Tibetan
RangeU+0F00..U+0FFF
(256 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsTibetan (207 char.)
Common (4 char.)
Major alphabetsTibetan
Dzongkha
Assigned211 code points
Unused45 reserved code points
2 deprecated
Unicode version history
2.0 (1996)168 (+168)
3.0 (1999)193 (+25)
4.1 (2005)195 (+2)
5.1 (2008)201 (+6)
5.2 (2009)205 (+4)
6.0 (2010)211 (+6)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2]
When unifying with ISO 10646, the original Tibetan block was removed in Unicode 1.0.1.[3] The current block (with a new encoding model and a different range) was introduced in version 2.0.

Tibetan is a Unicode block containing characters for the Tibetan, Dzongkha, and other languages of China, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, northern India, eastern Pakistan and Russia.

Block

Tibetan[1][2][3]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+0F0x ༀ ༁ ༂ ༃ ༄ ༅ ༆ ༇ ༈ ༉ ༊ ་ ༌
 NB  		། ༎ ༏
U+0F1x ༐ ༑ ༒ ༓ ༔ ༕ ༖ ༗ ༘ ༙ ༚ ༛ ༜ ༝ ༞ ༟
U+0F2x ༠ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩ ༪ ༫ ༬ ༭ ༮ ༯
U+0F3x ༰ ༱ ༲ ༳ ༴ ༵ ༶ ༷ ༸ ༹ ༺ ༻ ༼ ༽ ༾ ༿
U+0F4x ཀ ཁ ག གྷ ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཊ ཋ ཌ ཌྷ ཎ ཏ
U+0F5x ཐ ད དྷ ན པ ཕ བ བྷ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཛྷ ཝ ཞ ཟ
U+0F6x འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ཥ ས ཧ ཨ ཀྵ ཪ ཫ ཬ
U+0F7x ཱ ི ཱི ུ ཱུ ྲྀ ཷ ླྀ ཹ ེ ཻ ོ ཽ ཾ ཿ
U+0F8x ྀ ཱྀ ྂ ྃ ྄ ྅ ྆ ྇ ྈ ྉ ྊ ྋ ྌ ྍ ྎ ྏ
U+0F9x ྐ ྑ ྒ ྒྷ ྔ ྕ ྖ ྗ ྙ ྚ ྛ ྜ ྜྷ ྞ ྟ
U+0FAx ྠ ྡ ྡྷ ྣ ྤ ྥ ྦ ྦྷ ྨ ྩ ྪ ྫ ྫྷ ྭ ྮ ྯ
U+0FBx ྰ ྱ ྲ ླ ྴ ྵ ྶ ྷ ྸ ྐྵ ྺ ྻ ྼ ྾ ྿
U+0FCx ࿀ ࿁ ࿂ ࿃ ࿄ ࿅ ࿆ ࿇ ࿈ ࿉ ࿊ ࿋ ࿌ ࿎ ࿏
U+0FDx ࿐ ࿑ ࿒ ࿓ ࿔ ࿕ ࿖ ࿗ ࿘ ࿙ ࿚
U+0FEx
U+0FFx
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
3.^ Unicode code points U+0F77 and U+0F79 are deprecated in Unicode 5.2 and later

Former Tibetan block

Tibetan (Unicode 1.0.0)
RangeU+1000..U+104F
(80 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsTibetan
Major alphabetsTibetan
Dzongkha
StatusDeleted prior to the release of Unicode 2.0
Now occupied byMyanmar
Unicode version history
1.0.0 (1991)71 (+71)
1.0.1 (1992)0 (-71)
Chart
Code chart
Note: When unifying with ISO 10646, the original Tibetan block was deleted in Unicode 1.0.1.[3] Tibetan was later reintroduced with a new encoding model for Unicode 2.0.

