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((short description|Member of the Parliament of England))

((For|others of a similar name|Thomas Cheney (disambiguation)|Thomas Cheyne (disambiguation)))

((Use dmy dates|date=December 2016))
((Use British English|date=December 2016))
[[File:Coat of arms of Sir Thomas Cheney, KG.png|thumb|243px|right|Arms of Sir Thomas Cheney, KG]]
[[File:Cheyne.jpg|thumb|243px|right|Letter from Sir Thomas Cheyne to John Monynge [Monyn], dated at [[Shurland Hall|Shurland]], 1 August [1547–1549]. The letter relates to orders from the [[Lord Protector]], [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset|Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset]], regent for the boy king, [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]]. It announces the despatch of letters by which the Duke has directed that 270 mariners be engaged for the royal service, within the liberties of the [[Cinque Ports]], who are to be at [[Gillingham, Kent|Gillingham]] by the 12th of the month. To Cheyne, this number seems excessive, because he has never raised more than 50 or 60 at a time, and there are evidently not enough men at Sturbourne available. Monyn is directed to raise 60 men at the very least. He says that John Anthony can give him the names of some mariners available in [[Isle of Thanet|Thanet]], and Cheyne thinks that some can be found at [[Dover]].]]
'''Sir Thomas Cheney''' (or '''Cheyne''') [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (c. 1485 – 16 December 1558) of the Blackfriars, [[City of London]] and Shurland, Isle of Sheppey, Kent,<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/cheyne-sir-thomas-148287-1558|title = CHEYNE, Sir Thomas (1482/87-1558), of the Blackfriars, London and Shurland, Isle of Sheppey, Kent. &#124; History of Parliament Online))</ref> was an English administrator and diplomat, [[Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports]] in [[South East England|south-east England]] from 1536 until his death.

==Early life==
Thomas Cheney, born about 1485, was the son of William Cheney (d.1487) of [[Shurland Hall]] near [[Eastchurch]], in the [[Isle of Sheppey]], [[Kent]], [[Constable]] of [[Queenborough Castle]] and [[High Sheriff of Kent|Sheriff of Kent]] in 1477, by his second wife, Margaret Young.((sfn|Lehmberg|2004))

Thomas Cheney's father, William, was the eldest surviving of eight sons and a daughter, and at his death in 1487 his property in Kent was inherited by Francis Cheney (d.1512), his son and heir by his first marriage, but was in the possession of Francis Cheney's uncle, [[John Cheyne, Baron Cheyne]] until the latter's death without issue in 1499. Baron Cheyne's heir, his brother, Robert Cheney, died without issue in 1503, at which time Francis Cheney 'wrongfully took possession of their lands in Berkshire and Kent which should by an earlier settlement have passed to John, the son of a younger brother Roger'. Francis Cheney died without issue in January 1512, and Thomas Cheney succeeded to his father William's lands; however the other properties wrongfully acquired by Francis Cheney were awarded in 1515 to his cousin, John son of Roger Cheyne (d. 1499) of West Woodhay, Berkshire.<ref name=history>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/cheyne-sir-thomas-148287-1558 Cheyne, Sir Thomas (1482/87-1558), of the Blackfriars, London and Shurland, Isle of Sheppey, Kent, History of Parliament] Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref>

==Career==
((more citations needed|section|date=May 2021))
Cheney was appointed [[High Sheriff of Kent|Sheriff of Kent]] in 1515,<ref name=history/> and was [[Justice of the Peace]] for Kent from 1526 until his death.

He was a favourite of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'s mistress, [[Anne Boleyn]], and she fought [[Cardinal Wolsey]] for his promotion in 1528 and 1529, although he later participated in bringing her down. However, it was not until 1535–40 that Cheney consolidated his authority as one of the most powerful men in the south-east of England. From [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'s coming to the throne of England in 1509, Cheney served as Lord Warden, spanning the reigns of all five of the [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] monarchs.  Cheney was present at the [[Field of the Cloth of Gold]] in 1520, and served three times as an ambassador to France, under the authority of Henry VIII and [[Charles V of France]], between 1549 and 1553. He was [[Treasurer of the Household]] from early 1530, and he is recorded as being present at over half of the Privy Council meetings held between 1540 and 1543.

He represented [[Kent (UK Parliament constituency)|Kent]] as a [[knight of the shire]] in every parliament from 1539 to 1558 with the single exception of the election in 1555.

