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((Infobox artist
| name          = Thomas Barker
| image         = Thomas Barker, Barker of Bath - Self Portrait.jpeg
| caption       =
| birth_date     = 1769
| birth_place      = Trosnant (near [[Pontypool]]), [[Wales]]
| death_date     = 1847
| death_place    = [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], [[England]]
| nationality   = [[Wales|Welsh]]
))

'''Thomas Barker''' or '''Barker of Bath''' (1769 – 11 December 1847), was a British painter of [[landscape art|landscape]] and rural life.

==Early life==
((Moresources|section|date=December 2022))
Barker was born in 1769, at Trosnant near the village of [[Pontypool]], in [[Monmouthshire]].<ref name="llgc">((cite DWB|id=s-BARK-PON-1700 |author=Rees, Thomas Mardy|title=BARKER family, of Pontypool, etc., artists.|access-date=21 October 2021))</ref> His father, Benjamin Barker, was the son of a [[barrister]], and practiced as an artist, but never attempted more than the portraits of horses. He eventually took up employment as a [[Pontypool japan|Japanware]] decorator.<ref>[http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/timelines/faces/?version=text Faces of Wales] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803205935/http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/timelines/faces/?version=text |date=3 August 2010 )) National Museum Wales</ref>

From an early age Barker showed a remarkable talent for drawing figures and designing landscapes, although  he never took a lesson in either drawing or painting and was entirely self-taught. When he was sixteen his family moved to [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] where the patronage of an opulent coach-builder named Charles Spackman allowed him to follow his talent as an artist.  During the first four years he employed himself in copying the works of the old [[Dutch Golden Age painting|Dutch]] and [[Flemish painting|Flemish masters]]. At the age of twenty-one he was sent to Rome with ample funds to maintain his position there as a gentleman. While there he painted very little, contenting himself with society life.

==Life as an artist==
[[File:Thomas Barker- Hampton Rocks, Morning.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Hampton Rocks Cutting|Hampton Rocks]], Morning'', now at the [[Victoria Art Gallery]], Bath.]]
[[File:Macbeth and the Witches (Barker, 1830).jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Macbeth]] and the Witches'', now at the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]], [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
Barker was an occasional exhibitor at the [[Royal Academy]] and the [[British Institution]] for almost fifty years, during which period he exhibited  nearly one hundred pictures. He was a prolific artist, and painted a wide range of subjects. Few pictures of the English school are more generally known and appreciated than ''The Woodman'', of which it appears two were painted, both of them from nature, and of life size: the first was sold to Mr. Macklin for 500 guineas; the second, for the same amount, became the property of Lord W. Paulett. In 1821 he painted the ''Trial of Queen Caroline'', which included portraits of many celebrated men; but perhaps the best effort of Barker's pencil skill was the [[fresco]], 30 feet in length, and 12 feet in height, representing ''The Inroad of the Turks upon Scio, in April, 1822,'' painted on the wall of his residence, [[Sion Hill Place, Bath|Sion Hill]], Bath.

When Barker's talents were in full vigour, no artist of his time had a greater hold on popular favour; his pictures of ''The Woodman'', ''Old Tom'' (painted before he was seventeen years of age), and gipsy groups and rustic figures, were copied onto almost every possible material: [[Staffordshire Potteries|Staffordshire pottery]], [[Royal Worcester|Worcester china]], [[Manchester]] cottons, and [[Glasgow]] linens. At one time he amassed considerable property by the sale of his works, and spent a large sum in building a mansion for his residence, enriching it with sculpture and other works of art. He died at Bath in 1847.((cn|date=December 2022))

