The timeline of major famines in India prior to 1765 covers major famines in India from 1 AD to 1765 AD. The famines included here span the entirety of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Republic of India, Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The year 1765 is chosen as the end date as that was the start of the colonial period.

Timeline

Chronological List of Famines in India between 1 AD and 1765 AD
Year Area Affected Mortality (if known)
1509[1][2] Bangalore (to possible Coromandel Coast) Unknown
1520[3] Deccan to South India Unknown
1521[4][5] Malabar Coast, Afghanistan Unknown
1525-26[6][7][8][9] Gujarat, Multan Unknown
1528[10] Ahmednagar Unknown
1534[11][12][13] Kashmir Unknown
1539-40[14][15][16] Cambay Unknown
1540-42[17][18][19] Sindh Unknown
1544[20][21] Parava Unknown
1550 (roughly)[22][23] Kollam, Punjab Unknown
1555-56[24][25][26][27][28] Delhi Unknown
1557[29] Cochin Unknown
1564[30] Goa Unknown
1570 (roughly)[31][32][33][34] Cambay, Fishery Coast, Tamil Nadu, Goa Unknown
1572[35] Sirhind Unknown
1574-75[36][37][26][38] Gujarat, Bengal, Bihar, Scarcity in UP Unknown
1576[39][40] Kashmir Unknown
1577[41][42] Kutch, Punjab Unknown
1578[43][44] Bikaner Unknown
1591[45] Goa Unknown
1595-98[46][47][48][49][50] Punjab, Doab Unknown
1613[51] Udaipur Hill Tracts Unknown
1614-16[52][53][54][55][56] Doab, Mewar (only 1614, roughly) Unknown
1616-17[57][58][59][60] Kashmir Unknown
1618-19[61][62] Southern Mughal Empire, Coromandel Unknown
1619[63] Goa Unknown
1622[64][65][66] South East India (since 1620) Unknown
1626[67] Fishery Coast Unknown
1628[68] Masulipatam Unknown
1629-32[69] Deccan Unknown
1630[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] Entire India Unknown
1631[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] Entire India (continuation from 1630) At least 7,400,000 since 1630.
1632-3[95][96][97][98][99] Entire India (continued from 1630) At least 7,400,000
1635[100] Northern India Unknown
1636[101][102] South-East India, Punjab Unknown
1640-41[103][104][105] Central India, South-East India Unknown
1641 (or 1642)[106][107][108] Kashmir Unknown
1642[109][110][111] East Coast of India Unknown
1644[112] Madurai to Coromandel Coast Unknown
1646-48 (till 1647 in Madurai to Coromandel Coast)[113][114][115][116][117][118] Madurai to Coromandel Coast, Punjab Unknown
1647[119] Agra to Ahmedabad Unknown
1648-49[120][121] Madurai to Coromandel Coast Unknown
1649[122] Goa Unknown
1650-51[123][124] North-Central India Unknown
1651[125] Kashmir Unknown
1658-61[126][127][128][129][130] Northwest to East India Unknown
1659-61[131][132][133][134] South-East India Unknown
1661[135][136][137][138][139][140] Central North India, Mewar Unknown
1662-63[141][142][143][144] Eastern Bengal Unknown
1663-64[145][146][147][148] Punjab to Gujarat, South-East India Unknown
1665[149][150][151] Jaipur Unknown
1669-70[152][153] Bombay Unknown
1670-71[154][155][156] Bihar, Bengal 100,000 dead in Patna alone.
