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((Use dmy dates|date=December 2020))
((refimprove|date=April 2014))
((short description|Timeline article covering notable events of the history of Spain))
__NOTOC__
This is a '''timeline of Spanish history''', comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Spain and its predecessor states.  To read about the background to these events, see [[History of Spain]].<ref>[https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/espana/historyandculture/history/Paginas/index.aspx#timeline History of Spain www.lamoncloa.gob.es]. History of Spain. Timeline:
* The Visigothic Kingdom: First Attempt at Peninsular Unity (472-710) 
* Moorish Spain/Christian Spain: Resistance to the Reconquest of Spain (710-1492) 
* House of Habsburg: The Spanish Empire (1516-1700)  
* House of Bourbon: Centralism (1700-1808) 
* Dissolution of the Old Regime and the Napoleonic Invasion  (1808- 1814)
* Liberal reaction and Revolution (1814-1833)
* Regency and reign of Isabella II (1833-1868)
* Revolutionary Six Years (1868- 1874)
* Restoration (1875-1923)
* Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and the fall of the Monarchy (1923-1931)
* Second Republic and Spanish Civil War (1931-1939)
* General Franco's regime (1939-1975)
* Democratic transition and Constitutional Monarchy (1975- )
]</ref>
<ref>[https://www.casareal.es/EN/MonarquiaHistoria/Paginas/historia-monarquia.aspx www.casareal.es] "The Monarchy through the History of Spain"</ref>
 
((Dynamic list))

<div class="toc"> '''Centuries''': [[#6th century|6th]]((·))[[#7th century|7th]]((·))[[#8th century|8th]]((·))[[#9th century|9th]]((·))[[# when yogur mother adopted you|10th]]((·))[[#11th century|11th]]((·))[[#12th century|12th]]((·))[[#13th century|13th]]((·))[[#14th century|14th]]((·))[[#15th century|15th]]((·))[[#16th century|16th]]((·))[[#17th century|17th]]((·))[[#18th century|18th]]((·))[[#19th century|19th]]((·))[[#20th century|20th]]((·))[[#21st century|21st]] </div>

== 6th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 507 || ||The [[Franks]] attacked allied with the [[Burgundians]] to the [[Visigothic_Kingdom#Kingdom_of_Toulouse|Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse]]. [[Alaric II]] was killed at the [[Battle of Vouillé]], and [[Toulouse]] was sacked. The Visigoths had lost most of their Gallic holdings and are retreated to Hispania and [[Septimania]], helped by [[Ostrogoths]]. Kingdom of Toulouse ended and The [[Visigothic_Kingdom#Arian_Kingdom_of_Hispania|Arian Kingdom of Hispania]] began. [[Barcelona]] was the new capital of the Visigoths.<ref>Following the death of [[Amalaric]] (531). See: ((cite book |first1=S. J. B. |last1=Barnish |author2=Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Stress |title=The Ostrogoths from the migration period to the sixth century: an ethnographic perspective |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |year=2007 |page=369))</ref> From this moment, little by little, Visigothic Hispania will be the first effective realisation of an independent Kingdom or State of wholly Hispanic territories and scope.<ref>[https://www.casareal.es/EN/MonarquiaHistoria/Paginas/historia-monarquia.aspx www.casareal.es] "The Monarchy through the History of Spain"</ref> 
|-
| 552 || || [[Byzantine Empire]] conquered part of the [[Spania|south of the Visigothic kingdom]].||[[File:Iberia 560.svg|thumb|Visigothic Hispania and the Byzantine province of Spania, after [[Byzantine Empire]] conquest (green colour).]]
|-
| 567 || || Toledo. Capital of the Visigothic kingdom by the end of the reign of [[Athanagild]].<ref>Capital of the Visigothic kingdom by the end of the reign of [[Athanagild]] (died 567). ((cite book|last=Collins |first=Roger |title=Visigothic Spain, 409–711 |location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell |year=2004 |page=44))</ref>
|-
| 568 || ||  [[Liuvigild]] began his reign. He is among the greatest Visigothic kings of the Arian period because he consolidated Visigothic power in Spain. He is known for his [[Code of Leovigild]], a law that allowed equal rights between the Visigothic and Hispano-Roman populations, and for expanding the territory of the Visigothic Kingdom. Since Leovigild, the Visigoth kings minted their own [[Tremissis]] coin.
|-
| 585 || || [[Liuvigild]] conquered the [[Suebic Kingdom]]. ||[[File:Hispania_586_AD.PNG|thumb|Map showing the conquests of Leovigild.]]
|-
| 589 ||8 May || The [[Third Council of Toledo]] marks the entry of Visigothic Spain into the [[Catholic Church]], after [[Reccared I]] converted in 587. The [[Visigothic_Kingdom#Catholic_Kingdom_of_Toledo|Catholic Kingdom of Toledo]] began.||
|}

== 7th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" |624 || || [[Swinthila]] reconquered the  [[Spania|south of Byzantine Hispania]].
|-
| ||"[[Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum|History of the Kings of the Goths]]" is written by [[Isidore of Seville]]. In the prologue, "Laus Spaniae" (Praises to [[Hispania|Spain]]),  introduces the phrase mater Spania (mother Spain)  and defends the Gothic identity of a unified Spain.
|-
| 625 || || The entire [[Hispania]] and [[Septimania]] is under the Visigothic Kingdom. [[Swinthila]] defeated the [[Basques]].<ref>((cite web |author=JUAN GIL/ HABIS 44 (2013) 359-366 - © Universidad de Sevilla - ISSN 0210-7694359DE ALTA EDAD MEDIA HISPANAJuan GilReal Academia Españ- |date=2013 |page=363  [[Isidore of Seville]] about Swinthila: ''"Totius Spaniae intra oceani fretum monarchiam regni primum iste potitus"'' (He first obtained the monarchy of the whole of Spain within the coast of the ocean. ) |title=DE ALTA EDAD MEDIA HISPANA |url=https://www.google.es/search?source=hp&ei=5Hy8XqeHMJqIjLsP56OlqA0&q=rodriguez+alonso&oq=rodriguez+alonso&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgIIADICCAAyBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeOgUIABCDAVDuCFiBLGCJVGgAcAB4AIABnAGIAc8PkgEEMC4xNpgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXq4AQM&sclient=psy-ab))<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> || [[File:Hispania_700_AD.PNG|thumb|Visigothic Hispania and its regional divisions from 625 to 711, prior to the Muslim conquest]]
|-
| 654 || || [[Recceswinth]] was responsible for the promulgation of a law code, [[Visigothic_Code#Visigothic_code|Liber Iudiciorum]]. The new laws applied to both Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations.
|}

== 8th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 711 || July || The [[Battle of Guadalete]] was the first major battle of the [[Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula|Umayyad conquest of Hispania]]. [[Roderic]], the last Visigothic king in Hispania under the rule from Toledo, died in the battle.
|-
| 718 || || The [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] [[nobility|nobleman]] [[Pelagius of Asturias]] rebelled against the [[Umayyad Caliphate]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 722 || Summer || ''[[Battle of Covadonga]]'': Forces loyal to [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius]] decimated an [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] army sent to reconquer them in a valley in the [[Picos de Europa]].  
|-
| || [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius]] was elected ''princeps'' of the independent [[Kingdom of Asturias]] with his capital at [[Cangas de Onís]].|| [[File:Map_Iberian_Peninsula_750-es.svg|thumb|Kingdom of Asturias and Umayyad Caliphate]]
|-
| [[AD 737|737]] || || [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius]] died.  He was succeeded as ''princeps'' by his son [[Favila of Asturias]].
|-
| 739 || || [[Favila of Asturias|Favila]] was killed by a bear while hunting.  He was succeeded by his brother-in-law [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso I the Catholic of Asturias]], the son of [[Peter of Cantabria]], the [[duke]] of [[Duchy of Cantabria|Cantabria]].
|-
| 740 || || [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] conquered and annexed [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]].
|-
| [[AD 757|757]] || || [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso the Catholic]] died.  He was succeeded as king by his son [[Fruela I of Asturias|Fruela I the Cruel of Asturias]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 768 || 14 January || [[Fruela I of Asturias|Fruela]] was assassinated.
|-
| || [[Fruela I of Asturias|Fruela's]] cousin [[Aurelius of Asturias]] was crowned king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]].
|-
| 774 || || [[Aurelius of Asturias|Aurelius]] died.  He was succeeded by his cousin-in-law, [[Silo of Asturias]], husband of [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso the Catholic's]] daughter [[Adosinda]].  Silo established his capital at [[Pravia]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 783 || || [[Silo of Asturias|Silo]] died.
|-
| || [[Adosinda]] engineered the election of her nephew [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso II the Chaste of Asturias]], son of [[Fruela I of Asturias|Fruela]], as king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]].
|-
| || A coalition of nobles elected [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso the Catholic's]] illegitimate son [[Mauregatus of Asturias]] king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]]. [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso the Chaste]] fled to [[Álava]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 789 || || [[Mauregatus of Asturias|Mauregatus]] died.
|-
| || [[Aurelius of Asturias|Aurelius's]] brother [[Bermudo I of Asturias|Bermudo I the Deacon, the Monk of Asturias]] was elected king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]].
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 791 || || ''[[Battle of the Burbia River]]'': An [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] force attacked a [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] army near [[Villafranca del Bierzo]] on its return to Córdoba and was defeated.
|-
| || [[Bermudo I of Asturias|Bermudo]] abdicated the throne.
|-
| 14 September || [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso the Chaste]] was crowned king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] in [[Toledo, Spain]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso the Chaste]] established his capital at [[Oviedo]].
|-
| 794 || || ''[[Battle of Lutos]]'': A [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] army returning from a scorched earth campaign in modern [[Álava]] was wiped out by an [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] force.
|-
| 795 || 18 September || ''[[Battle of Las Babias]]'': [[Emirate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] attacked and routed an [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] force near [[Astorga, Spain]].
|}

