthalloffame.org/frederick_mckinley_jones.htm | title=Frederick McKinley Jones | publisher=[[Minnesota High Tech Association]] / [[Science Museum of Minnesota]] | work=Minnesota Science and Technology Hall of Fame | accessdate=January 2, 2018))</ref><ref name="Black Firsts"/> resulting in the "Model A" and the founding of Thermo King.

The invention ushered in the era of frozen foods, large supermarkets, and the modern restaurant industry. Refrigerated transport made the delivery of fresh produce anywhere in the country a possibility, regardless of the season. The concept of continuous cooling of perishables is often referred to as the "Farm to Fork" [[cold chain]]. With mobile refrigeration compressors driven by fuel-powered engines and stationary refrigeration compressors driven by grid-sourced electricity, the food is kept cold from the point of production through to the point of distribution to consumers.
[[File:DAF LF 320 FA 19t mit Kühlkofferaufbau.jpg|thumb|Thermo King refrigeration unit on a DAF refrigerated truck]]
In 1942, Jones developed the first portable refrigeration units for troops stationed overseas in [[World War II]]. Thermo King also introduced the first gasoline-powered mechanical [[refrigerated boxcars]] in the 1940s, which reduced shipping costs, making fresh produce more widely available and affordable for the public. By 1949, annual revenues reached $3 million for the company.

With the introduction of diesel engines in refrigerated units in 1958, engine life would out-perform their gasoline-powered counterparts in terms of longevity. Thermo King was not limited to transport refrigeration products, however. Some of the additional products the company built and sold included milk coolers, golf carts, school desks and shopping carts.

On March 5, 1966, a group of 75 people associated with the company were among the 113 passengers and 11 crew members who died when [[BOAC Flight 911]] crashed near Mount Fuji, Japan. Company executives and their top dealers were on a 14-day company-sponsored tour of Japan and Southeast Asia, which was organized as a reward for sales performance. A company spokesman, quoted in the press in reaction to the tragedy, said that "this has got to be one of the worst things that a company can experience."<ref>((cite news
|title=Most of Firm's Top Dealers on 'Award Tour,' Killed 
|date=1966-03-05
|work=[[Press-Telegram]] (Long Beach, CA)
|page=A-3
|url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com/freepdfviewer.aspx?img=50187712))</ref> Thirty years later, the company would suffer a similar tragedy when Jill Watson, daughter of company president James F. Watson, was killed in the crash of [[TWA Flight 800]]. <ref>((cite web | url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-07-20-9607200006-story.html | title=The Crash of Twa Flight 800: The Victims | date=20 July 1996 ))</ref>

During the 1970s, Thermo King continued to manufacture equipment for the transportation industry. Their early efforts have evolved into a widely recognized line of products and Thermo King has become a worldwide business. Thermo King Europe opened in Galway, Ireland, and began producing refrigeration units to be sold throughout Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia and Asia. Their global expansion continues to this day.

In 1991, the [[National Medal of Technology]] was awarded to Joseph A. Numero and Frederick M. Jones. President [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]] presented the awards posthumously to their widows at a ceremony in the [[White House Rose Garden]]. Jones was the first African American to receive the award (see [[Frederick McKinley Jones]]).
 
In 1997, [[Ingersoll Rand]] acquired Thermo King from [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] for $2.56 billion in cash, 13 times earnings,<ref name="NYT 1997">((cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/16/business/ingersoll-rand-to-buy-westinghouse-s-thermo-king-unit.html | title=Ingersoll-Rand to Buy Westinghouse's Thermo King Unit | work=Business Day - The New York Times | date=September 16, 1997 | accessdate=January 2, 2018 | author=Deutsch, Claudia H.))</ref> and added it to its Climate Control Technologies (later Climate Solutions) businesses, alongside [[Trane]] and Hussmann. At the time Thermo King controlled close to half the global market for refrigeration equipment.<ref name="NYT 1997"/>

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
((Commons category))
((Portal|United States|Companies))
*[http://www.mnopedia.org/thing/thermo-king-model-c Thermo King Model C in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia] 
*[http://www.thermoking.com Official website]
*[http://europe.thermoking.com/ Thermo King Europe]
*[http://europe.thermoking.com/thermokare/ ThermoKare Service Solutions]
*[http://www.thermoking.com.tr/ana-sayfa.aspx Thermo King Turkey]

((Trane Technologies))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Auto parts suppliers of the United States]]
[[Category:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies]]
[[Category:Trucking industry in the United States]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bloomington, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Trane Technologies]]
[[Category:1997 mergers and acquisitions]]

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