Cheney was among those councillors entrusted with the government of the realm during Somerset's Scottish campaign of 1547. He was among those who sanctioned Gardiner's imprisonment in June 1548, and he was involved in the interrogation of Sir Thomas Seymour in 1549.((citation needed|date=May 2021))

In 1550, he became a [[privy counsellor]] and owner of the Manor of [[Ospringe]] (in the parish of [[Faversham]]).<ref>((cite journal |last=Hasted |first=Edward |year=1798 |title=Parishes |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=62988 |journal=The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |volume=6 |pages=499–531 |access-date=10 March 2014))</ref>

==Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports==
As the Constable of [[Saltwood]] Castle (near Hythe), Queenborough Castle (in Sheppey),  [[Rochester Castle]] and [[Dover Castle]], Lord Warden of the [[Cinque Ports]] and Lord Lieutenant of Kent (1551–3), Thomas Cheney was much 'involved with musters and coastal defence'. Sir Thomas Cheyne was appointed Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports on 17 May 1536 and appears to have been deprived of the office soon after [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]]'s accession, but was granted it back to him the following April.

In April 1545 Cheney suffered a bout of illness, and was temporarily replaced in his duties as the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports by Sir [[Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley|Thomas Seymour]], Hertford's brother. For the next four months Cheney delegated his responsibilities in the Cinque Ports and Kent to Seymour.

==Reign of Mary I==
Cheney opposed the plan to place [[Lady Jane Grey]] on the throne, and although he acquiesced with [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Northumberland]]'s policy, he pledged his support for [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] as soon as he felt it safe so to do. Mary sent him as ambassador to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] at Brussels in August 1553 to announce her accession to the throne. He was known by the title of his office as "Lord Warden".<ref>[[Diarmaid MacCulloch]], 'Vita Mariae Reginae of Robert Wingfield', ''Camden Miscellany'', XXVIII (London, 1987): Royall Tyler, ''Calendar State Papers, Spain, 1553'' (London, 1916), pp. 181-2: Charles Cooper, ''Appendices to a Report on Thomas Rymer's Foedera'' (London, 1869), p. 338.</ref>

In January 1554, Cheney gathered a force in Kent to resist [[Wyatt's rebellion]].<ref>[[David Loades]], ''Two Tudor Conspiracies'' (Cambridge: CUP, 1965), pp. 63–44.</ref> In London, there was a rumour that he held [[Dover Castle]] for the rebels.<ref>John Gough Nichols, ''Chronicle of Queen Jane'' (London: Camden Society, 1850), p. 36.</ref> So fickle a courtier was he that the Marian Court privately distrusted his loyalty during the outbreak of the rebellion by his friend and neighbour Sir [[Thomas Wyatt the younger|Thomas Wyatt]], but the very fact that he sent men against Northumberland indicates something of his position.<ref>David Loades, ''Two Tudor Conspiracies'' (Cambridge: CUP, 1965), pp. 83–84.</ref> Cheney was initially distrusted by Mary, as she confessed to the imperial ambassador [[Simon Renard]]. His early show of support proved shrewd as Cheney retained his position as Treasurer of the Household whilst other household officers were replaced.<ref>David Loades, ''The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England 1553-58'' (Longman, 1979), p. 42.</ref>

==Death==
Cheney died on 16 December 1558 at the [[Tower of London]],((sfn|Lehmberg|2004)) and was buried on 3 January 1559 in St Katherine's chapel of [[Minster, Swale|Minster Abbey]] on the Isle of Sheppey.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.minsterabbey.org.uk/3.html|title=Abbey - Minster Abbey|website=www.minsterabbey.org.uk))</ref> He was survived by his son, Henry, and three daughters, Anne, Frances and Katherine.((sfn|Lehmberg|2004)) His will and the elaborate proceedings at his funeral were entirely consistent with the orthodox Catholicism of the period, showing him to have been conservative. In his will dated 6 December 1558,((sfn|Mayer|2008|p=132)) Cheney mentioned various properties which together gave him an annual rent of over £950, and after his death it was estimated that he maintained between 200 and 300 servants and retainers.