== 9th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 816 || || ''[[Battle of Pancorbo (816)]]'': [[Emirate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] slaughtered a [[Basques|Basque]]-[[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] force defending the Basque homeland in the [[Pyrenees]] at [[Pancorbo]]. || [[File:Península ibérica 814.svg|thumb|200px|Iberian Peninsula in 814]]
|-
| 824 || || ''[[Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)]]'': A combined force of [[Basques]] and the [[Banu Qasi]], both [[vassal]]s of the [[emirate of Córdoba]], defeated a [[Carolingian Empire|Carolingian]] military expedition in the [[Roncevaux Pass]].  The Basque [[tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Íñigo Arista of Pamplona]] was crowned king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] at [[Pamplona]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 842 || || [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso the Chaste]] died.
|-
| || The [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] [[nobility]] elected [[Nepotian of Asturias]], a relative of [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso the Chaste]], king.
|-
| || ''[[Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana]]'': Forces loyal to [[Bermudo I of Asturias|Bermudo's]] son [[Ramiro I of Asturias]] defeated [[Nepotian of Asturias|Nepotian]] in modern [[Salas, Asturias]].
|-
| 850 || 1 February || [[Ramiro I of Asturias|Ramiro]] died.  He was buried in the [[Pantheon of Asturian Kings]] in [[Oviedo]].  His son [[Ordoño I of Asturias]] succeeded him as king.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 851 || || ''[[Battle of Albelda (851)]]'': [[Ordoño I of Asturias|Ordoño]] suppressed a [[Basques|Basque]] revolt in northeastern [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] and expelled an opportunistic [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] invasion near [[Albelda]].
|-
| || [[Íñigo Arista of Pamplona|Íñigo]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] by his son [[García Íñiguez of Pamplona]].
|-
| 852 || || ''[[Battle of Guadalacete]]'': [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Pamplonan]] forces arriving in support of a revolt of the people of [[Toledo, Spain]] were routed by a [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] army.
|-
| 859 || || [[Vikings]] captured [[García Íñiguez of Pamplona|García]] and extorted a ransom of some seventy thousand [[gold dinar]]s from [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] for his return.
|-
| 860 || || [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] forces captured [[García Íñiguez of Pamplona|García's]] son and heir [[Fortún Garcés of Pamplona|Fortún Garcés the One-Eyed, the Monk of Pamplona]] in [[Milagro, Navarre]].
|-
| 862 || || An eastern [[march (territorial entity)|march]] of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] was created the county of Castile under [[count]] [[Rodrigo of Castile]].
|-
| 865 || 9 August || ''[[Battle of the Morcuera]]'': [[Emirate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] attacked [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]], forcing the retreat of Asturian forces and their Castilian allies along the valley of the [[Ebro]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 866 || 27 May || [[Ordoño I of Asturias|Ordoño]] died.  He was succeeded by his eldest son [[Alfonso III of Asturias|Alfonso III the Great of Asturias]].
|-
| || [[Fruela (usurper)|Fruela]] seized the throne of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] and forced [[Alfonso III of Asturias|Alfonso the Great]] to flee to Castile.
|-
| || [[Fruela (usurper)|Fruela]] was assassinated in [[Oviedo]].
|-
| 868 || || [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] conquered [[Porto]]. [[Vímara Peres]] was created [[count]] of [[County of Portugal|Portugal]].
|-
| 870 || || [[García Íñiguez of Pamplona|García]] died. [[García Jiménez of Pamplona]] took power as [[regent]], García's son and heir [[Fortún Garcés of Pamplona|Fortún Garcés]] remaining in captivity in [[Emirate of Córdoba|Córdoba]].
|-
| 873 || 5 November || [[Rodrigo of Castile|Rodrigo]] died.  He was succeeded as [[count]] of Castile by his son [[Diego Rodríguez Porcelos]].
|-
| 878 || || [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] conquered [[Coimbra]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 882 || || ''[[First Battle of Cellorigo]]'': [[Vela Jiménez]], [[count]] of the [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] [[county of Álava]], repelled an attempted conquest by the [[Emirate of Córdoba]] of an important mountain pass at [[Cellorigo]].
|-
| || [[Fortún Garcés of Pamplona|Fortún Garcés]] was returned to rule in [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]].
|-
| 883 || || ''[[Second Battle of Cellorigo]]'': [[Vela Jiménez]] repelled an attempted conquest by the [[Emirate of Córdoba]] of an important mountain pass at [[Cellorigo]].
|-
| 885 || 31 January || [[Diego Rodríguez Porcelos|Rodríguez]] died.
|}

== 10th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 901 || July || ''[[Day of Zamora]]'': The [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturian]] defenders of [[Zamora, Spain]] dealt heavy casualties to a [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] force attempting to conquer it.  The heads of the besiegers were displayed on the city walls.
|-
| 905 || || The [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] [[nobility]] removed [[Fortún Garcés of Pamplona|Fortún Garcés]] from the throne, placing [[Sancho I of Pamplona]] there in his stead.
|-
| 910 || 20 December || [[Alfonso III of Asturias|Alfonso the Great]] died and was buried at [[Oviedo Cathedral]].  His kingdom was divided among his three sons, with his eldest, [[García I of León]], receiving [[Kingdom of León|León]], [[Ordoño II of León]] receiving [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]], and [[Fruela II of Asturias]] receiving a rump [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] including Castile.
|-
| 914 || 19 January || [[García I of León|García I]] died.  His lands passed to [[Ordoño II of León|Ordoño II]].
|-
| 917 || || ''[[Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz (917)]]'': [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] forces broke a [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] siege of [[San Esteban de Gormaz]].
|-
| 920 || 26 July || ''[[Battle of Valdejunquera]]'': A [[Emirate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] army invading Castile routed a joint [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]]-[[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] force at Valdejunquera, probably between modern [[Estella-Lizarra]] and [[Pamplona]], forcing the abandonment by León of [[Clunia]].
|-
| 922 || || [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] defeated [[Galindo Aznárez II]], [[count]] of the [[County of Aragon]], in battle and forced him into [[vassal]]age.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 924 || June || [[Ordoño II of León|Ordoño II]] died.
|-
| || The [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] nobility elected [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela II]] king of León.
|-
| rowspan="6" valign="top" | 925 || July || [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela II]] died, possibly from leprosy.  His will named his son [[Alfonso Fróilaz]] his successor. [[Ordoño II of León|Ordoño II's]] sons [[Sancho Ordóñez]], [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso IV the Monk of León]] and [[Ramiro II of León]] did not recognize Fróilaz's succession, however, leaving him in ''de facto'' authority only in [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]].
|-
| || [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela II's]] younger brother, a Ramiro, married his widow Urraca bint Abd Allah and claimed the royal title.
|-
| || [[Sancho Ordóñez|Ordóñez]], [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso the Monk]] and [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro II]] forced [[Alfonso Fróilaz|Fróilaz]] into exile in the eastern [[march (territorial entity)|marches]] of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]].
|-
| || [[Sancho Ordóñez|Ordóñez]] seized [[León, Spain]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso the Monk]], with the support of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and the [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] nobility, expelled [[Sancho Ordóñez|Ordóñez]] from [[León, Spain]].
|-
| 10 December || [[Sancho I of Pamplona|Sancho I]] died.  He was succeeded by his young son [[García Sánchez I of Pamplona]] with his brother [[Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona]] acting as regent.
|-
| 926 || || [[Sancho Ordóñez|Ordóñez]] was crowned ''princeps'' of [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]].
|-
| 929 || 16 August || [[Sancho Ordóñez|Ordóñez]] died.  His territory passed to [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso the Monk]].
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 931 || || [[Fernán González of Castile]] became [[count]] of Castile.
|-
| || [[Álvaro Herraméliz]], [[count]] of Lantarón and [[County of Álava|Álava]], died. [[Fernán González of Castile|Fernán González]] inherited his territories and united them with Castile.
|-
| 29 May || [[Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona|Jimeno Garcés]] died.
|-
| || [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso the Monk]] was forced to abdicate the rule of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] to his brother [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro II]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 939 || 19 July || ''[[Battle of Simancas]]'': A battle began near [[Simancas]] which would see a joint [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]]-[[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] force repel an attempted [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] conquest of the lands around the [[Douro]].
|-
| 5 August || ''[[Battle of Alhandic]]'': [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] forces conquered the [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] city of [[Zamora, Spain]] with great cost in lives to both sides.
|-
| 951 || 1 January || [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro II]] died and was buried in the [[Basílica de San Isidoro, León]].  He was succeeded by his son [[Ordoño III of León]].
|-
| 956 || || [[Ordoño III of León|Ordoño III]] died in [[Zamora, Spain]].  He was succeeded by his half-brother [[Sancho I of León|Sancho I the Fat of León]].
|-
| 958 || || The [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] [[nobility]], led by [[Fernán González of Castile|Fernán González]], deposed [[Sancho I of León|Sancho the Fat]] in favor of [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso the Monk's]] son [[Ordoño IV of León|Ordoño IV the Wicked, the Bad of León]].
|-
| 960 || || [[Sancho I of León|Sancho the Fat]] was restored to the throne of [[Kingdom of León|León]] with the support of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]].
|-
| 966 || || [[Sancho I of León|Sancho the Fat]] was poisoned by [[count]] [[Gonzalo Menéndez]] of [[County of Portugal|Portugal]] and buried in the [[Basílica de San Isidoro, León]].  He was succeeded by his young son [[Ramiro III of León]], with the latter's aunt [[Elvira Ramírez]] and mother [[Teresa Ansúrez]] ruling as regents.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 970 || 22 February || [[García Sánchez I of Pamplona|García Sánchez I]] died.  He was succeeded by his eldest son [[Sancho II of Pamplona]].  A small territory around [[Viguera]] he willed to another son as the [[Kingdom of Viguera]].
|-
| || [[Fernán González of Castile|Fernán González]] died.  He was succeeded as [[count]] of Castile by his son [[García Fernández of Castile|García Fernández of the White Hands of Castile]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 981 || 9 July || ''[[Battle of Torrevicente]]'': A [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] force dealt a bloody defeat to a rebel Cordoban [[general officer|general]] and his [[Kingdom of Viguera|Vigueran]] and Castilian allies, probably near [[Atienza]].
|-
| || ''[[Battle of Rueda]]'': A [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] force dealt a decisive defeat to a joint [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]]-[[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] army in [[Rueda, Valladolid]].
|-
| 982 || 15 October || The [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galician]] [[nobility]] acclaimed [[Ordoño III of León|Ordoño III's]] son [[Bermudo II of León|Bermudo II the Gouty of León]] king of Galicia with the support of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]].
|-
| 984 || || [[Bermudo II of León|Bermudo]] deposed [[Ramiro III of León|Ramiro III]] and replaced him as king of [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| 987 || || [[Kingdom of León|León]] expelled [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] forces from [[Zamora, Spain]].
|-
| 991 || November || The [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] [[nobility]] expelled [[Bermudo II of León|Bermudo]] from the kingdom.
|-
| 992 || September || [[Bermudo II of León|Bermudo]] was allowed to return to [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| 994 || || [[Sancho II of Pamplona|Sancho II]] died and was buried at [[San Juan de la Peña]].  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and [[count]] of [[County of Aragon|Aragon]] by his son [[García Sánchez II of Pamplona]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 995 || May || [[García Fernández of Castile|Fernández]] was captured by a [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] raiding party.
|-
| June || [[García Fernández of Castile|Fernández]] died of his wounds at [[Medinaceli]].  He was succeeded by his son [[Sancho García of Castile|Sancho García of the Good Laws of Castile]].
|-
| 996 || || [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] conquered the [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] city of [[Astorga, Spain]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[AD 999|999]] || || Castile declined to pay its annual tribute to [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]].
|-
| September || [[Bermudo II of León|Bermudo]] died.  He was succeeded by his young son [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso V the Noble of León]], with the latter's mother [[Elvira of Castile, Queen of León]] and the [[count]] [[Menendo González]], count of [[County of Portugal|Portugal]] and [[duke]] in [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]], acting as [[regent]]s.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[AD 1000|1000]] || 29 July || ''[[Battle of Cervera]]'': [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] defeated the combined forces of [[Sancho García of Castile|García of the Good Laws]] and [[García Gómez]], count of Saldaña, Carrión and Liébana on a punitive expedition near modern [[Espinosa de Cervera]].
|-
| || [[García Sánchez II of Pamplona|García Sánchez II]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and [[count]] of [[County of Aragon|Aragon]] by his young son [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho III the Great of Pamplona]], with the latter's mother Jimena Fernández and grandmother [[Urraca Fernandez]] ruling with the [[bishop in the Catholic Church|bishops]] of Navarre as [[regent]]s.
|}