1671-73[157][158] Deccan (Bombay Karanatak) Unknown
1673-75[159][160][161] Madurai to Gingee, Gujarat Unknown
1678[162][163][164] Marwar, Madurai Unknown
1681[165][166] Negapatnam, Marwar Unknown
1682[167][168] Ahmedabad Unknown
1685-6 (only 1685 in Kashmir)[169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183] Kashmir, Southern India Unknown
1685-1689[184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200] South-East India, Deccan (only 1687), Golconda (1685-1687) Unknown
1688[201][202] Mandi state, Delhi (possibly) Unknown
1690[203] Gujarat Unknown
1694-1697 (till 1695 in Gujarat to Rajasthan, till 1697 in Coromandel Coast, 1696–7 in Marwar to North Gujarat)[204][205][206][207][208][209][210] Coromandel Coast, Gujarat to Rajasthan, Marwar to North Gujarat Unknown
1699-1700[211] Satara Unknown
1702-1704[212][213][214][197][215] Deccan Unknown
1703[216] Thurr and Parker, Sindh Unknown
1705-1707 (only 1705 in Marwar)[217][218] Deccan, Marwar Unknown
1708-1709[186][219][220][221][222][223] Southern India Unknown
1710-1712[224][225] Calcutta, East Coast Unknown
1711-12 (only 1711 in Jaipur)[226][227][228][229] Jaipur, Coromandel Coast Unknown
1713[230] Osmanabad (possibly to Nanded) Unknown
1716[226] Jaipur Unknown
1717-1720 (only till 1719 in Gujarat)[186][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239] Madras to Madurai, Gujarat Unknown
1721-1723[240] Canavay, Mysore Unknown
1723-24 (possibly Gujarat in 1723)[241][242] Kashmir, Gujarat (possibly) Unknown
1727-1728[243][244][245][246][247][248][249] Tamil Nadu Unknown
1729[250][251][252][253][254] South-West India, Coromandel Coast Unknown
1730[255] Ludhiana Unknown
1731-1732 (only 1731 in Coromandel Coast and Kashmir)[256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][241] Gujarat, Coromandel Coast to Orissa, Kashmir Unknown
1733-1736[264][265][256][266][267][268][269][270] Madras (extended to South-East India by 1734) Unknown
1737-1738[271][186][272][273][274][275][256][276] East Coast, Malwa to Ahmedabad Unknown
1738[277][278][279][280][281] Coromandel Coast to Tanjore (since 1737), Bengal Unknown
1739[282][283] Delhi Unknown
1741[284][285][286] Eastern Tamil Nadu Unknown
1742-43[287] Gujarat Unknown
1745[288][289][290][291] Kashmir, Nara area in Sindh (till 1752) Unknown
1746-1747[292][293][294][295][296][297][230][186][298][299][300] Gujarat, Rajasthan, Coromandel Coast, Mysore, Osmanabad Unknown
1750 (or 1751)[301] Bellary Unknown
1751[302] East Gujarat Unknown
1752-1755[291] South-West Sindh Unknown
1753-54[303] Rohtak (in Haryana) Unknown
1754[304] Kashmir Unknown
1755[305][306][307][308][309][310] Kashmir, South-East Tamil Nadu (till 1756) Unknown
1756[311][312][313] Gujarat, Marwar, Adoni Unknown
1757[314] Kutch Unknown
1758[315] Punjab Unknown
1759-1761[316][317][318][319][320][321][186] Punjab (since 1758), Kutch to Sindh (till 1760), east Tamil Nadu (till 1760) Unknown
1761[322][323][324][325][326][327] Bengal, Mewat, parts of Rajasthan Unknown
1762[328] Multan Unknown
1763[329] Mewar, Rajasthan Unknown
1765[305] Kashmir Unknown

References

  1. ^ Fleet, J.F. (1905). Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol. IX. Inscriptions in the Bangalore District. By B. Lewis Rice, C.I.E., MRAS., Director of Archæological Researches in Mysore. (Bangalore: Mysore Government Central Press, 1905.). pp. 123, 151–2.
  2. ^ Barbosa, Duarte (1921). The Book of Duarte Barbosa (Vol. 2). pp. 125–6.
  3. ^ Etheridge, Alfred Thomas (1868). Report on past famines in the Bombay Presidency. Printed for government at the Education Society's Press, Byculla. p. 100. OCLC 919770881.
  4. ^ da Silva Rego, Antonio (1947). Documentacao para a historia das missoes do Padroado Portugues do Oriente : India (Vol. 1). Agência Geral do Ultramar. pp. 450–51.