The Tibetan Unicode block is unique for having been allocated in version 1.0.0 with a virama-based encoding that was unable to distinguish visible srog med and conjunct consonant correctly.[note 1] This encoding was removed from the Unicode Standard in version 1.0.1 in the process of unifying with ISO 10646 for version 1.1,[3] then reintroduced as an explicit root/subjoined encoding, with a larger block size, in version 2.0. Moving or removing existing characters has been prohibited by the Unicode Stability Policy for all versions following Unicode 2.0, so the Tibetan characters encoded in Unicode 2.0 and all subsequent versions are immutable.

The range of the former Unicode 1.0.0 Tibetan block has been occupied by the Myanmar block since Unicode 3.0. In Microsoft Windows, collation data referring to the old Tibetan block was retained as late as Windows XP, and removed in Windows 2003.[4]

Tibetan (Unicode 1.0.0)[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+100x ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཊ ཋ ཌ ཎ ཏ ཐ ད ན
U+101x པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ཥ
U+102x ས ཧ ཨ ི ྀ ུ ེ ོ ྅ ཿ ཾ ༽
U+103x ༷ ྾ ༄ ། ་ ྃ ྂ ༔ ༑ ༈ ༵ ༼ ཻ ཽ
U+104x ༠ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩ ༎ ྄ ༹
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 1.0.0. Characters are shown by means of corresponding code points in Unicode 2.0 and all subsequent versions.
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Tibetan block:

Version Final code points[a] Count UTC ID L2 ID WG2 ID Document
2.0 U+0F00..0F47, 0F49..0F69, 0F71..0F8B, 0F90..0F95, 0F97, 0F99..0FAD, 0FB1..0FB7, 0FB9 168 X3L2/92-144 N808 Lofting, Peter; Ross, Hugh McGregor (1992-05-13), Comments on Tibetan Script
N1095 Zhaxi, Nima, Proposal for encoding Tibetan script on BMP
N1185 Proposal for encoding Tibetan script on BMP of ISO/IEC 10646
N1159 New consolidated Tibetan Proposal, 1995-03-10
N1192 Proposal Summary Form, Tibetan, 1995-03-28
N1203 Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-05-03), "RESOLUTION M27.22", Unconfirmed minutes of SC2/WG2 Meeting 27, Geneva
UTC/1995-029 Everson, Michael, Tibetan Character Set for Information Interchange (code chart)
UTC/1995-024B Lofting, Peter (1995-05-31), Updated Tibetan Code Chart (U+xx00 - U+xxFF)
UTC/1995-xxx "Tibetan Proposal and Report of Ad Hoc Committee", Unicode Technical Committee Meeting #65, Minutes, 1995-06-02
N1227 Anderson, Lloyd (1995-06-21), Tibetan in 10646
N1238 Proposal for encoding Tibetan script on BMP, 1995-06-24
X3L2/95-090 N1253 (doc, txt) Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-09-09), "6.4.5", Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 Meeting # 28 in Helsinki, Finland; 1995-06-26--27
N1263 Everson, Michael (1995-09-18), On the Complexity of Tibetan Character Names
N1538 Table of Replies and Feedback on Amendment 6 – Tibetan, 1997-01-29
L2/97-126 N1562 Paterson, Bruce (1997-05-27), Draft Report on JTC1 letter ballot on DAM No. 6 to ISO/IEC 10646-1 (Tibetan)
N1571 Paterson, Bruce (1997-06-23), Almost Final Text – DAM 6 – Tibetan
L2/97-288 N1603 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "5.3.2", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June - 4 July 1997
N1739 Paterson, Bruce (1998-05-06), Defect Report on AMD 6 - Tibetan
L2/99-010 N1903 (pdf, html, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "11.2", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25
L2/01-301 Whistler, Ken (2001-08-01), "3-part Tibetan vowel signs with a-chung's", Analysis of Character Deprecation in the Unicode Standard
L2/03-267 Duff, Tony (2003-08-18), Comments on Public Review Issue #12 (Terminal Punctuation)
L2/03-268 Fynn, Christopher (2003-08-18), Unicode Tibetan [explanation of Unicode in Tibetan]
L2/05-073 Freytag, Asmus; Fynn, Christopher (2005-02-09), Basic line Breaking rules for Tibetan, Dzongkha, & Ladakhi
L2/08-287 Davis, Mark (2008-08-04), Public Review Issue #122: Proposal for Additional Deprecated Characters
L2/08-304 Fynn, Christopher (2008-08-09), Tibetan Chars in PR 122
L2/08-253R2 Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Consensus 116-C13", UTC #116 Minutes, Change the deprecated property by removing 0340, 0341, 17D3, and adding 0149, 0F77, 0F79, 17A4, 2329, 232A.
L2/08-328 (html, xls) Whistler, Ken (2008-10-14), Spreadsheet of Deprecation and Discouragement
L2/11-261R2 Moore, Lisa (2011-08-16), "Consensus 128-C6", UTC #128 / L2 #225 Minutes, Change the general category from "So" to "Po" ... [U+0F14]
3.0 U+0F6A, 0F96, 0FAE..0FB0, 0FB8, 0FBA..0FBC, 0FBE..0FCC, 0FCF 25 L2/98-024 N1660 Everson, Michael (1997-12-08), Proposal to encode Tibetan Extensions in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/98-070 Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "3.A.2. item c. Tibetan Extensions", Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998
L2/98-218 N1756 Anderson, Lloyd; Chilton, Robert; Duff, Tony; Everson, Michael; Fynn, Christopher; McGowan, Rick; Sirlin, Sam; Whistler, Ken; Умаков, Валерий (1998-05-27), Proposal for Tibetan Extensions to the UCS
L2/98-286 N1703 Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.8", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20
L2/98-281R (pdf, html) Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "Extended Tibetan (IV.D.1.a)", Unconfirmed Minutes - UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998
N1864 Comments on N1756 - Tibetan Extensions, 1998-09-17
L2/98-330 N1921 Subdivision Proposal on JTC 1.02.18.01 for Amendment 31: Tibetan Extension to ISO/IEC 10646-1, 1998-10-28
L2/98-331 N1922 Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 31, AMENDMENT 31: Tibetan Extension, 1998-10-28
L2/99-010 N1903 (pdf, html, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.1.4 and 11.2", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25
L2/99-079.2 N1977R DRAFT Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3212, 1999-01-19
L2/99-079.1 N1979R Chinese Comments on SC 2 N 3212, 1999-01-27
N1977 Chinese comments on ISO/IEC 10646-1/PDAM 31: Tibetan Extension, 1999-01-27
L2/99-079 Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3212, PDAM ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 31: Tibetan Extension, 1999-02-12
N2022 Paterson, Bruce (1999-04-05), FPDAM 31 Text - Tibetan Extensions
L2/99-111 Text for FPDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646, Amd. 31 - Tibetan extensions, 1999-04-06
L2/99-232 N2003 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1999-08-03), "6.1.5 PDAM31 - Tibetan Extensions", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 36, Fukuoka, Japan, 1999-03-09--15
L2/99-256 N2070 Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3310, ISO 10646-1/FPDAM 31 - Tibetan extension, 1999-08-19
L2/99-307 N2129 Paterson, Bruce (1999-09-20), Disposition of Comments Report on SC 2 N 3310, ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM 31, AMD. 31: Tibetan extension