== 11th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1005 || || A [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Cordoban]] army under the caliph [[Hisham II]] invaded [[Kingdom of León|León]] with the intent of conquering [[Zamora, Spain]].
|-
| || [[García Ramírez of Viguera]], king of [[Kingdom of Viguera|Viguera]], died without male heirs.  His territory was absorbed by [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]].
|-
| 1008 || 6 October || [[Menendo González]] died. [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso the Noble]] entered his majority.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1009 || || [[Hisham II|Hisham]] was overthrown and imprisoned by his cousin [[Muhammad II of Córdoba]].
|-
| 1 November || [[Sulayman ibn al-Hakam]], at the head of an army of disaffected [[Berbers]] and with the help of [[Sancho García of Castile|García of the Good Laws]], defeated [[Muhammad II of Córdoba|Muhammad]], forcing the latter to flee to [[Toledo, Spain]], and freed [[Hisham II|Hisham]].
|-
| 1011 || || [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] married [[Sancho García of Castile|García of the Good Laws's]] daughter [[Muniadona of Castile]].
|-
| 1015 || || [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] conquered the county of Sobrarbe.
|-
| 1017 || 5 February || [[Sancho García of Castile|García of the Good Laws]] died.  He was succeeded as [[count]] of Castile and [[County of Álava|Álava]] by his young son [[García Sánchez of Castile]], with [[Urraca of Covarrubias]], the latter's aunt and [[García Fernández of Castile|Fernández's]] daughter, acting as regent with the Castilian [[nobility]].
|-
| 1018 || || [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] annexed half of the county of Ribagorza.
|-
| 1025 || || [[Raymond III of Pallars Jussà]], [[count]] of [[County of Pallars Jussà|Pallars Jussà]] and the rump Ribagorza, pledged submission to [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] as his [[vassal]].
|-
| 1028 || 7 August || [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso the Noble]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] by his son [[Bermudo III of León]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1029 || || [[García Sánchez of Castile|García Sánchez]] was assassinated in [[León, Spain]] by the sons of a [[nobility|noble]] he had expelled from the lands between the [[Cea (river)|Cea]] and the [[Pisuerga]].
|-
| || [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] appointed [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand I the Great of León]], his son and grandson of [[Sancho García of Castile|García of the Good Laws]] on his mother's side, [[count]] of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| 1031 || || [[Hisham III of Córdoba]], the caliph of [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] in exile, was overthrown and his title abolished by the local [[nobility]], resulting in the immediate ''de jure'' independence of the ''[[taifa]]s'' of [[Al-Andalus]].
|-
| 1032 || || [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso the Noble's]] daughter [[Sancha of León]] was married to [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]].
|-
| 1034 || || [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] conquered [[León, Spain]]. [[Bermudo III of León|Bermudo III]] fled to modern [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1035 || 18 October || [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] died.  His kingdom was divided among his sons. [[Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza]] received Sobrarbe and Ribagorza.  The illegitimate [[Ramiro I of Aragon]] was granted the title of bailiff and some property in [[County of Aragon|Aragon]]. [[García Sánchez III of Pamplona]] succeeded his father as king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] and held suzerainty over his brothers.
|-
| || ''[[Battle of Tafalla]]'': [[García Sánchez III of Pamplona|García Sánchez III]] repelled an invasion of his kingdom by [[Ramiro I of Aragon|Ramiro I]].
|-
| 1037 || 4 September || ''[[Battle of Tamarón]]'': [[Bermudo III of León]] fell from his horse and was slain by forces loyal to [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]].||  [[File:Map_Iberian_Peninsula_1037-en.svg|thumb|Iberian Peninsula as of 1037]] 
|-
| 1038 || 22 June || [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]] was crowned king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in [[León, Spain]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1043 || 26 June || [[Gonzalo of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza]] was assassinated by one of his [[knight]]s.
|-
| || [[Ramiro I of Aragon|Ramiro I]] annexed Sobrarbe and Ribagorza.
|-
| 1054 || 1 September || ''[[Battle of Atapuerca]]'': [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] and [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] forces met near modern [[Atapuerca, Province of Burgos]]. [[García Sánchez III of Pamplona|García Sánchez III]] and his tutor [[Fortún Sánchez]] were killed.  García Sánchez III's son [[Sancho IV of Pamplona|Sancho IV of Peñalén of Pamplona]] succeeded him as king under the regency of [[Stephanie, Queen of Navarre]].  León annexed Navarrese territories south of the [[Ebro]].
|-
| 1056 || || [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]] crowned himself ''[[Imperator totius Hispaniae]]''.
|-
| 1058 || 25 May || [[Stephanie, Queen of Navarre|Stephanie]] died.
|-
| 1062 || 29 December || [[Sancho IV of Pamplona|Sancho of Peñalén]] and [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]] signed a treaty defining their border.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1063 || || ''[[Synod of Jaca (1063)]]'': [[Ramiro I of Aragon|Ramiro I]] presided over a [[synod]] in [[Jaca]] which reestablished the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Huesca]].
|-
| 8 May || ''[[Battle of Graus]]'': [[Ramiro I of Aragon|Ramiro I]] died in a failed attempt to take [[Graus]] from the [[taifa of Zaragoza|''taifa'' of Zaragoza]].  He was succeeded by his son [[Sancho Ramírez]].
|-
| 1064 || August || ''[[Crusade of Barbastro]]'': At the urging of the pope [[Pope Alexander II]], a coalition of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], [[County of Urgell|Urgell]], [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] and the [[Papal States]] conquered [[Barbastro]] from the [[taifa of Lérida|''taifa'' of Lérida]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1065 || || ''[[Battle of Paterna]]'': [[Taifa of Valencia|Valencian]] forces pursuing the army of [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]], then in retreat from a failed siege of [[Valencia]], were ambushed and wiped out at [[Paterna]].
|-
| 24 December || [[Ferdinand I of León|Ferdinand the Great]] died.  His kingdom was divided among his three children.  The eldest, [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho II the Strong of Castile and León]], received [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]. [[Kingdom of León|León]] was divided; [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] went to [[García II of Galicia]], and the remainder went to [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI the Brave, the Valiant of León and Castile]].
|-
| || ''[[War of the Three Sanchos]]'': [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] began ordering border raids on [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]].
|-
| 1067 || || ''War of the Three Sanchos'': The war reached a stalemate. [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] remained in possession of the [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] territories in modern [[Álava]], [[Montes de Oca (comarca)|Montes de Oca]], [[Pancorbo]], [[Burgos]] and [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1068 || Spring || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] invaded the [[taifa of Badajoz|''taifa'' of Badajoz]].
|-
| 19 July || ''[[Battle of Llantada]]'': [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] defeated [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] at Llantadilla, in the [[taifa of Badajoz|''taifa'' of Badajoz]] near modern [[Melgar de Fernamental]].
|-
| 1071 || June || [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] and [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] invaded [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] from the north and south, respectively, partitioning the kingdom and forcing [[García II of Galicia|García II]] into exile in [[Taifa of Seville|Seville]].
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1072 || January || ''[[Battle of Golpejera]]'': [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] defeated and captured [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] near [[Carrión de los Condes]].  The latter was released and sent into exile in [[Taifa of Toledo|Toledo]].
|-
| 12 January || [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] was crowned king of [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| 7 October || [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] was betrayed and murdered by a Zamoran [[nobility|noble]] during his assault on [[Zamora, Spain]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] succeeded his brother [[Sancho II of Castile and León|Sancho the Strong]] as king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| 1074 || || The ''[[taifa]]s'' of [[taifa of Toledo|Toledo]] and [[taifa of Granada|Granada]] were forced to pay the ''[[parias]]'' to [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1076 || 4 June || [[Sancho IV of Pamplona|Sancho of Peñalén]] was thrown from a cliff in [[Peñalén]] by his brother and sister. [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] recognized his young son García Sánchez as his successor.
|-
| || The [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] [[nobility]] elected [[Sancho Ramírez]] king.  The latter ceded some territory in Navarre's west to [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]].
|-
| || The [[Emir]] of [[Zaragoza]] began to pay the ''[[parias]]'' to [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]].
|-
| 1077 || || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] took the title ''[[Imperator totius Hispaniae]]''.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1079 || || ''[[Battle of Cabra]]'': [[Taifa of Seville|Seville]] defeated the invading forces of [[Taifa of Granada|Granada]].  Both sides were aided by [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] [[knight]]s.
|-
| || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] conquered [[Coria, Cáceres]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1083 || 28 April || [[Sancho Ramírez]] conquered [[Graus]].
|-
| || Under the pretense of surrender, the occupants of the castle of [[Rueda de Jalón]], a Zaragozan stronghold, invited important [[nobility|nobles]] of [[Kingdom of León|León]] to the castle and murdered them.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1084 || 14 August || ''[[Battle of Morella]]'': A [[Taifa of Zaragoza|Zaragozan]] army led by the general [[El Cid]] decisively defeated the forces of [[Sancho Ramírez]] near [[Tortosa]].
|-
| 25 December || ''[[Battle of Piedra Pisada]]'': A [[Taifa of Zaragoza|Zaragozan]] army skirmished with the forces of [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]], then following the valley of the [[Cinca (Spain)|Cinca]] from [[Naval, Huesca]] to [[El Grado]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1085 || 25 May || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] conquered [[Toledo, Spain]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] conquered modern [[Madrid]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1086 || March || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] installed his [[vassal]], an al-Qádir, as king of [[taifa of Valencia|Valencia]].
|-
| 23 October || ''[[Battle of Sagrajas]]'': [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], the [[sultan]] of the [[Almoravid dynasty]], at the head of a coalition of Andalusian ''[[taifa]]s'', defeated [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] in a bloody battle near [[Badajoz]].  The ''taifas'' renounced payment of the ''[[parias]]''.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1087 || || ''[[Siege of Tudela]]'': [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]], [[Sancho Ramírez]], [[Odo I, Duke of Burgundy]], the [[duke]] of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], and [[William the Carpenter]], [[viscount]] of [[Melun]], laid siege to the [[Taifa of Zaragoza|Zaragozan]] fortress at [[Tudela, Navarre]].
|-
| || [[Sancho Ramírez]] conquered [[Estada]].
|-
| 1088 || || [[Sancho Ramírez]] took the [[Castle of Montearagón]].
|-
| 1089 || 24 June || [[Sancho Ramírez]] conquered [[Monzón]].
|-
| 1090 || || [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin|Yusuf]] overthrew the king of [[taifa of Valencia|Valencia]] and sent him into exile.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1094 || 4 June || [[Sancho Ramírez]] died during a siege of [[Huesca]].  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Navarre]] by his eldest son [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona]].
|-
| June || [[El Cid]] reconquered [[Valencia, Spain]] for [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| November || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] lost [[Lisbon]], [[Sintra]] and [[Santarém, Portugal]] to [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] conquests.
|-
| 1095 || 16 March || The pope [[Pope Urban II]] issued a [[papal bull|bull]] forbidding the [[excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunication]] of [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]] or his [[Queen regnant|queen]] [[Agnes of Aquitaine, Queen of Aragon and Navarre]] without his express authorization.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1096 || || ''[[Battle of Alcoraz]]'': [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]] defeated the [[Taifa of Zaragoza|Zaragozan]] forces sent to relieve his siege of [[Huesca]].
|-
| 27 November || [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]] conquered [[Huesca]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1097 || || ''[[Battle of Bairén]]'': An [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragonese]] army pinned between [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] forces and the [[Mediterranean Sea]] routed their enemies near modern [[Gandia]].
|-
| 15 August || ''[[Battle of Consuegra]]'': An [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] force defeated one of [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave's]] armies near [[Consuegra]].
|-
| 16 August || [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]] married [[Bertha of Aragon]] in [[Huesca]], marking the transfer of the [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragonese]] capital from [[Jaca]].
|}

