The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Luanda, Angola.

16th–18th centuries

Precolonial history	to 1575
Colonization	1575–1641
Dutch occupation	1641–1648
Colonial history	1648–1951
Portuguese province	1951–1961
War of Independence	1961–1974
Sovereign socialist state	1975–1992
Civil War	1975–2002

Years in Angola

1530s – "Portuguese establish a slave-trading station."^[1]
1575 – Church built on Ilha de Luanda.^{[citation needed]}
1576
- São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda founded by Portuguese Paulo Dias de Novais.^[2]^[3]
- Fortress of São Miguel built.
1605 – Settlement recognized as a city.^[2]
1618 – Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra built.^{[citation needed]}
1623 – Jesuit college founded.^[4]
1634 – Fortress of São Miguel rebuilt.^{[citation needed]}
1641 – Capture of Luanda by Dutch.^[5]^[3]
1648 – Returned to being a Portuguese possession.^[3]
1679 – Cathedral of Luanda built.
1684 – Bishop's seat relocated to Luanda from São Salvador.
1764 – Arquivo Historico de Angola organized.^[6]
1766 – Fortress of São Francisco do Penedo rebuilt.^{[citation needed]}
1769 – Aula de Geometria e Fortificacao (educational institution) founded.^[2]
1781 – Population: 9,755.^[7]
1796 – Population: 7,204.^[7]

19th century

1816 – Population: 4,689.^[7]
1836 – Slave trade declared illegal.^[8]
1844
- Port opens to foreign shipping.^[8]
- Population: 5,605.^[8]
1850 – Population: 12,565.^[8]
1865 – Banco Nacional Ultramarino branch opens.^[9]
1873 – Biblioteca Municipal established.^[10]
1881 – O Echo de Angola begins publication.^[11]
1889 – Luanda Railway and aqueduct begin operating.
1896 – Palácio de Ferro (iron palace) assembled.^[12]

20th century

1908 – Voz de Angola newspaper begins publication.^[13]
1910 – Population: 15,000 (approximate).^[3]
1913 – Angolan League founded in Luanda.^[5]
1923 – A Provincia de Angola newspaper begins publication.^[13]
1930 – Diario de Luanda newspaper begins publication.^[13]
1940
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda established.^[14]
- Population: 61,028.^[15]
1942 – Liceu Salvador Correia de Sa (school) built.^[16]
1950 – Population: 141,647.^[17]
1951 – Mensagem literary magazine begins publication.^[18]
1954 – General Craveiro Lopes Airport inaugurated.^[19]
1956
- Museu Nacional de História Natural de Angola (Natural History Museum of Angola) built.^[20]
- People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola headquartered in Luanda.
1958 – Petroleum refinery built by Fina Petroleos de Angola.^[21]
1960 – Population: 224,540.^[15]
1962 – Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola founded.
1964 – Cine Atlântico [pt] (cinema) built.^[19]
1969 – National Library of Angola founded.^[10]
1970 – Population: 475,328 urban agglomeration.^[22]
1975
- June: Angolan Civil War begins.^[23]
- 11 November: City becomes part of independent Republic of Angola.^[24]
- União dos Escritores Angolano (writer's union) established.^[25]
- Televisao Publica de Angola headquartered in city.^[23]
1976
- Museu Nacional de Antropologia (National Anthropology Museum) and Grupo Desportivo Interclube football club founded.
- National Bank of Angola headquartered in city.^[9]
1978 – Angola Red Cross and Cinemateca Nacional de Angola headquartered in city.^[26]
1979
- University of Angola established.
- 17 September: Funeral of Agostinho Neto.^[27]
1980 – Empresa de Electricidade de Luanda (electricity company),^[28] Atlético Petróleos de Luanda football club, and National Centre for Historical Documentation and Research established.^[29]
1981 – August–September: Central African Games held in city.
1985 – City joins the newly formed União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas [pt].
1988 – Elinga Theater established.^[30]
1989 – October: International Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa meets in Luanda.^[31]
1991 – October: UNITA headquarters relocated to Luanda from Jamba.^[23]
1992
- Luanda Antena Comercial (radio) begins broadcasting.^[32]
- 30 October-1 November: Three Day War.^[5]
1993 – Population: 1,822,407 (urban agglomeration).^[33]
1997
- Jornal do Rangel newspaper begins publication.^[34]
- National Museum of Slavery founded.
1999
- Catholic University of Angola and Cha de Caxinde publishing firm founded.^[34]
- January: UNITA-R congress held in city.^[23]
2000 – Population: 2,591,000 (urban agglomeration).^[35]

