Thomas or Tom Matthews may refer to:

• Thomas Matthews (actor) (1805–1889), British actor and pantomimist
• Thomas Matthews (engineer) (1849–1930), British civil engineer
• Tom Matthews (trade unionist) (1866-1915), British-born trade unionist active in the US and South Africa
• Stanley Matthews (judge) (Thomas Stanley Matthews, 1824–1889), American judge
• T. S. Matthews (Thomas Stanley Matthews, 1901–1991), American editor for Time magazine, grandson of Stanley
• Thomas A. Matthews, American astronomer
• Thomas Matthews (English cricketer) (1845–1932), English cricketer
• Thomas Matthews (Australian cricketer) (1905–1990), Australian cricketer
• Thomas Matthews (cyclist) (1884–1969), British cyclist
• Thomas Matthews (table tennis) (born 1992), British Paralympic table tennis player
• Thomas Matthews (colonel), United States Army colonel

Fictional

• Thomas Matthews (Dexter), a character in the American television drama series Dexter