== 12th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1102 || || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] ordered [[Valencia]] evacuated and burned in the face of an [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] threat.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1104 || || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] city of [[Medinaceli]].
|-
| || [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] by his brother [[Alfonso the Battler|Alfonso I the Battler of Aragon]].
|-
| 1105 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] cities of [[Ejea de los Caballeros]] and [[Tauste]].
|-
| 1107 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered [[Tamarite de Litera]] and [[San Esteban de Litera]] from the [[Almoravid dynasty]].
|-
| 1108 || 29 May || ''[[Battle of Uclés (1108)]]'': The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] dealt a decisive defeat to the forces of [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] at [[Uclés]], reconquering the city as well as [[Cuenca, Spain]], [[Huete, Spain|Huete]] and [[Ocaña, Spain]].  Alfonso the Brave's son and heir [[Sancho Alfónsez]] was killed in flight by local [[Muslims]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1109 || 1 July || [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso the Brave]] died in [[Toledo, Spain]].  His daughter [[Urraca of León|Urraca the Restless of León]] succeeded him as [[queen regnant]] of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| October || [[Urraca of León|Urraca the Restless]] married [[Alfonso the Battler]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1111 || 26 October || ''[[Battle of Candespina]]'': [[Alfonso the Battler]], joined by [[Henry, Count of Portugal]], the [[count]] of [[County of Portugal|Portugal]], defeated forces loyal to the former's wife [[Urraca of León|Urraca the Restless]] at [[Fresno de Cantespino]].
|-
| Autumn || ''[[Battle of Viadangos]]'': The [[nobility|noble]] [[Pedro Fróilaz de Traba]] and [[Diego Gelmírez]], [[archbishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela]], marching in support of [[Urraca of León|Urraca the Restless]], were routed at [[Villadangos del Páramo]] by a superior force led by [[Alfonso the Battler]].
|-
| 1112 || || The pope [[Pope Paschal II]] annulled the marriage of [[Urraca of León|Urraca the Restless]] to [[Alfonso the Battler]].  The two agreed to a truce.
|-
| 1117 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] cities of [[Fitero]], [[Belchite]], [[Corella, Spain]], [[Cintruénigo]], [[Murchante]], [[Monteagudo, Navarre]], and [[Cascante]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1118 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]], joined by [[Kingdom of France|French]] soldiers following the declaration of a [[crusades|crusade]], conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] cities of [[Almudévar]], [[Gurrea de Gállego]] and [[Zuera]] and laid siege to [[Zaragoza]].
|-
| 18 December || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered [[Zaragoza]].
|-
| 1119 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered [[Cervera]], Tudejen, Castellón, [[Tarazona]], [[Ágreda]], [[Magallón]], [[Borja, Zaragoza]], [[Alagón, Zaragoza]], [[Novillas]], [[Mallén]], [[Rueda, Valladolid]] and [[Épila]] from the [[Almoravid dynasty]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1120 || || ''[[Battle of Cutanda]]'': [[Alfonso the Battler]] defeated forces of the [[Almoravid dynasty]] at Cutanda near [[Calamocha]], conquering that town as well as [[Calatayud]] and [[Daroca]] for [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] cities of [[Calatayud]], [[Bubierca]], [[Alhama de Aragón]], [[Ariza, Zaragoza]] and [[Daroca]].
|-
| 1122 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] established the [[Confraternity of Belchite]], a [[military order (monastic society)|military order]] at [[Belchite]] devoted to war with [[Muslims]].
|-
| 1123 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered the [[County of Barcelona|Barcelonan]] city of [[Lleida]].
|-
| 1126 || 8 March || [[Urraca of León|Urraca the Restless]] died in childbirth at [[Saldaña de Burgos]]. [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso VII the Emperor of León and Castile]], her son by her first husband [[Raymond of Burgundy]], succeeded her as king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]], though [[Alfonso the Battler]] remained in control of the former kingdom.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1127 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] city of [[Longares]].
|-
| June || [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] and [[Alfonso the Battler]] signed the [[Peace of Támara]] at [[Támara de Campos]].  The treaty recognized Alfonso the Emperor's sovereignty over [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and reestablished the 1054 border between Castile and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]].  Alfonso the Battler renounced the title of emperor.
|-
| 1129 || 6 April || [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso I the Conqueror of Portugal]], the [[count]] of [[County of Portugal|Portugal]], took the title prince.
|-
| 1130 || October || ''[[Siege of Bayonne (1130–31)|Siege of Bayonne]]'': [[Alfonso the Battler]] laid siege to the [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitainian]] city of [[Bayonne]], probably with the intent of impressing [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor's]] [[vassal]] [[Alfonso Jordan]], the [[count]] of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1131 || October || [[Alfonso the Battler]] drafted a will leaving his kingdom to the [[Knights Templar]], the [[Knights Hospitaller]], and the [[Order of the Holy Sepulchre]].
|-
| October || ''Siege of Bayonne'': [[Alfonso the Battler]] withdrew after failing to conquer [[Bayonne]].
|-
| 1133 || || [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] city of [[Mequinenza]].
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1134 || 17 July || ''[[Battle of Fraga]]'': The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] broke an [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragonese]] siege of [[Fraga]]. [[Alfonso the Battler]] was wounded.
|-
| 7 September || [[Alfonso the Battler]] died of wounds suffered at the Battle of Fraga.
|-
| || The [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] [[nobility]] elected [[García Ramírez of Navarre]], a grandson of [[García Sánchez III of Pamplona|García Sánchez III's]] illegitimate son, king of Navarre.
|-
| || The [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragonese]] [[nobility]] elected [[Ramiro II of Aragon|Ramiro II the Monk of Aragon]] king of Aragon.
|-
| 1135 || 26 May || [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] took the title ''[[Imperator totius Hispaniae]]''.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1137 || 11 August || [[Ramiro II of Aragon|Ramiro the Monk's]] daughter [[Petronilla of Aragon]] was betrothed to [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer IV the Saint, Count of Barcelona]], the [[count]] of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]].  Under the terms of the contract, Petronilla was appointed Ramiro the Monk's heir, and in the event of her childless death, Ramon Berenguer the Saint was to inherit all her territories.
|-
| 13 November || [[Ramiro II of Aragon|Ramiro the Monk]] retired to the monastery, retaining the royal title but granting [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer the Saint]] royal authority under the title prince of the [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] people.
|-
| 1138 || July || ''[[Siege of Coria (1138)]]'': [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] failed to take the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] city of [[Coria, Caceres]].  His commanding general [[Rodrigo Martínez]] was killed in the assault.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1139 || April || ''[[Siege of Oreja]]'': [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] laid siege to the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] castle at [[Colmenar de Oreja]].
|-
| 25 July || ''[[Battle of Ourique]]'': [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso]] defeated an [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] force deep inside Almoravid territory at [[Ourique]].  His soldiers proclaimed him king of [[Portugal]].
|-
| October || ''Siege of Oreja'': The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] garrison surrendered.
|-
| 1141 || Summer || ''[[Battle of Valdevez]]'': [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso]] invaded [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]]. [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] met him at [[Arcos de Valdevez]] and was defeated.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1142 || May || ''[[Siege of Coria (1142)]]'': [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] laid siege to the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] city of [[Coria, Caceres]].
|-
| June || ''Siege of Coria (1142)'': The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] garrison surrendered.
|-
| 1143 || 5 October || [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso]] and [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] signed the [[Treaty of Zamora]] in [[Zamora, Spain]], under which the latter recognized the independence of [[Portugal]] and pledged peace between Portugal and [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| 1147 || October || ''[[Second Crusade]]'': [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]], [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer the Saint]] and [[García Ramírez of Navarre|García Ramírez]], with the support of the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] and [[Republic of Pisa|Pisan]] navies, conquered the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] port city of [[Almería]].  One-third of the city was granted to Genoa, the rest to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| 1151 || || [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] and [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer the Saint]] signed the [[Treaty of Tudilén]], recognizing recent [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] conquests as well as any further conquests in the [[Taifa of Murcia]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1157 || || The [[Almohad Caliphate]] conquered [[Almería]].
|-
| 16 August || [[Ramiro II of Aragon|Ramiro the Monk]] died. [[Petronilla of Aragon|Petronilla]] succeeded him as [[queen regnant]] of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]].
|-
| 21 August || [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso the Emperor]] died.  His kingdom was divided between his two sons.  The elder, [[Sancho III of Castile|Sancho III the Desired of Castile]], received [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]; the younger, [[Ferdinand II of León]], received [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| 1158 || 31 August || [[Sancho III of Castile|Sancho the Desired]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] by his young son [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso VIII the Noble of Castile]].  A number of Castilian nobles began to vie for the [[regent|regency]].
|-
| 1162 || 6 August || [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer the Saint]] died.  He was succeeded as [[count]] of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]] by his young son [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso II the Chaste, the Troubadour of Aragon]].
|-
| 1164 || 18 July || [[Petronilla of Aragon|Petronilla]] abdicated the throne of [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] in favor of her young son [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]].
|-
| 1166 || || [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] conquered the county of Provence.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1168 || || [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] conquered [[County of Cerdanya|Cerdanya]].
|-
| 19 December || [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] and [[Sancho VI of Navarre|Sancho VI the Wise of Navarre]], king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]], signed the [[Treaty of Sangüesa]] providing for a twenty-year truce between their countries and agreeing to a division of the [[Taifa of Murcia]].
|-
| 1171 || || [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] conquered [[Teruel]] and [[Caspe]].
|-
| 1172 || || [[Girard II of Roussillon]], [[count]] of [[County of Roussillon|Roussillon]], died without heirs.  The [[nobility|nobles]] of his county elected [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] to succeed him.
|-
| 1173 || || [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] gifted Provence to his brother [[Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence]].
|-
| 1174 || || [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso the Noble]] ceded [[Uclés]] to the [[Order of Santiago]].
|-
| 1177 || 21 September || [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] conquered [[Cuenca, Spain]].
|-
| 1179 || || [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso the Noble]] and [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] signed the [[Treaty of Cazola]], setting out their respective zones of conquest in Andalusia. [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] ceded the right to [[Taifa of Murcia|Murcia]].
|-
| 1188 || || [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso the Noble]] recognized [[Alfonso IX of León]] as king of [[Kingdom of León|León]].  In exchange, Alfonso IX recognized the supremacy of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] over León.
|-
| 1195 || 18 July || ''[[Battle of Alarcos]]'': The [[Almohad Caliphate]] decisively defeated a [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] force in what is now the [[province of Ciudad Real]], forcing the latter's retreat to [[Toledo, Spain]] and cession of [[Trujillo, Cáceres]], [[Montánchez]] and [[Talavera de la Reina]].
|-
| 1196 || 25 April || [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso the Chaste]] died.  He was succeeded as king by his son [[Peter II of Aragon|Peter II the Catholic of Aragon]].
|}

