Prior to 20th century
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- 197 BCE - Roman colony Salernum founded at site of former Etruscan town Irnthi.[1](it)
- 79 CE - Salerno was buried by the rain of ash and debris of the eruption of Vesuvius that razed Pompeii and Herculaneum to the ground[2]
- 5th-7th C. CE - Roman Catholic diocese of Salerno established.[3]
- 646 CE - Salerno becomes part of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento.[4]
- 774 CE - Duke Arechis II of Benevento relocates to Salerno.
- 9th C. - Schola Medica Salernitana (medical school) founded.[4][5]
- 851 - Principality of Salerno established. List of princes of Salerno.
- 870s - Salerno besieged by Arab forces.[6]
- 1076 - Salerno taken by forces of Norman Robert Guiscard.[7]
- 1084 - Saint Matthew Cathedral consecrated by Pope Gregory VII.[5]
- 1150 - University founded.[5]
- 1194 - Salerno sacked by forces of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.[5]
- 1260 - Port of Salerno construction begins.[8]
- 1419 - Salerno becomes part of the Kingdom of Naples and administrative centre of its Principato Citeriore.[1]
- 1578 - Salerno sacked by "Muslim pirates."[1]
- 1656 - Plague.[7]
- 1688 - Earthquake.[7][9]
- 1694 - Earthquake.[7][9]
- 1799 - Salerno becomes part of the French client Parthenopean Republic.[7]
- 1817 - University closed.[5]
- 1843 - Biblioteca Provinciale di Salerno (library) founded.[10]
- 1860 - Circondario di Salerno (administrative region) established.
- 1866 - Naples–Salerno railway begins operating; Salerno railway station opens.
- 1872 - Teatro municipale Giuseppe Verdi (Salerno) opens.
- 1875 - Frusta newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1895 - Salerno–Reggio Calabria railway in operation.
- 1896 - L'Eco newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1897 - Population: 37,310.[13]