Barker was one of the first British artists to use [[Lithography]] as a print medium and contributed two prints  ''Young Boy Seated'',<ref>((cite web| title=''Young Boy Seated''|location=British Museum| url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3230732))</ref>  and ''Tilemakers'' <ref>((cite web| title=''Tilemakers'' |location=British Museum| url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3230738))</ref> to ''Specimens of Polyautography'',<ref>((cite book| title=Specimens of Polyautography, Consisting of Impressions taken from Original Drawings, Made on Stone purposely for this Work' | date=1803|  publisher=Philipp André| location=London|  url=http://primo.getty.edu/GRI:GETTY_ALMA21118663020001551))</ref> the first British publication of a collection of Lithographic plates, originally published by Philipp André in 1803,<ref>((cite web| title=''The beginnings of Lithography – "Polyautographs"''. Elizabeth Harvey Lee | url=http://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/planographic/lithography.htm))</ref> and then  reissued in an enlarged edition by Vollweiler in 1806-07.<ref>((cite web| title=Note on ''Specimens of Polyautography''|location=British Museum|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3553635&partId=1&museumno=1874,0711.903&page=1.   ))</ref> Barker's series of ''Rustic figures after nature'' published in Bath in 1813 in a small edition,<ref>((cite book| title=''Forty lithographic impressions from drawings by Thomas Barker, selected from his studies of Rustic Figures after Nature. Published by subscription at Bath. December 1813'' | date=1813|  publisher=Wood & Co, City printing Office| location=Bath| url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O877177/forty-lithographic-impressions-from-drawings-print-barker-thomas/1))</ref> is the first series of lithographs by a British single artist. Some of Barker's stones survive.<ref>((cite journal| title=Thomas Barker's Lithographic Stones|journal=Journal of the Printing Historical Society|  last1=Wyman |first1=Michael|volume=82 |pages=1–32 |date= 1978))</ref>
 
===Works===
There are six paintings by Barker in the [[Tate Gallery]],<ref name=tate2/> including ''A Woodman and his Dog in a Storm'' (originally presented to the National Gallery in 1868)<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/barker-the-woodman-and-his-dog-in-a-storm-n00792|title=A Woodman and his Dog in a Storm|publisher=The Tate Gallery|access-date=5 July 2012))</ref> and several landscapes.<ref name=tate2>((cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-barker-of-bath-19|title=Thomas Barker of Bath|publisher=The Tate Gallery|access-date=5 July 2012))</ref>

The British Museum holds a number of Barker's drawings and prints.

Three of Barker's paintings, ''Italian Landscape'' 1808, ''Landscape with a Waterfall'' and ''Landscape with Cattle'' are in [[Wolverhampton Art Gallery]].<ref>
((harvnb|Ellis|Roe|Dennis|2007|p=238))</ref>

A painting of [[Wooded landscape with gipsies round a camp fire]] turned out to be probably the work of Barker painted over an earlier work by [[Michael Dahl]], was featured on the BBC television series ''[[Fake or Fortune?]]'' in 2019.((sfn|Johnson|2019))((sfn|BBC|2019)) Barker's work on this subject was heavily inspired by [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough's]], and he painted several copies of ''The Gipsies'', as well as many gypsy works of his own.((sfn|McCallum|2003|p=29))
He used the grouping from Gainsborough's ''The Gipsies'' as the background to one of his 1789 self-portraits.((sfn|McCallum|2003|p=29))

In an episode of BBC's ''[[Britain's Lost Masterpieces]]'' broadcast in November 2019, a forest scene thought to be a copy of a famous painting by Gainsborough, was located at [[Birmingham Art Gallery]]. Following a full restoration by [[Simon Rollo Gillespie|Simon Gillespie]], the work was attributed Barker.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m000b1gs/britains-lost-masterpieces-series-4-2-birmingham|title=Britain's Lost Masterpieces - Series 4: 2. Birmingham|via=www.bbc.co.uk))</ref>

In 1825, Thomas Barker painted a fresco depicting the [[Chios Massacre]] on the walls of Doric House, [[Bath, Somerset]].<ref>YJC Cartledge, 'The Chios Massacre (1822) and early British Christian-humanitarianism', ''Historical Research'', vol. 93, no. 259 (February 2020), pp. 52-72, at pp. 60-61.</ref>