== 13th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 1209 || || ''[[Albigensian Crusade]]'': The pope [[Pope Innocent III]] called for a [[crusades|crusade]] to exterminate [[Catharism]] in Languedoc.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1212 || || [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso the Noble]], [[Peter II of Aragon|Peter the Catholic]], [[Sancho VII of Navarre|Sancho VII the Strong, the Prudent of Navarre]], king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]], and the [[papal legate]] [[Arnaud Amalric]], at the head of an army of [[Franks]], conquered the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] cities of [[Calatrava la Vieja]], Alarcos and [[Benavente, Zamora]].
|-
| 16 July || ''[[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]]'': A coalition of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]], [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]], Portuguese and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarrese]] forces, joined by the [[Order of Santiago]], the [[Order of Calatrava]], the [[Knights Templar]] and [[Kingdom of France|French]] and [[Kingdom of León|Leonese]] volunteers, decisively defeated an [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] army in what is now the [[Province of Jaén (Spain)|Province of Jaén]].  The caliph [[Muhammad al-Nasir]] was forced into flight.
|-
| 1213 || 12 September || ''[[Battle of Muret]]'': [[Peter II of Aragon|Peter the Catholic]] was killed in battle at [[Muret]] in an attempt to reinstall his [[vassal]] [[Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse]], [[count]] of [[County of Toulouse]].  His army was routed.  Peter the Catholic was succeeded by his young son [[James I of Aragon|James I the Conqueror of Aragon]].
|-
| 1214 || 5 October || [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso the Noble]] died.  He was succeeded by his young son [[Henry I of Castile]], whose elder sister [[Berengaria of Castile]] ruled as [[regent]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1217 || 6 June || [[Henry I of Castile|Henry I]] was killed by a tile falling off a roof. [[Berengaria of Castile|Berengaria]] succeeded him as [[queen regnant]] of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| 31 August || [[Berengaria of Castile|Berengaria]] resigned in favor of her son [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III the Saint of Castile]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1224 || || The [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] caliph [[Yusuf II, Almohad caliph]] was gored to death while playing with his pet cows, leaving no heir.
|-
| || The [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] governor of Andalusia took the majority of his forces across the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] to contest the succession to the caliphate.
|-
| || An Abdallah al-Bayyasi established the [[Taifa of Baeza]] with himself at its head and appealed to [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] to help him conquer Andalusia.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1225 || || ''[[Siege of Jaén (1225)]]'': [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Taifa of Baeza|Baeza]] failed to take the city of [[Jaén, Spain]].
|-
| || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] established al-Bayyasi at [[Córdoba, Spain]] in exchange for [[Baños de la Encina]], [[Capilla, Badajoz]] and [[Salvatierra Castle]].
|-
| rowspan="1" valign="top" | 1226 || November || Al-Bayyasi was killed in [[Córdoba, Spain]] in a popular uprising. [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] annexed some of his territory including [[Taifa of Baeza|Baeza]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1229 || 5 September || ''[[Conquest of Majorca]]'': [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] led a fleet of some two hundred vessels and twenty thousand men from [[Salou]], [[Cambrils]] and [[Tarragona]] to [[Majorca]].
|-
| 12 September || ''[[Battle of Portopí]]'': [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] forces defeated an [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] force in the [[Serra de Na Burguesa]], forcing the latter to retreat to [[Palma, Majorca]].
|-
| 31 December || ''Conquest of Majorca'': [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] took the last redoubt of the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] forces at [[Palma, Majorca]] and captured the ''[[Vali (governor)|vali]]'' [[Abu Yahya Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Imran al-Tinmalali|Abu Yahya]].
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1230 || || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] issued the [[Llibre del Repartiment (Majorca)]], granting territory in [[Majorca]] according to participation in its conquest.  Half became [[crown land]]s; the rest was divided primarily between [[Catalans|Catalan]] and [[Marseille|Marseillais]] [[knight]]s and the [[Knights Templar]].
|-
| 24 June || ''[[Siege of Jaén (1230)]]'': [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] laid siege to [[Jaén, Spain]].
|-
| 24 September || [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] by his son [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]].
|-
| September || ''Siege of Jaén (1230)'': On hearing of the death of [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]], [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] abandoned his siege of [[Jaén, Spain]] to be crowned king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] in [[León, Spain]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1231 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] conquered [[Cazorla]].
|-
| || ''[[Battle of Jerez]]'': A [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] army defeated an army of the ''[[emir]]'' [[Ibn Hud]] near modern [[Jerez de la Frontera]], deep in the latter's territory.
|-
| 1232 || || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] conquered [[Menorca]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1233 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] conquered [[Úbeda]].
|-
| May || ''[[Siege of Burriana]]'': [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] laid siege to [[Borriana, Castellón]].
|-
| July || ''Siege of Burriana'': The city fell.
|-
| 1235 || || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] conquered [[Ibiza]].
|-
| 1236 || 7 February || ''[[Siege of Córdoba (1236)]]'': [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] arrived in [[Córdoba, Spain]] following its fall at the hands of local [[knight]]s and internal fifth columnists.
|-
| 1237 || 15 August || ''[[Battle of the Puig]]'': The [[Taifa of Valencia|Valencian]] king [[Zayyan ibn Mardanish]] met an [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] invasion force at [[El Puig]], where he was decisively defeated.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1238 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] conquered [[Huelva]] and obtained the [[vassal state|vassalage]] of [[Niebla, Andalusia]].
|-
| 28 September || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] captured [[Valencia]] and created himself king of the [[Kingdom of Valencia]].
|-
| 1240 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] conquered [[Écija]] and [[Lucena, Córdoba]].
|-
| 1243 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] captured [[Orihuela]] and obtained the [[vassal state|vassalage]] of [[Murcia]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1244 || 26 March || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] signed the [[Treaty of Almizra]], establishing [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia's]] border with [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] conquered [[Arjona, Spain]], [[Mula, Spain]] and [[Lorca, Spain]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1245 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] conquered [[Cartagena, Spain]].
|-
| || ''[[Siege of Jaén (1245–46)]]'': [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]], joined by the [[Order of Santiago]], laid siege to [[Jaén, Spain]].
|-
| 1246 || 28 February || ''Siege of Jaén (1245–46)'': [[Muhammad I of Granada]], king of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], surrendered the city to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and agreed to [[tributary state|tributary]] relationship.  He was created king of the [[Kingdom of Jaén]].
|-
| 1247 || July || ''[[Siege of Seville]]'': [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] laid siege to [[Seville]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1248 || || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] obtained the [[vassal state|vassalage]] of [[Alicante]].
|-
| 23 November || ''Siege of Seville'': [[Seville]], the last [[Muslim]] polity on the [[Iberian Peninsula]] apart from the [[Emirate of Granada]], surrendered to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], promising that the city would be turned over no later than the following month. [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] created himself king of the [[Kingdom of Seville]].
|-
| 1252 || 30 May || [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand the Saint]] died.  He was succeeded by his son [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X the Wise of Castile]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1253 || || [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]] captured the [[Algarve]] from [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]] gave his daughter [[Beatrice of Castile (1242–1303)|Beatrice of Castile]] to the [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] king [[Afonso III of Portugal]], and promised to cede the [[Algarve]] to their firstborn son on his seventh birthday.
|-
| 1256 || 28 January || [[King of the Romans]] [[William II of Holland]] was killed in battle with the [[Frisia]]ns near [[Hoogwoud]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1257 || 15 January || ''[[Imperial election, January 1257]]'': [[Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall]], [[count]] of [[Poitou]] and [[Earl of Cornwall|earl]] of Cornwall, was elected [[King of the Romans]].
|-
| 1 April || ''[[Imperial election, April 1257]]'': [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]], who claimed the title through descent from his grandfather [[Philip of Swabia]], was elected [[King of the Romans]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]] debased the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] coinage and introduced a tariff to raise money for a campaign in support of his claim to the rule of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], against that of [[Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall|Richard]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1261 || || ''[[Siege of Jerez (1261)]]'': [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]] laid siege to [[Jerez de la Frontera]].
|-
| || ''Siege of Jerez (1261)'': The citizens of [[Jerez de la Frontera]] agreed to resume tribute payments to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1262 || || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] created the [[Kingdom of Majorca]] in his will.
|-
| || [[Niebla, Andalusia]] was incorporated into [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].|| [[File:CastillaLeon_1360-es.svg|thumb|Iberian Peninsula as of 1262 after [[Niebla, Andalusia]] was incorporated into Castile.]] 
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1264 || || ''[[Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266]]'': The [[Muslim]] subjects of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], encouraged by [[Muhammad I of Granada|Muhammad I]], rebelled in Andalusia and [[Murcia]].
|-
| 8 August || ''Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266'': [[Nuño González de Lara (died 1275)|Nuño González de Lara]], head of the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] garrison at [[Jerez de la Frontera]], fled his post.  The [[Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera]] was taken.
|-