  5. ^ Erskine, William (1854). A history of India under the first two sovereigns of the house of Taimur, Baber and Humayun (Volume 1). p. 355.
  6. ^ "A Brief History of the Gujarat Saltanat (Part II)". Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 25 (2): 289. 1920.
  7. ^ Bayley, Sir E.C. (1886). The history of India as told by its own historians. The local Muhammadan dynasties. Gujarat. p. 333.
  8. ^ Khān, ʻAlī Muḥammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi; a Persian history of Gujarat. English translation, translated from the Persian original of Ali Muhammad Khan, by M.F. Lokhandwala. Oriental Institute. pp. 58–9. OCLC 977834826.
  9. ^ Elliot, Henry M. (1850). Bibliographical index to the historians of Muhammedan India (Vol. 1). p. 201.
  10. ^ Astarābādī, Firishtah, Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh (1794). Ferishta's History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests: a continuation from other native writers, of the events in that part of India, to the reduction of its last monarchs by the Emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe: also, the reigns of his successors ... to the present day: and the history of Bengal, from the accession of Aliverdee Khan to the year 1780. Comprised in six parts. By Jonathan Scott, ... (Vol. 1). printed by J. and W. Eddowes, for John Stockdale, London. pp. 365–6. OCLC 1171184266.((cite book)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Parmu, R.K. (1969). A History Of Muslim Rule In Kashmir 1320-1819. pp. 214–5.
  12. ^ Aḥmad, Khwājah Niẓāmuddin (2015). The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of Khwājah Niẓāmuddīn Aḥmad : a history of India from the early Musalmān invasions to the thirty-sixth year of the reign of Akbar (Vol. 3). pp. 704–5. ISBN 978-93-81574-33-1. OCLC 935461267.
  13. ^ Dutt, Jogesh C. (1898). Kings of Kashmira (Vol. 3). pp. 373–5.
  14. ^ O Investigador portuguez em Inglaterra (Vol. 16). 1816. pp. 280–1.
  15. ^ Correa, Gaspar (1864). Lendas da India (Vol. 4). pp. 131–2.
  16. ^ Rice, B. Lewis (1898). Epigraphia Carnatica, vol. IV. Inscriptions in the Mysore District (Pt. 2). pp. 27–8.
  17. ^ Etheridge, Alfred Thomas (1868). Report on past famines in the Bombay Presidency. Printed for government at the Education Society's Press, Byculla. p. 16. OCLC 919770881.
  18. ^ Nāmī, MUḢAMMAD MA'ṠŪM, Bhakarī, called (1855). A History of Sind, embracing the period from A.D. 710 to A.D. 1590; written in Persian by Mahomed Masoom; and translated ... by Captain George Grenville Malet ... assisted by Peer Mahomed ... Edited by R. Hughes Thomas. pp. 110–18. OCLC 562852528.((cite book)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Elliot, H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir (5 July 2014). The history of India, as told by its own historians : the Muhammadan period (Vol. 1). pp. 280–81. ISBN 978-1-139-50721-9. OCLC 1187192446.((cite book)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ du Jaric, P. Pierre (1608). Histoire des choses plus mémorables advenues tant ez Indes orientales, que autres païs de la descouverte des Portugais. (Vol. 1). pp. 112–3.
  21. ^ Venn, Henry (1862). The Missionary Life and Labours of Francis Xavier Taken from His Own Correspondence: With a Sketch of the General Results of Roman Catholic Missions Among the Heathen. pp. 59–61.
  22. ^ Bartoli, Daniello (1820). Dell'istoria della Compagnia di Gesu' l'Asia (Pt. 1, Book 3). p. 205.
  23. ^ Macauliffe, M. (Max) (1909). The Sikh religion : its gurus, sacred writings and authors. (Vol. 2). p. 36. ISBN 978-1-139-50659-5. OCLC 893423152.