==Family==
As well as Thomas Barker, the Barker family produced several artists of note. As well as his father's ability, Thomas' younger brother [[Benjamin Barker (painter)|Benjamin Barker II]] (1776–1838) was also a talented artist known for his landscape work. Benjamin II exhibited at the Royal Academy and many of his works were engraved by [[Thales Fielding]] in aquatint. Barker's son, [[Thomas Jones Barker]] (1815–1882), followed his father and uncle into painting, studying at the studio of [[Horace Vernet]] in Paris. Many of Jones Barker's works were of a military nature, including ''Lord Clive's relief of Lucknow'' and ''The Allied generals before Sebastopol''.<ref name="llgc"/>

==References==
((reflist))

==Sources==
*Bryan, Michael. "Barker, Thomas" in ''Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers'', vol. I (A–K), London: George Bell & Sons, 1886.
*Dorment, Richard. "Thomas Barker of Bath," pages 9–12 in ''British Painting in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Seventeenth through the Nineteenth Century'', Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1986.
*((cite book|last1=Ellis |first1=Andy (director) |last2=Roe |first2=Sonia (editor) |last3=Dennis |first3=Georgina (catalogue coordinator) |display-authors=etal |title=Oil paintings in public ownership in Staffordshire |date=2007 |publisher=The Public Catalogue Foundation |location=London |isbn=978-1-904931-34-8 |page=238 ))
*((cite web|ref=((harvid|BBC|2019))|title=Fake Or Fortune? &mdash; The Lost Gainsborough|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2019/30/fake-or-fortune|website=BBC|date=2019-07-22 <!--date in original is 2019W30 -->))
*((cite news|author1-last=Johnson|author1-first=Amy|title=Fake or Fortune: 'What a mess!' Fiona Bruce stunned by 'lost' Gainsborough painting twist|url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1157989/Fake-or-Fortune-2019-Gainsborough-painting-Philip-Mould-Fiona-Bruce-Hugh-Belsey-BBC |newspaper=[[Daily Express]]|date=2019-07-25))
*((cite book|title=Thomas Barker of Bath: the artist and his circle|author1-first=Iain|author1-last=McCallum|publisher=Millstream Books|year=2003|isbn=9780948975677))

==External links==
*((Art UK bio))
*[https://www.artuk.org/discover/stories/thomas-barker-of-bath-imitator-copyist-and-chameleon Thomas Barker of Bath: imitator, copyist and chameleon] by Hugh Belsey at the [[Art UK]] site.
*[https://artuk.org/discover/artists/barker-i-benjamin-c-17201793 Works by Benjamin Barker], Barker's father, at the [[Art UK]] site
*[https://artuk.org/discover/artists/barker-joseph-17821809 Works by Joseph Barker], Barker's brother, at the [[Art UK]] site
*[https://artuk.org/discover/artists/barker-ii-benjamin-17761838 Works by Benjamin Barker, Jr.], Barker's brother, at the [[Art UK]] site
*[https://artuk.org/discover/artists/barker-thomas-jones-18151882 Works by Thomas Jones Barker], Barker's older son at the [[Art UK]] site
*[https://artuk.org/discover/artists/barker-john-joseph-18241904 Works by John Joseph Barker], Barker's younger son, at the [[Art UK]] site
*[https://www.artuk.org/discover/artists/barker-marianne-a-active-18101848 Works by Marianne A. Barker], Barker's niece (daughter of Benjamin Barker, Jr.), at the [[Art UK]] site

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((Use dmy dates|date=April 2017))

((DEFAULTSORT:Barker, Thomas))
[[Category:1769 births]]
[[Category:1847 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Welsh painters]]
[[Category:18th-century Welsh male artists]]
[[Category:19th-century Welsh painters]]
[[Category:19th-century Welsh male artists]]
[[Category:People from Pontypool]]
[[Category:Welsh male painters]]

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