L2/99-308 N2130 Paterson, Bruce (1999-10-01), Revised Text for FDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646-1/FDAM 31, - AMD. 31: Tibetan extension
L2/99-352 N2130R ISO 10646-1, Amd. #31 -- Tibetan with correct code charts, 1999-11-01
L2/99-361 Everson, Michael (1999-11-09), Corrected text for ISO/IEC 10646-1/FDAM 31 -- Tibetan extension
L2/00-010 N2103 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-01-05), "6.4.6", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-13--16
L2/00-071 Table of replies on ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993/FDAM 31: Tibetan Extensions, 2000-03-02
4.1 U+0FD0..0FD1 2 L2/04-007 N2694 Everson, Michael; Fynn, Christopher (2003-12-30), Proposal to encode two Bhutanese marks for Dzongkha in the UCS
5.1 U+0F6B..0F6C 2 L2/05-338 N3010 West, Andrew (2005-10-25), Comments on N2985 -- Balti Tibetan additions
L2/05-279 Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Tibetan (C.7)", UTC #105 Minutes
N2953 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "7.4.13", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15
L2/06-231 Moore, Lisa (2006-08-17), "Scripts - Tibetan characters for Balti", UTC #108 Minutes
N3153 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.4", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29
L2/06-324R2 Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "Consensus 109-C2", UTC #109 Minutes
L2/05-244 N2985 Everson, Michael (2009-09-04), Proposal to add four Tibetan characters for Balti to the BMP of the UCS
U+0FCE 1 L2/05-345R N3011 West, Andrew (2005-10-24), Proposal to encode one Tibetan astrological character
L2/05-279 Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Tibetan (C.7)", UTC #105 Minutes
N3103 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.20a", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27
U+0FD2..0FD4 3 L2/05-346 N3012 West, Andrew (2005-10-24), Proposal to encode three archaic Tibetan characters
L2/05-347 Fynn, Christopher (2005-10-27), Comments on: N3012 - Proposal to encode three archaic Tibetan characters
L2/05-364 Fynn, Christopher (2005-11-03), Re: New Tibetan Proposals
L2/05-279 Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Tibetan (C.7)", UTC #105 Minutes
L2/06-043 N3032 West, Andrew (2006-01-30), Proposal to encode one Tibetan punctuation mark
L2/06-044 N3033 West, Andrew (2006-01-30), Proposal to encode two archaic Tibetan punctuation marks
L2/06-008R2 Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "C.13", UTC #106 Minutes
N3103 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.20b, M48.20c", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27
N3153 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.1e", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29
L2/08-317 Muller, Eric (2008-08-11), "1.8", South Asia Subcommittee Report
L2/08-253R2 Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Vedic (B.15.2, E.1)", UTC #116 Minutes
5.2 U+0FD5..0FD8 4 N3353 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-10-10), "M51.19", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 51 Hanzhou, China; 2007-04-24/27
L2/07-148 N3268 Everson, Michael; Fynn, Christopher; Scharf, Peter; West, Andrew (2007-05-09), Proposal to encode four religious characters in the Tibetan block
L2/07-118R2 Moore, Lisa (2007-05-23), "Consensus 111-C19", UTC #111 Minutes
L2/09-060 N3537 Lata, Swaran (2008-10-14), Proposal to add India specific annotation to Right facing Svasti
L2/08-379 Suignard, Michel (2008-10-21), "Ireland T5", Disposition of comments on SC2 N 3989 (PDAM text for Amendment 6 to ISO/IEC 10646:2003)
6.0 U+0F8C..0F8F 4 L2/09-032 N3568 West, Andrew; Fynn, Christopher (2009-01-24), Proposal to encode four Tibetan-Sanskrit letters used in Kalacakra texts
L2/09-003R Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "B.15.11", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes
L2/09-234 N3603 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2009-07-08), "M54.13d", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54
U+0FD9..0FDA 2 L2/09-033 N3569 West, Andrew (2009-01-24), Proposal to encode two Tibetan annotation marks
L2/09-003R Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "B.15.11", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes
L2/09-234 N3603 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2009-07-08), "M54.13e", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54
  1. ^ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

Footnotes

  1. ^ In most Unicode Indic encodings, although one can force the system to display a visible halanta by using the zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ) or force the use of a non‑conjunct joining form using the zero-width joiner (ZWJ), there is no method to force a conjunct consonant rendering, which is crucial when writing Tibetan. Some exceptions exist: for instance, Sinhala uses ZWJ to force a conjunct.

References

  1. ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. ^ a b c "Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  4. ^ Kaplan, Michael (2007-08-28). "Every character has a story #29: U+1000^H^H^H^H0f40, (TIBETAN or MYANMAR LETTER KA, depending on when you ask)". Sorting it all out.
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