  24. ^ Elliot, Sir Henry M. (1850). Bibliographical index to the historians of Muhammedan India (Vol. 1). pp. 232–3.
  25. ^ Elliot, Sir Henry M. (1873). The History Of India, As Told By Its Own Historians (Vol. 5). pp. 490–1.
  26. ^ a b Kumar, Raj (2003). Essays on Medieval India. p. 128.
  27. ^ Abu-l Fazl (1875). Akbar nama (trans. E. Mackenzie). pp. 21–2.
  28. ^ Abul Fazl' Allami (1894). Ain I Akbari (trans. H.S. Jarett) (Vol. 3). pp. 425–6.
  29. ^ da Silva Rego, Antonio (1947). Documentação para a história das missões do padroado português do Oriente. p. 386.
  30. ^ da Silva Rego, Antonio (1953). Documentacao para a historia das missoes do Padroado Portugues do Oriente : India (Vol. 9). p. 360.
  31. ^ de Federici, Cesare (1587). Viaggio di Messer Cesare de Federici nell'India Orientale. pp. Capitolo 7.
  32. ^ Caldwell, Robert (1881). A Political and General History of the District of Tinnevelly, in the Presidency of Madras. p. 72.
  33. ^ de Sousa Amado, José (1876). Historia da Egreja Catholica em Portugal, no Brazil e nas possessões portuguezas (Vol. 7 pt. 2). pp. 319–20.
  34. ^ Wicki, Josef (1964). Documenta Indica (Vol. 8). pp. 351–2.
  35. ^ Habib, Irfan (1999). The agrarian system of Mughal India (1526-1707). p. 114.
  36. ^ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1962). Akbar The Great (Vol. 1). p. 169.
  37. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1873). The History of India, as Told By Its Own Historians (Vol. 5). p. 384.
  38. ^ Abu'l-Fazl (1939). The Akbar Nama (trans. H Beveridge) (Vol. 3). pp. 148–9.
  39. ^ Parmu, R.K. (1969). A History Of Muslim Rule In Kashmir 1320-1819. p. 261.
  40. ^ Dutt, Jogesh C. (1898). Kings of Kashmira (Vol. 3). pp. 394–5.
  41. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 25.
  42. ^ Singh, Gurpreet (2014). Soul of Sikhism. p. 75.
  43. ^ Jain, Shalin (2012). "Interaction with The 'Lords': The Jain Community and the Mughal Royalty under Akbar". Social Scientist. 40 (3–4).
  44. ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1963). Jainism in Rajasthan. p. 223.
  45. ^ du Jaric, P. Pierre (1610). Histoire des choses plus mémorables advenues tant ez Indes orientales, que autres païs de la descouverte des Portugais (Vol. 2). p. 459.
  46. ^ Sikh Missionary College (c. 2000s). Brief History Of The Sikh Gurus. p. 36.
  47. ^ Haig, TW; Allan, John; Dodwell, Henry (1935). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (Vol. 2). pp. 374, 379.
  48. ^ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1909). The Sikh Religion, Its Gurus, sacred Writings and Authors (Vol. 3). pp. 189–90.
  49. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 6). p. 94.
  50. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 6). p. 193.
  51. ^ Khan, Shah Nawaz (2003). The Maathir-ul-Umara (trans. H. Beveridge & B. Prashad) (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). p. 400.
  52. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 6). p. 346.
  53. ^ Roe, Sir Thomas (1899). The embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the court of the Great Mogul, 1615-1619 (Vol. 2). pp. 307, 352, 364, 366–67, 375.
  54. ^ Letters received by the East India Company from its servants in the East: Vol. 5, 1617 (January to June). 1901. p. 104.
  55. ^ Letters received by the East India Company from its servants in the East: Vol. 6, 1617 (July to December). 1902. p. 198.
  56. ^ Allan, John; Haig, Thomas Wolseley; Dodwell, Henry (1935). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (Vol. 2). p. 389.
  57. ^ Brief History Of The Sikh Gurus. c. 2000s. p. 45.