21st century

2001 – Boa Vista shantytown residents evicted.^[34]
2003 – Estádio Joaquim Dinis built.
2005 – Population: 3,533,000 (urban agglomeration).^[35]
2006 – African Diamond Producers Association headquartered in city.^[34]
2007
- Feira Internacional de Luanda (international fair) established.^[36]
- January: Flooding.^[37]
- Edificio GES, Edificio Sonangol, and Torres Atlantico towers built.
2008 – Construction of Angola International Airport begins.
2009
- Estádio 11 de Novembro opens.
- Luanda International Jazz Festival begins.
- March: Catholic pope visits city; stampede at Estádio dos Coqueiros.^[38]^[39]
- Francisca Espírito Santo becomes governor of Luanda Province (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
2010
- Luanda Railway resumes operating.
- Edificio Zimbo Tower built.
2011
- Intercontinental Hotel built.
- Jose Maria dos Santos becomes governor of Luanda Province (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
- Population: 5,068,000.^[40]
2012
- Angola Sovereign Wealth Fund headquartered in city.^[41]
- Political protest.^[41]
- Kilamba housing development built near city.^[40]^[42]
2013 – 1 January: Stampede at Estádio da Cidadela.
2014 – Graciano Francisco Domingos becomes governor of Luanda Province (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
2018 – Population: 2,487,444 (estimate, urban agglomeration).^[43]
2021 – Lusophony Games to be held in Luanda.

References

Bibliography

Published in 19th century[edit]

Richard Brookes (1820), "Loanda", The General Gazetteer (17th ed.), London: F.C. and J. Rivington
"Loanda". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1898.

Published in 20th century[edit]

Esteves Pereira; Guilherme Rodrigues, eds. (1909). "Loanda". Portugal: Diccionario Historico... (in Portuguese). Vol. 4. Lisbon: Joao Romano Torres. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t1xd4tg47. OCLC 865826167.
"Loanda" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 834–835.
C. R. Boxer (1965), Portuguese society in the tropics: the municipal councils of Goa, Macao, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510–1800, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, OCLC 518169
Ilídio do Amaral [in Portuguese] (1968). Luanda: estudo de geografia urbana (in Portuguese). Lisboa.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Michael Hugo-Brunt (1968), "Angola", Portuguese Planning and Architecture on the Sea Route to the Orient, Exchange Bibliography, US: Council of Planning Librarians, pp. 536–589, ISSN 0010-9959 (Includes Luanda)
Joseph C. Miller (1974). "The Archives of Luanda, Angola". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 7.
Ilídio do Amaral (1983). "Luanda e os seus 'muceques', problemas de Geografia usbuna". lt=Finisterra |Finisterra (journal) (in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa. 18. ISSN 0430-5027.
David Birmingham (1988). "Carnival at Luanda". Journal of African History. 29.
M.C. Mendes (1988). "Slum Housing in Luanda". In Robert A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga (ed.). Slum and squatter settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: toward a planning strategy. Praeger.
Christine Messiant (1989). "Luanda 1945–1961: colonises, societe coloniale et engagement nationaliste". In M. Cahen (ed.). Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone (in French).
L. Colaco (1992). "Luanda: Contexto Demografico e Desigualdades Espaciais". Cadernos Populacao e Desenvolvimento (in Portuguese). 1.
José C. Curto (1992). "A Quantitative Reassessment of the Legal Portuguese Slave Trade from Luanda, Angola, 1710–1830". African Economic History. 20.
P. Jenkins; et al. (1992). "City Profile: Luanda". Cities. 19. doi:10.1016/s0264-2751(02)00010-0.
José C. Curto (1999). "Anatomy of a Demographic Explosion: Luanda, 1844-1850". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 32 (2/3): 381–405. doi:10.2307/220347. JSTOR 220347. PMID 21812156.