| 9 October || ''Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266'': [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] forces retook [[Jerez de la Frontera]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1265 || 28 August || The ''[[Siete Partidas]]'', a code of law, was completed in [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| October || ''[[Conquest of Murcia (1265–66)]]'': [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] entered [[Muslim]]-held territory in support of the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] suppression of the Mudéjar revolt.
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1266 || 2 January || ''Conquest of Murcia (1265–66)'': [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] laid siege to [[Murcia]].
|-
| 31 January || ''Conquest of Murcia (1265–66)'': [[Murcia]] surrendered.
|-
| 26 February || ''[[Battle of Benevento]]'': [[Manfred, King of Sicily]], the king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], was killed during the conquest of the kingdom by [[Charles I of Anjou]], [[count]] of Anjou.
|-
| || [[Alicante]] was incorporated into [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]].
|-
| 1267 || 16 February || [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]] and [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]] signed the [[Treaty of Badajoz (1267)|Treaty of Badajoz]], a pact of friendship and mutual assistance.  The treaty established the border between [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] to the latter's disadvantage.
|-
| 1272 || || The [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] [[nobility]] rebelled against [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]] following his mismanagement of the economy.
|-
| 1275 || || ''[[Battle of Écija (1275)]]'': [[Emirate of Granada|Granadan]] forces routed a [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] army moving through their territory to meet a [[Marinid dynasty|Marinid]] advance.
|-
| 1276 || 27 July || [[James I of Aragon|James the Conqueror]] died.  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia]] and [[Count of Barcelona|count]] of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]] by one son, [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter III the Great of Aragon]], and as king of [[Kingdom of Majorca|Majorca]] by another, [[James II of Majorca]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1278 || July || ''[[Siege of Algeciras (1278–79)]]'': [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] laid siege to the [[Marinid dynasty|Marinid]] port city of [[Algeciras]].
|-
| 25 July || ''[[Battle of Algeciras (1278)]]'': A combined [[Marinid dynasty|Marinid]]-[[Emirate of Granada|Granadan]] fleet destroyed the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] navy in the [[Strait of Gibraltar]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1279 || || [[James II of Majorca|James II]] agreed by treaty to become a vassal of [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]].
|-
| 5 August || ''Siege of Algeciras (1278–79)'': A [[Marinid dynasty|Marinid]] force destroyed the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] navy in port in the [[Bay of Gibraltar]] and captured and executed the soldiers besieging the city.
|-
| 1280 || 23 June || ''[[Battle of Moclín (1280)]]'': A force consisting of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] soldiers and most of the [[Order of Santiago]] was wiped out by a [[Emirate of Granada|Granadan]] army at [[Moclín]] while returning from a raid.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1282 || || [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]], facing military pressure from his [[nobility]], was forced to accept his son [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho IV the Brave of Castile]] as his heir.
|-
| 30 March || ''[[Sicilian Vespers]]'': A number of French officers were killed by locals in rioting near [[Palermo]].
|-
| || ''[[War of the Sicilian Vespers]]'': [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]] rebels appealed to [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter the Great]] to overthrow [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles of Anjou's]] administration and rule by right of his wife [[Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon]], [[Manfred, King of Sicily|Manfred's]] daughter.
|-
| 1283 || 8 July || ''[[Battle of Malta]]'': An [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] fleet surprised and sank a [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] fleet in the [[Grand Harbour]], delaying the latter's planned invasion of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1284 || 2 February || ''[[Aragonese Crusade]]'': The pope [[Pope Martin IV]] called for a [[Crusades|crusade]] against [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter the Great]], and declared him deposed in [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] in favor of [[Charles, Count of Valois]], the [[count]] of Valois.
|-
| 4 April || [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]] died.  He was succeeded by [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho the Brave]], though his will appointed his grandson [[Alfonso de la Cerda]] his successor in [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| 5 June || ''[[Battle of the Gulf of Naples]]'': The [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]] navies drew out a [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] fleet in the [[Gulf of Naples]] and captured [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles of Anjou]] as well as some ten galleys.
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1285 || 4 September || ''[[Battle of Les Formigues]]'': A [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]]-[[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] fleet decisively defeated the [[Kingdom of France|French]] and [[Republic of Genoa|Genoans]], probably near the [[Formigues Islands]].
|-
| 30 September || ''[[Battle of the Col de Panissars]]'': An [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] force massacred the [[Kingdom of France|French]] army during its retreat over the [[Pyrenees]].
|-
| 11 November || [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter the Great]] died at [[Vilafranca del Penedès]].  He was succeeded as king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] by his eldest son [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso III the Liberal, the Free of Aragon]] and as king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] by his second son [[James II of Aragon|James II the Just of Aragon]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]] conquered [[Mallorca]].
|-
| 1286 || || [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]] conquered [[Ibiza]].
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1287 || 17 January || [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]] conquered [[Menorca]] and annexed it to the [[Kingdom of Majorca]], dissolving its autonomous government.
|-
| 23 June || ''[[Battle of the Counts]]'': A [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]]-[[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] fleet defeated a superior [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] force at [[Naples]], breaking the latter's attempted invasion of Sicily.
|-
| 20 December || The [[Union of Aragon]], a political organization of [[nobility|nobles]] and townspeople in [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], won the Privilege of the Union, a devolution of many royal powers to the Aragonese nobility, from [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]].
|-
| 1288 || || [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]] released [[Alfonso de la Cerda]] from captivity in the fortress at [[Xàtiva]] and declared him king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1291 || 19 February || ''Aragonese Crusade'': The pope [[Pope Nicholas IV]], [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV the Fair, the Iron King of France]], king of [[Kingdom of France|France]], [[Charles II of Naples|Charles II the Lame of Naples]], king of [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], and [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]] signed the [[Treaty of Tarascon]], ending the [[Crusades|crusade]].  Alfonso the Liberal agreed to remove all [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] troops from [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].  In return, the pope recognized him as king of Aragon and lifted his [[excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunication]].
|-
| 18 June || [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso the Liberal]] died.  He was succeeded by [[James II of Aragon|James the Just]].
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1295 || || ''[[Battle of Iznalloz]]'': The [[Emirate of Granada]] expelled a [[Kingdom of Castile|Castillian]] garrison and the [[Order of Calatrava]] from their fortress overlooking the border at [[Iznalloz]].
|-
| 25 April || [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho the Brave]] died of tuberculosis in [[Toledo, Spain]].  He was succeeded by his young son [[Ferdinand IV of Castile|Ferdinand IV the Summoned of Castile]] as king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]], with his wife [[María de Molina]] acting as regent.
|-
| 20 June || The pope [[Pope Boniface VIII]], [[James II of Aragon|James the Just]], [[Philip IV of France|Philip the Fair]], [[Charles II of Naples|Charles the Lame]] and [[James II of Majorca]] signed the [[Treaty of Anagni]].  Under the treaty, James the Just granted [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] to the pope, who in turn gifted it to Charles the Lame, and agreed to aid the latter in its reconquest.
|-
| || ''War of the Sicilian Vespers'': The people of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] rejected the [[Treaty of Anagni]] and acclaimed [[James II of Aragon|James the Just's]] younger brother [[Frederick III of Sicily]] their king.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1296 || April || [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] troops invaded [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in support of [[Alfonso de la Cerda]]'s claim to the throne.
|-
| || [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos]], a son of [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso the Wise]], was crowned king of [[Kingdom of León|León]], [[Kingdom of Seville|Seville]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] in [[León, Spain]].
|-
| || [[Alfonso de la Cerda]] was crowned king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], [[Castilian Kingdom of Toledo|Toledo]], [[Kingdom of Córdoba|Córdoba]], [[Murcia]] and [[Kingdom of Jaén|Jaén]] at [[Sahagún]].
|-
| 1297 || 13 September || [[María de Molina]] and [[Denis of Portugal]], king of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] signed the [[Treaty of Alcañices (1297)|Treaty of Alcañices]].  Denis agreed to support [[Ferdinand IV of Castile|Ferdinand the Summoned]] against the rebels [[Alfonso de la Cerda]] and [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos|John of Castile]] and to give him the hand of his daughter [[Constance of Portugal]] in marriage.  In exchange, he received some [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] territory along the Portuguese border.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1299 || 4 July || ''[[Battle of Cape Orlando]]'': An [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]]-[[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] fleet defeated the [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]] navy near [[Sicily]].
|-
| 1 December || ''[[Battle of Falconaria]]'': A [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]] fleet decisively defeated the [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] navy off the shore between [[Marsala]] and [[Trapani]] and captured its commander, [[Charles II of Naples|Charles the Lame's]] son [[Philip I, Prince of Taranto]].
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1300 || 14 June || ''[[Battle of Ponza (1300)]]'': An [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]]-[[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] fleet defeated a [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicilian]] one near [[Ponza]].
|-
| 26 June || [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos|John of Castile]] renounced his royal titles and declared his fealty to [[Ferdinand IV of Castile|Ferdinand the Summoned]].
|}