  58. ^ Sadhu, Shyam Lal (2003). Rupa Bhavani. p. 51.
  59. ^ Mattoo, Abul Majid (1973). Kashmir Under Jahangir (1605-1627 AD) (M. Phil. Dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 1973). p. 87.
  60. ^ Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (2nd ed.). pp. 105, 110.
  61. ^ Terry, Edward (1777). A voyage to East-India. pp. 226, 390, 393.
  62. ^ Moreland, W.H. (1923). From Akbar to Aurangzeb: A study in Indian economic history. p. 207.
  63. ^ y Sousa, Manuel de Faria (1675). Asia Portuguesa (Vol. 3). p. 349.
  64. ^ Foster, William (1908). The english factories in India, 1622-1623 : a calendar of documents in the India Office and British museum. p. 129.
  65. ^ Vink, Marcus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 289.
  66. ^ Bertrand, J. (1848). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 2). pp. Letter to P. Ant. Vico, November 1622.
  67. ^ Bhavani, C. (2008). Economic History of Tamilnadu from AD 1600 to 1857 (PhD thesis, 2008). p. 364.
  68. ^ The English factories in India, 1630-1633. 1910. p. 79.
  69. ^ Randhawa, M.S. A History of Agriculture in India (Vol. II). p. 340.
  70. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 24.
  71. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 39.
  72. ^ Mundy, Peter (1914). The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667 (Vol. 2). pp. 38–9.
  73. ^ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. East Indies and Persia 1630-1634 (Vol. 8). 1892. pp. 100, 102.
  74. ^ Khan, Inayat (1990). The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan (trans. A.R. Fuller). p. 42.
  75. ^ The English factories in India, 1630-1633. 1910. pp. 19, 60, 79, 97, 117, 122, 129–30, 134.
  76. ^ van Twist, Johan. Generale beschrijvinghe van Indien (edition of 1648). pp. 7–9.
  77. ^ Moreland, W.H. (1923). From Akbar to Aurangzeb: A study in Indian economic history. pp. 171–2, 212–3.
  78. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F.Lokhandwala). p. 179.
  79. ^ Khan, Nawab Samsam-ud-Daula Shah Nawaz (1952). The Maathir-ul-Umara (trans. H. Beveridge) (Vol. 2, Pt. 1). pp. 306–8.
  80. ^ Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind (1979). Surat in the Seventeenth Century. p. 22.
  81. ^ Fraser, J. Nelson; Edwards, J.F. (1922). Life and Teachings of Tukaram. pp. 83–4.
  82. ^ Tukaram (1909). The Poems of Tukarama (trans. J. Nelson Fraser and K.B. Marathe). pp. 43, 113.
  83. ^ Bredsdorff, Asta (1999). Willem Leyels liv og farefulde rejse til Indien. p. 21.
  84. ^ The English factories in India, 1630-1633. 1910. pp. xvi, xxi, 136, 138, 143, 145, 158, 207.
  85. ^ Firishtah, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astirabadi (1772). History of Hindostan (trans. Alexander Dow) (1st ed.). p. 141.
  86. ^ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. East Indies and Persia 1630-1634 (Vol. 8). 1892. pp. 147, 173, 209, 226, 228, 231.
  87. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M.; Lahori, Abdu-l Hamid (1875). Shah Jahan. pp. 32–3.
  88. ^ Dagh-register behouden int Casteel Batavia Anno 1631-34. 1898. pp. 33, 35, 65.
  89. ^ van Twist, Johan (1648). Generale beschrijvinghe van Indien (edition of 1648). pp. 9–10.
  90. ^ Moreland, W.H. (1923). From Akbar to Aurangzeb: A study in Indian economic history. p. 213.
  91. ^ Servaas, A.J. (1887). De Navorscher (Vol. 37 (1)). pp. 4–8.
  92. ^ Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Indian Historical Records Commission Held at Bombay in January 1921. 1921. pp. 45–6.
  93. ^ Blair, Charles (1874). Indian famines; their historical, financial, & other aspects. pp. 19–21.