==Marriages and issue==
Cheney married firstly, by 1515, Frideswide Frowyk (died c. 1528), the daughter of [[Thomas Frowyk|Sir Thomas Frowyk]],((sfn|Doe|2004))((sfn|Blaydes|1884|p=14))<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=65866 "Inquisitions: Henry VII", ''Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem for the City of London'': Part 1 (1896), pp. 5–27] Retrieved 14 August 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=62705 'Parishes: Shalbourne', ''A History of the County of Berkshire'': Volume 4 (1924), pp. 228–234] Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> by whom he had a son and three daughters:((sfn|Lehmberg|2004))

*John Cheney, who predeceased his father
*Anne Cheney (d. 1553), who married [[John Perrot|Sir John Perrot]], [[Lord Deputy of Ireland]]
*Frances Cheney (d. 1561), who married [[Nicholas Crispe (died 1564)|Nicholas Crispe]] (d. 1564)<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/crispe-%28cripse%29-nicholas-1530-64 Crispe, Nicholas (by 1530–64), of Whitstable, Kent, History of Parliament] Retrieved 21 August 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=62705 Parishes: Shalbourne', ''A History of the County of Berkshire'': Volume 4 (1924), pp. 228–234] Retrieved 23 August 2013.</ref>
*Katherine Cheney (d. before 1550), who married Sir Thomas Kempe((clarify|date=May 2021)) (d. 7 March 1591) of [[Olantigh]] in [[Wye, Kent]], by whom she had three daughters, Margaret Kempe, who married William Cromer (d. 12 May 1598); Anne Kempe, who married [[Thomas Shirley (died 1612)|Sir Thomas Shirley]], and Alice Kempe, who married firstly Sir James Hales (d. 1589), grandson of [[James Hales|Sir James Hales]] (d. 1554), and secondly [[Richard Lee (died 1608)|Sir Richard Lee]] (d.1608), illegitimate half-brother of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth's]] champion, [[Henry Lee (died 1611)|Sir Henry Lee]]((sfn|Richardson I|2011|p=327))((sfn|Richardson III|2011|p=276))((sfn|Chambers|1936|p=23))

According to Lennard, Anne, Frances and Katherine were all daughters of Cheney's first marriage:((sfn|Lennard|1904|p=200))

<blockquote>Sir Henry Cheyne, knight, summoned in 1572 as Lord Cheyne of Toddington, died s.p. in 1587, having wasted his estate. His three half-sisters, daughters of the first marriage of his father Sir Thomas Cheyne of Sheppey, K.G., were his coheirs. Anne Cheyne, the third of these, was the first wife of Sir John Perrot, the lord deputy of Ireland, and mother of [[Thomas Perrot|Sir Thomas Perrot]] his heir. Sir John Perrot, who was reckoned a bastard son of Henry VIII., died in 1592.</blockquote>

Cheney married secondly, by dispensation dated 24 May 1539, Anne Broughton (d. 16 May 1562), stepdaughter and ward of [[John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford]], and daughter of Sir John Broughton (d. 24 January 1518).((sfn|Copinger|1910|pp=156, 319))<ref>[http://www.kateemersonhistoricals.com/TudorWomenSa-Sn.htm Anne Sapcote (d. March 1558/9), A Who’s Who of Tudor Women: Sa–Sn compiled by Kathy Lynn Emerson to update and correct ''Wives and Daughters: The Women of Sixteenth-Century England'' (1984)] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053343/http://www.kateemersonhistoricals.com/TudorWomenSa-Sn.htm |date=21 September 2013 )) Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> of [[Toddington, Bedfordshire]], by Anne Sapcote (d. 14 March 1559), and granddaughter of [[Robert Broughton (died 1506)|Sir Robert Broughton]] by his first wife, Katherine de Vere, said to have been the illegitimate daughter of [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford]],((sfn|Blaydes|1886|p=187))<ref name=history/> by whom he had a son, [[Henry Cheyne, 1st Baron Cheyne]] of Toddington, and a daughter.((sfn|Lehmberg|2004)) There is a monument to Cheyney's second wife at Toddington.((sfn|Pollard|1901|p=422))((sfn|Nichols|1846|p=156))

Cheney also had an illegitimate son and daughter.((sfn|Lehmberg|2004))<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22603 'Willesden: Manors', ''A History of the County of Middlesex'': Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 208–216]. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