== 14th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1331 || || In the city of Alicante, Moorish forces attempted a siege.
|-
| 1339 || || The Treaty of Madrid was signed in Madrid.
|-
| 1366 || || Starts a civil war against [[Henry II of Castile|Enrique de Trastamara]], son of [[Alfonso XI]].
|}

== 15th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1469 || 19 October || [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] were married, laying the foundation for the unification of the kingdoms of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] and [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] into Spain.
|-
| 1474 || 10 December || The reign of [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]] began.
|-
| 1475 || || The ''[[War of the Castilian Succession]]'' began. [[Vasco Nunez de Balboa]] was born.
|-
| 1478 || || The [[Spanish Inquisition]] was founded.
|- 
|rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1479 || || ''War of the Castilian Succession'': The war ended.
|-
| 20 January || The reign of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] began.
|-
| 4 September || By the [[Treaty of Alcáçovas]], [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] recognized Spanish control of the [[Canary Islands]].
|-
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1492 || 12 October || Spanish conquerors discover (encounter) America
|-
| || The ''[[Reconquista]]'' ended.
|-
| || Jews were expelled from Spain by the [[Alhambra Decree]]. 
|-
| 3 August || Columbus sets sail.
|-
| 1493 || || ''[[Spanish colonization of the Americas]]'' began.
|-
| 1494 || || The [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] was signed.
|-
| 1499 || || ''[[Italian War of 1499-1504]]'': [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] allied with the [[Kingdom of France|French]] King [[Louis XII of France]].
|}

== 16th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event ||
|-
| 1501 || April || The [[Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501)]], a series of uprisings by the Muslim population of the Kingdom of Granada against their Catholic rulers was defeated.
|-
| 1504 || || Isabella I of Castile died. Her daughter, [[Joanna of Castile]] succeeded her with her father, Ferdinand as regent
|-
| 1506 || || Christopher Columbus died at the age of 51 from an illness.
|-
| 1512 || || [[Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre]] began.
|- 
|-Christopher Columbus died at the age of 51 from an illness that took his precious life away from him.
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1516 || || [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] died.
|-
| || [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], became King of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] and [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]].
|-
| 1519 || ||[[Vasco Nunez de Balboa]] died. 
|-
| 1535 || 8 March ||[[New Spain]] began till 1821. 
|-
| 1554 || 25 July || [[Kingdom of England|English]] Queen [[Mary I of England]] married Spanish Prince [[Philip II of Spain|Philip]].<ref>((cite web|title=RCIN 630355 – Philippus II 1555|url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/themes/trails/spanish-state-visit-to-the-uk-2017/philippus-ii|website=www.royalcollection.org.uk|access-date=26 July 2017|language=en))</ref>
|-
| 1556 || || [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles]] abdicated in favor of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip]], who became King Philip II of Spain.
|-
| 1557 || || ''[[Battle of St. Quentin (1557)]]'': Spain won the battle.
|-
| 1561 || || [[Philip II of Spain|Philip]] moved his court to [[Madrid]].
|-
| 1568 || || ''[[Dutch Revolt]]'': A revolt began against [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] control of the [[Netherlands]]. This started the [[Eighty Years' War]]
|-
| 1571 ||7 October|| ''[[Battle of Lepanto (1571)]]'': The [[Holy League (1571)|Holy League]] was victorious.
|-
| 1578 || || ''Dutch Revolt'': The revolt ended.
|-
| 1580 || 25 August || The [[Iberian Union]] of the crowns of [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]], [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] was established.||[[File:Philip II's realms in 1598.png|thumb|upright=1.35|The realms of [[Philip II of Spain]]
((legend|#008000|Territories administered by the [[Council of Castile]]))
((legend|#f5ab12|Territories administered by the [[Council of Aragon]]))
((legend|#0000ff|Territories administered by the [[Council of Portugal]]))
((legend|#800000|Territories administered by the [[Council of Italy]]))
((legend|#ff0000|Territories administered by the [[Council of the Indies]]))
((legend|#d87ada|Territories appointed to the [[Supreme Council of Flanders|Council of Flanders]]))]]
[[File:Dominios de Felipe II.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Philip's European and North African dominions as of 1580]]
|-
| 1581 || 26 July|| [[Dutch Republic]], the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, declared their independence against Spanish rule.
|-
| 1585 || || ''[[Anglo–Spanish War (1585)]]'': The war began. It was an intermittent conflict 
|-
| 1588 || 8 August || The [[Spanish Armada]] was defeated in the [[English Channel]]. 
|-
| 1589 || || The [[English_Armada|English Armada]] (known as the Counter Armada) was defeated. 
|-
| 1598 || 13 September || Philip II died in [[El Escorial]], near Madrid, of cancer.<ref>((citation|last=Koenigsberger|first=Helmut Georg|title=Philip II|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|year=2012|url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456081/Philip-II|access-date=31 January 2012))</ref> He was succeeded by his 20-year-old son, [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]].
|}

== 17th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
| 1604 || || ''[[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War (1598)]]'': The war ends with the treaty of London, which is beneficial to both the Spanish and the English side. 
|-
| 1605 || || The [[Treaty of London (1604)]] was signed concluding the nineteen-year Anglo-Spanish War on peace terms.
|-
| 1609 || April 9 || The [[Expulsion of the Moriscos]] was decreed. The Moriscos were descendants of Spain's Muslim population that had converted to Christianity in the early 16th century. 
|-
| 1618 || || ''[[Thirty Years' War]]'': The war, one of the [[List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll|most destructive]] conflicts in human history,<ref>Peter H. Wilson, ''Europe's Tragedy: A New History of the Thirty Years War'' (London: Penguin, 2010), 787.</ref>  began.
|-
| 1621 || || [[Philip IV of Spain]] was crowned.<ref name=philipiv>((cite web|title=Philip IV – king of Spain and Portugal|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=26 July 2017|language=en))</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1640 || || ''[[Portuguese Restoration War]]'': The war began.
|-
| || The [[Iberian Union]] was dissolved.
|-
| 1648 || || The [[Treaty of Westphalia]] was signed. Habsburg supremacy was curtailed. Recognition of the independence of the Dutch Republic by the Spanish Empire. Recognition of Spanish sovereignty of Southern Netherlands and Luxembourg by the Dutch Republic. 
|-
| 1659 || || The [[Peace of the Pyrenees]] was signed to end the 1635–1659 war between France and Spain. Spain lost [[French Flanders]] and northern part of the [[Principality of Catalonia]].
|-
| 1665 || || [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] died.<ref name=philipiv /> The Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2&nbsp;million square kilometers (4.7&nbsp;million square miles) in area
|-
| 1668 || || The [[Treaty of Lisbon (1668)|Treaty of Lisbon]] was signed. Spain recognized the sovereignty of Portugal's new ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza. 
|-
| 1675 || || [[Charles II of Spain]], the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire, was crowned.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|1700 || 1 November|| [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]] died childless . 
|-
| ||  [[House_of_Bourbon#Philip_V|House of Bourbon]] began with [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]].
|}

== 18th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 1701 || || ''[[War of the Spanish Succession]]'': The war began.||[[File:Europe c. 1700.png|thumb|200px|Europe in 1701 at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession. Colour Grey: Spanish Monarchy ([[Crown of Castile]], [[Crown of Aragon]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Spanish viceroyalty of Naples]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], [[Duchy of Milan]] and [[Spanish Netherlands]]).]] 
|-
| 1707 || 29 June|| ''[[Nueva Planta decrees]]'': [[History of Spain (1700–1808)|Kingdom of Spain]] as an [[absolute monarchy]] and a centralized state, abolishing the political differences of the two crowns ([[Crown of Castile]], [[Crown of Aragon]]).
|-
| 1713 ||  || ''[[Peace of Utrecht]]'' till 1715. The Kingdom of Spain lost [[Spanish Netherlands]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Spanish viceroyalty of Naples]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], [[Duchy of Milan]], [[Menorca]] and [[Gibraltar]].
|-
| 1717 || 27 May || [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]] began.
|-
| 1761 || || ''[[Seven Years' War]]'': Spain declared war on [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]. 
|-
| 1763 ||10 February || [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]]. Spain recovers [[Florida]] and obtains [[Louisiana (New Spain)|Louisiana]] till 1801.
|-
| 1778 || || ''[[American Revolutionary War]]'': Spain supported the United States.
|-
| 1789 || || Spain during this time opened up the slave trade to [[Havana]]. 
|-
| 1790 || || [[Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest|Spanish base in Nootka Sound]]. Maximum extension of the [[Spanish empire]].||[[File:SpanishEmpire1790.svg|thumb|200px|Spanish Empire in 1790.]]. 
|}