Published in 21st century[edit]

2000s

José C. Curto; Raymond R. Gervais (2001). "Population History of Luanda during the Late Atlantic Slave Trade, 1781-1844" (PDF). African Economic History. 29 (29): 1–59. JSTOR 3601706 – via New York Public Library.
Paul Robson (2001). "Communities and Community Institutions in Luanda, Angola". In Arne Tostensen; et al. (eds.). Associational Life in African Cities: Popular Responses to the Urban Crisis. Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. p. 250+. ISBN 978-91-7106-465-3.
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Luanda, Angola". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
Marissa J. Moorman (2004). "Dueling Bands and Good Girls: Gender, Music, and Nation in Luanda's Musseques, 1961-1974". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 37.
Marissa Moorman (2004). "Putting on a Pano and Dancing Like Our Grandparents: Nation and Dress in Late Colonial Luanda". In Jean Allman (ed.). Fashioning Africa: Power and the Politics of Dress. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253111043.
Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Luanda". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues (2007). "From Family Solidarity to Social Classes: Urban Stratification in Angola (Luanda and Ondjiva)". Journal of Southern African Studies. 33.
Marissa J. Moorman (2008). Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation in Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-4304-0. (review in H-Luso-Africa)
Catarina Madeira Santos (2008). "Luanda". In Liam Matthew Brockey (ed.). Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754663133.
"Angola: The high cost of living in Luanda". Global Voices. 9 November 2009. ((cite web)): Missing or empty |url= (help)

2010s

P. Jenkins (2011), Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn (ed.), "Maputo and Luanda", Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness, Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, ISBN 978-2-8697-8495-6
Sílvia Leiria Viegas (2012), Urbanization in Luanda – via International Planning History Society
Arlindo Manuel Caldeira (2013), "Luanda in the 17th Century: Diversity and Cultural Interaction in the Process of Forming an Afro-Atlantic City", Nordic Journal of African Studies, 22
Roquinaldo Ferreira (2013). "Slavery and the Social and Cultural Landscapes of Luanda". In Jorge Canizares-Esguerra; et al. (eds.). Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0813-9.
Carlos Nunes Silva, ed. (2015). Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries. UK: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1472444882. (Includes articles about Luanda)
Sílvia Leiria Viegas (2016). "Urbanisation and Peri-Urbanisation in Luanda: A Geopolitical and Socio-Spatial Perspective from the Late Colonial Period to the Present". Journal of Southern African Studies. 42 (4).
Vanessa de Pacheco Melo (2016). "Production of Urban Peripheries For and By Low-Income Populations at the Turn of the Millennium: Maputo, Luanda and Johannesburg". Journal of Southern African Studies. 42 (4).

External links

Years in Angola (1975–present)

Years in Angola (1975–present)
Pre-1975 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Timelines of cities in Africa

Timelines of cities in Africa
North	Algeria Algiers Batna [fr] Oran Egypt Alexandria Cairo Port Said Libya Benghazi Tripoli Morocco Casablanca Fez Marrakesh Meknes Rabat Salé [fr] Tangier Sudan Khartoum Tunisia Tunis
West	Benin Cotonou Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Cape Verde Praia Ghana Accra Guinea Conakry Guinea-Bissau Bissau Ivory Coast Abidjan Liberia Monrovia Mali Bamako Mauritania Nouakchott Niger Niamey Nigeria Ibadan Kano Lagos Port Harcourt Senegal Dakar Saint-Louis Sierra Leone Freetown Togo Lomé
Central	Cameroon Douala Yaoundé Central African Republic Bangui Congo Republic Brazzaville DR Congo Bukavu Goma Kinshasa Kisangani Lubumbashi Gabon Libreville
East	Burundi Bujumbura Djibouti Djibouti Eritrea Asmara Ethiopia Addis Ababa Mekelle Kenya Mombasa Nairobi Rwanda Kigali Tanzania Dar es Salaam Zanzibar Uganda Kampala
South	Angola Benguela Luanda Botswana Gaborone Madagascar Antananarivo Malawi Lilongwe Mauritius Port Louis Mozambique Beira Maputo Namibia Windhoek South Africa Cape Town Durban Johannesburg Pietermaritzburg Port Elizabeth Pretoria Zambia Lusaka Zimbabwe Bulawayo Harare
Category:City timelines Lists of cities in Africa

16th–18th centuries

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

Published in 19th century[edit]

Published in 20th century[edit]

Published in 21st century[edit]

External links