  94. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. pp. 99–100.
  95. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 440.
  96. ^ Queiros, Fernão de (1689). Historia de vida do veneravel irmaõ Pedro De Basto, coadjutor temporal da Companhia de Jesus, e da variedade de sucessos que deos lhe manifestou. p. 197.
  97. ^ Forster, Sir William (1910). The English factories in India, 1630-1633. p. 218.
  98. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1631-1634. pp. 87, 144, 146.
  99. ^ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. East Indies and Persia 1630-1634 (Vol. 8). 1892. pp. 352, 422, 467.
  100. ^ Wessels, Bernard (1924). Early Jesuit Travellers in Central Asia, 1603–1721. pp. 82–3.
  101. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1636. 1899. pp. 51, 121, 263.
  102. ^ "Famine and Dearth (Exeter University)".
  103. ^ Bredsdorff, Asta (1999). Willem Leyels liv og farefulde rejse til Indien. p. 74.
  104. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1640-1641. 1887. pp. 218, 380.
  105. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1641-1642. 1900. pp. 185–6.
  106. ^ Parmu, R.K. (1969). A History Of Muslim Rule In Kashmir 1320-1819. pp. 318–9.
  107. ^ Khan, Inayat (1990). The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan (trans. A.R. Fuller). pp. 291–2.
  108. ^ Singh, Parkash (1971). The Sikh Gurus and the Temple of Bread. p. 82.
  109. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1641-1642. 1900. pp. 205–6.
  110. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1643-1644. 1902. p. 250.
  111. ^ Bhavani, C. (2008). Economic History of Tamilnadu from AD 1600 to 1857 (PhD thesis, 2008). p. 364.
  112. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1644-1645. 1903. p. 327.
  113. ^ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. pp. 289, 335.
  114. ^ Bredsdorff, Asta (1999). Willem Leyels liv og farefulde rejse til Indien. p. 164.
  115. ^ "Foreningen Trankebar". 1639–55.
  116. ^ The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume. 1939. pp. 73–5.
  117. ^ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. pp. 1, 54, 70, 74, 114, 163–5, 215.
  118. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 1). pp. 74–5, 142, 147.
  119. ^ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. pp. 192, 198.
  120. ^ Bertrand, J. (1848). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 2). pp. Letter du P. Balthasar da Costa, Missionaire du Madure, au R.P.V. Caraffa, Generale de la même Compaign. Cochin, 1648.
  121. ^ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. pp. 246, 259.
  122. ^ Ferro, Bartolomeo (1704). Istoria delle missioni de' chierici regolari, teatini. Con la descrizione de' regni, provincie, città, luoghi, fede, riti, e costumi delle genti, ove andarono, e passarono li missionarii, con li viaggi pericolosi, fatiche fattevi, e frutto raccoltovi per la cattolica religione (Vol. 2). p. 255.
  123. ^ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. p. 322.
  124. ^ The English Factories in India: 1651 - 1654. 1915. pp. 10, 29, 82.
  125. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 98.
  126. ^ The English Factories in India: 1655-1660. 1921. pp. 24, 57, 159, 196, 210, 263, 306–7, 311, 320, 401–2, 407.
  127. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). pp. 246–9.
  128. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1661. 1889. p. 5.
  129. ^ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). p. 105.
  130. ^ Bernier, François (1699). Voyages de François Bernier et description des Etats du Grand Mogol (Vol. 1). p. 202.
  131. ^ The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume. 1939. pp. 75–6.
  132. ^ The English Factories in India: 1655-1660. 1921. p. 257.
  133. ^ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 290.
  134. ^ Perron, Anquetil du (1786). Description historique et géographique de l'Inde (Vol. 2, Pt. 1). p. 50.
  135. ^ Girdlestone, C.E.R. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the North-Western Provinces. p. 6.
  136. ^ Astirabadi Firishtah, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah (1772). History of Hindostan (trans. Alexander Dow) (1st. ed.). p. 340.
  137. ^ Elliot, Sir. H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 263.