== 19th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 1801 || || Louisiana given to France
|-
| 1806 || || ''[[British invasions of the Río de la Plata]]'': The invasions began.
|-
| 1807 || || ''British invasions of the Río de la Plata'': The invasions ended.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1808 || || ''[[Peninsular War]]'': The war began.|| [[File:01 campañasfrancesasenespana.svg|thumb|200px|Military campaign of Napoleonic troops in Spain (1808-1812). Dark blue: Territories annexed by France]]
|-
| 2 May || ''[[Dos de Mayo Uprising]]'': An uprising took place in [[Madrid]] against the [[First French Empire|French]] occupation of the city.
|-
| 1809 || || ''[[Bolivian Independence War]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1811 || || ''[[Venezuelan War of Independence]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1812 || || The [[Spanish Constitution of 1812]] was issued.
|-
| 1814 || || ''Peninsular War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1815 || || ''[[Spanish reconquest of New Granada]]'': The reconquest began.
|-
| 1816 || || ''Spanish reconquest of New Granada'': The reconquest ended.
|-
| 1820 || || ''[[Trienio Liberal]]'': The period began.
|-
| 1823 || || ''Trienio Liberal'': The period ended.
|-
| 1824 || || ''Bolivian Independence War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1833 || || ''[[First Carlist War]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1839 || || ''First Carlist War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1846 || || ''[[Second Carlist War]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1849 || || ''Second Carlist War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1864 || || ''[[Chincha Islands War]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1866 || || ''Chincha Islands War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1868 || || ''[[Ten Years' War]]'': A war with [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Cuba]] began.
|-
| 1872 || || ''[[Third Carlist War]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1873 || || The First Spanish Republic was established.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1874 || || ''[[Spain under the Restoration]]'': The period began.
|-
| || The First Spanish Republic was disestablished.
|-
| 1876 || || ''Third Carlist War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1878 || || ''Ten Years' War'': The war ended.
|-
| 1879 || || [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]] founds the [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] or PSOE in [[Casa Labra]], a bar from [[Madrid]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1898 || 25 April || ''[[Spanish–American War]]'': The war began.||  [[File:Spain_in_1898.png|thumb|200px|Spanish Empire as of 1898.]]
|-
| 12 August || ''Spanish–American War'': The war ended.
|}

== 20th century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event || Map
|-
| 1912 ||27 November  || [[Spanish protectorate in Morocco]] till 1956.|| [[File:Morocco_Protectorate.svg|thumb|200px|Pink: Spanish Morocco. Red: Spain and Spanish colonies.]] 
|-
| 1914 ||28 July  ||  [[Spain during World War I|Spain remained neutral throughout World War I]].  
|-
| 1920 || || ''[[Rif War (1920)]]'': The war began.
|-
| 1923 ||13 September || [[Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera]] till 1930.
|-
| 1926 || || ''Rif War (1920)'': The war ended.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1931 || || The [[Second Spanish Republic]] was established.
|-
| || ''Spain under the Restoration'': The period ended.
|-
| 1936 || || [[Spanish Civil War]] (to 1939) || [[File:General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39).svg|thumb|200px|Brown: Initial Nationalist zone – July 1936]]
|-
| 1939  || || ''[[Spain under Franco]]'': The period began.
|-
|1953
|
|Spain and the United States signs the [[Pact of Madrid]].
|-
|1955
|
|Spain joins the [[United Nations]].
|-
| 1959 || || ''[[Spanish miracle]]'': A period of economic growth began.
|-
| 1973 || || ''Spanish miracle'': The period ended.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1975 || || ''[[History of Spain (1975–present)]]''
|-
| 6 November || The [[Green March]] forced Spain to hand over its last remaining colonial possession, [[Spanish Sahara]], to [[Morocco]].
|-
| 20 November || [[Francisco Franco]] died; the monarchy was restored to [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]].
|-
| 1976 ||18 November || ''[[Spanish transition to democracy]]'': The transition began.
|-
| 1977 ||15 June || First [[1977 Spanish general election|democratic election]] since 1934.
|-
| 1978 ||27 December || The [[Spanish Constitution of 1978]] was signed by the King.|| [[File:Comunidades autónomas de España.svg|thumb|200px|Autonomous communities of Spain]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 1981 || || ''[[Spanish society after the democratic transition]]'': A democratic society was established.
|-
| 23 February || ''[[23-F]]'': An attempted coup took place.
|-
|1982
|
|Spain joins [[NATO]].
|-
| 1986 || || Spain joined the [[European Union]].<ref>((cite web|title=Spain in the European Union: the first twenty-five years (1986–2011)|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/32455/|website=University of Pittsburgh|access-date=25 July 2017))</ref>
|-
| 1992 || || ''[[1992 Summer Olympics]]'': The Summer Olympics were held in [[Barcelona]].<ref>((cite web|title=Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Barcelona-1992-Olympic-Games|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=25 July 2017|language=en))</ref>
|-
|1997
|
|Spain hosts the [[1997 NATO Madrid summit|1997 NATO Summit]].
|-
| 1998 || || Judge [[Baltasar Garzón]] issued an international arrest warrant for former Chilean dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]].
|-
| 1999 ||1 January || Spain joins [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union]]. Euro is a real currency, and a single monetary policy is introduced under the authority of the ECB.||[[File:Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion.svg|thumb|200px|[[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union|Eurozone]] as of [[2023]]. Blue color: Members of the Eurozone. Rest of colors: Members of the European Union outside the Eurozone.]]  
|}

== 21st century ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
|-
|[[2003 in Spain|2003]]
|22 August
|[[Fernando Alonso]] wins the [[2003 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian Grand Prix]], marking him F1's youngest winner.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 2004 || 11 March || ''[[2004 Madrid train bombings]]'': [[Madrid]] train bombings killed one hundred and ninety-one and injured over two thousand. Prime Minister [[José María Aznar]] blamed the [[Basque people|Basque]] terrorists [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]].
|-
| 14 March || [[José María Aznar|Aznar's]] [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] lost an election after the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] of [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] promised to withdraw Spanish troops from [[Iraq]].
|-
| 2005 || || [[Patrimoni Digital de Catalunya]] ([[web archive|archive]]) established.
|-
|2005
|25 September
|Fernando Alonso wins the [[2005 Formula One World Championship|Championship]] against [[Kimi Räikkönen]] in [[2005 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]], marking him F1's youngest world champion.
|-
| 2006 || || ''[[2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing]]'': A bombing by [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] ended an active ceasefire and peace negotiations.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;"| 2008 || || Moroccan national [[Jamal Zougam]] was found guilty of the 2004 train bombings in [[Madrid]].
|-
| || [[Baltasar Garzón|Garzón]] was charged with criminal conduct in three cases, causing an international scandal and protests. 
|-
| || Spain won the [[UEFA European Championship]] Final, establishing the team as an international soccer power house.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 2010 || || Spain won the [[FIFA World Cup]].<ref>((cite web|title=Spain win World Cup 2010|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/spain/7884485/Spain-win-World-Cup-2010.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=25 July 2017|language=en))</ref>
|-
| || [[Baltasar Garzón|Garzón]] was granted leave to work as a consultant to the [[International Criminal Court]] at [[The Hague]].
|-
| 2015 || || [[Artur Mas]] defies Spain by calling early elections on independence of the region of Catalonia.
|-
| rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;"| 2017 || 17–18 August || ''[[2017 Barcelona attacks]]'': [[Barcelona]], [[Cambrils]], [[Alcanar]] and [[Subirats]] were attacked by terrorists from [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL).
|-
| 1 October || ''[[2017 Catalan independence referendum]]'': An unconstitutional referendum of independence were called by Generalitat de Catalunya, as Parliament of Catalonia approved the Law on the Referendum of Self-determination of Catalonia. In early September the High Court of Justice of Catalonia had issued orders to the police to try to prevent it, including the detention of various persons responsible for its preparation.
|-
| 27 October || ''[[Catalan declaration of independence]]'': Catalan unilateral declaration of independence was ratified by Parliament of Catalonia as the results of the referendum were in favor. Spain considers this action illegal and article 155 of the constitution was applied.
|-
| 29 October || [[Carles Puigdemont]] flee from Spain to avoid being arrested after his dismissal by Spain, after proclaiming the independence of Catalonia.
|-
| 2018 || || [[Pedro Sánchez]] is sworn in as Prime Minister after winning a motion of censure.
|-
| 2019 || || ''[[Trial of Catalonia independence leaders]]'': Takes place over several months, following the 2017 declaration of independence of Catalonia. Nine defendants sentenced to 9 to 13 years in prison on sedition and misuse of public funds charges; three other defendants fined for disobedience. [[2019–20 Catalan protests|This sparked subsequent protests by independence citizens]].
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| 2020 || 13 January || ''[[Sánchez II Government]]'': It become the first nationwide coalition government to be formed in Spain since the Second Spanish Republic. The parties were [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) and [[Unidas Podemos]].
|-
| 31 January || ''[[COVID-19 pandemic]]'' starts in Spain with the first confirmated case in [[La Gomera]] (Canary Islands). You can view the confirmed cases, recovered and deaths in this link: [[COVID-19 pandemic in Spain]].
|-
|[[2022 in Spain|2022]]
|28 June
|Spain hosts the [[2022 Madrid summit|2022 Madrid Summit]].
|}

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Spanish history timelines| ]]
[[Category:Timelines by country|Spanish]]
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Timeline of Spanish history (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citation (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dynamic list (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Greater color contrast ratio (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Legend (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Legend/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Refimprove (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:· (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Color contrast (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Color contrast/colors (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Return to Timeline of Spanish history.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Spanish_history"