===Sources===
*((Cite journal |editor-last=Blaydes |editor-first=Frederic Augustus |year=1886 |title=Loring Family of Chalgrave |journal=Bedfordshire Notes and Queries |location=Bedford |publisher=Arthur Ransom |volume=I |page=187 |url=https://archive.org/stream/bedfordshirenot02unkngoog#page/n201/mode/2up |access-date=18 August 2013 ))
*((Cite book |last=Blaydes |first=Frederic Augustus |year=1884 |title=The Visitations of Bedfordshire |location=London |publisher=Harleian Society |volume=XIX |page=14 |url=https://archive.org/stream/visitationsofbed19blay#page/14/mode/2up |access-date=18 August 2013 ))
*((Cite book |last=Chambers |first=E.K. |year=1936 |title=Sir Henry Lee; An Elizabethan Portrait |url=https://archive.org/details/sirhenryleeeliza00cham_0 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press ))
*((Cite book |last=Copinger |first=W.A. |year=1910 |title=The Manors of Suffolk |location=Manchester |publisher=Taylor, Garnett, Evans and Co. Ltd. |volume=6 |pages=156, 319 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092579592#page/n167/mode/2up |access-date=18 August 2013 ))
*((Cite ODNB |last=Doe |first=Norman |year=2004 |title=Frowyk, Sir Thomas (c.1460–1506) |id=10206))
*((Cite ODNB |last=Lehmberg |first=Stanford |year=2004 |title=Cheyne, Sir Thomas (c.1485–1558) |id=5263))
*((Cite journal |last=Lennard |first=T. Barrett |year=1904 |title=Sir Francis Barnham |journal=The Ancestor |editor1-last=Barron |editor1-first=Oswald |location=Westminster |publisher=Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd. |number=IX |pages=191–209 |url=https://archive.org/stream/ancestorquarterl09lond#page/200/mode/2up/ |access-date=18 August 2013 ))
*((Cite book |last=Mayer |first=Thomas F. and Courtney B. Walters |year=2008 |title=The Correspondence of Reginald Pole |location=Aldershot, Hampshire |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |volume=IV |pages=132–3 |isbn=9780754603290 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_daeDoWdQ0cC&pg=PA132 |access-date=22 August 2013 ))
*((Cite journal |editor-last=Nichols |editor-first=John Gough |year=1846 |title=A Summary Catalogue of Monumental Art Existing in Parish Churches: Bedfordshire |journal=The Topographer and Genealogist |location=London |publisher=John Bowyer Nichols and Son |volume=I |pages=154–60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA156 |access-date=23 August 2013 ))
*((Cite encyclopedia |last=Pollard |first=Albert Frederick |year=1901 |title=Cheyne, Thomas |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=1901 supplement |pages=421–3 |url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cheyne,_Thomas_%28DNB01%29 |access-date=23 August 2013 ))
*((Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |year=2011 |edition=2nd |volume=I |isbn=978-1449966379 |ref = ((sfnref|Richardson I|2011)) ))
*((Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume=II |page=276 |ref=((sfnref |Richardson II |2011)) |isbn=978-1449966379 ))
*((Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Douglas |year=2011 |title=Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families |editor-first=Kimball G. |editor-last=Everingham |location=Salt Lake City |edition=2nd |volume=III |page=276 |ref=((sfnref |Richardson III |2011)) |isbn=978-1449966393 ))

==External links==
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/Details?uri=D946899 Will of Sir Thomas Cheyney or Chayney, Treasurer of the Queen's Majesty's Most Honorable Household, proved 25 April 1559, PROB 11/42B/105, National Archives] Retrieved 21 August 2013

((s-start))
((s-off))
((succession box |
  before=[[Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset|The Duke of Richmond and Somerset]] |
  title=[[Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports]] |
  years=1536–1542 |
  after=[[Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle|The Viscount Lisle]]
))
((succession box |
  before=[[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester|Sir William Paulet]] |
  title=[[Treasurer of the Household]] |
  years=1539–1558 |
  after=[[Thomas Parry (Comptroller of the Household)|Sir Thomas Parry]]
))
((succession box |
  before=[[Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle|The Viscount Lisle]] |
  title=[[Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports]] |
  years=1542–1558<br />''(jointly with '''[[Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley|Thomas Seymour]]''', 1545)'' |
  after=[[William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham|The Lord Cobham]]
))
((succession box | title=[[Lord-Lieutenant of Kent]] | before=Not applicable | years= 1551–1553? | after=[[William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham|The Lord Cobham]]))
((s-end))
((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Cheney, Thomas))
[[Category:1480s births]]
[[Category:1558 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Kent]]
[[Category:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports]]
[[Category:People from the Isle of Sheppey]]
[[Category:Treasurers of the Household]]
[[Category:Cheyne family|Thomas]]
[[Category:High Sheriffs of Kent]]
[[Category:English MPs 1529–1536]]
[[Category:English MPs 1539–1540]]
[[Category:English MPs 1542–1544]]
[[Category:English MPs 1545–1547]]
[[Category:English MPs 1547–1552]]
[[Category:English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)]]
[[Category:English MPs 1553 (Mary I)]]
[[Category:English MPs 1554]]
[[Category:English MPs 1554–1555]]
[[Category:English MPs 1558]]
[[Category:People from Hythe, Kent]]

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Return to Thomas Cheney.

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