  138. ^ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir Jadunath Sarkar). p. 20.
  139. ^ Bernier, François (1699). Voyages de François Bernier et description des Etats du Grand Mogol (Vol. 2). pp. 318–9.
  140. ^ Tod, James (1920). Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan (Vol. 1). pp. 454–5.
  141. ^ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Vol. 41, Pt. 1, 1872). 1872. pp. 91, 93.
  142. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1948). The History Of Bengal: Volume II, Muslim Period 1200 To 1757. pp. 343–4.
  143. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1663. 1891. pp. 21, 167.
  144. ^ Ahmed, Khan Chowdhuri Amanatulla (1942). History of Cooch Behar (trans. S.C. Ghosal). p. 207.
  145. ^ The English Factories in India: 1661-1664. 1923. pp. 200, 320–1, 329, 358.
  146. ^ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). pp. 105–6.
  147. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1663. 1891. p. 420.
  148. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1664. 1893. pp. 154, 189–90, 199, 330, 555–6, 577, 597.
  149. ^ Moosvi, Shireen (1985). "Scarcities, Prices and Exploitation: The Agrarian Crisis, 1658-70". Studies in History. 1 (1): 47. doi:10.1177/025764308500100105. S2CID 161951630.
  150. ^ Singh, Dilbagh (1990). The State, landlords, and peasants: Rajasthan in the 18th century. p. 39.
  151. ^ Gupta, S.P. (1993). "The 'Agrarian Crisis' of Mughal Empire and Agrarian Conditions in the Jaipur Region (c1650 - 1750)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 54: 331.
  152. ^ The English Factories in India: 1668-1669. 1927. p. 217.
  153. ^ The English Factories in India (The Western Presidency): 1670-1677. 1936. p. 15.
  154. ^ Graaff, Nicolaus de (1701). Reisen van Nicolaus de Graaff, na de vier gedeeltens des Werelds …. pp. 105–6, 110–11.
  155. ^ Prakash, Om (2014). The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720. p. 130.
  156. ^ Khan, S.A. (1927). John Marshall in India. pp. 114–27, 137–44, 154–5.
  157. ^ Carré, Abbé (1947). The Travels Of The Abbé Carré In India And The Near East (1672-1674) (trans. Lady Fawcett). p. 233.
  158. ^ Fawcett, Sir Charles (1923). The English Factories In India: Vol.1 (New Series) (The Western Presidency) 1670-1677. pp. 257–8.
  159. ^ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. pp. 260, 290.
  160. ^ Bertrand, J. (1850). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 3). pp. LETTRE DU P. ANDRÉ FREIRE, MISSIONAIRE DU MADURÉ, AU R.P. PAUL OLIVA, GÉNÉRAL DE LA COMPAGNIE DE JÉSUS.
  161. ^ Jhaveri, Krishnalal Mohanlal (1938). Milestones In Gujarati Literature (2nd ed.). pp. 124–9.
  162. ^ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). p. 107.
  163. ^ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 430.
  164. ^ Bertrand, J. (1850). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 3). pp. Lettre du P. André Freire, Missionaire du Maduré, Au R.P. Paul Oliva, Général de la Compagnie de Jésus. Viranam, dans le royaume de Gingi, 1678.
  165. ^ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1682 (Vol. 1). 1928. pp. 76–7.
  166. ^ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). p. 108.
  167. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 63.
  168. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). pp. 268–9.
  169. ^ Koul, Pandir Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (2nd ed.). p. 105.
  170. ^ Letters to Fort St. George, 1684-1685 (Vol. 3). 1917. pp. 47, 164, 166, 198, 201, 226, 236.
  171. ^ A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 188.
  172. ^ Bengal and Madras papers. Vol. I: 1670-1688. 1928. pp. letter from Company agent at Hugly to Fort St. George, 20 Nov 1685.
  173. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). pp. 275–6.
  174. ^ Martin, François (1932). Mémoires de François Martin ... (Vol. 2). pp. 411, 448.
  175. ^ Gabelé, Yvonne Robert (1937). Une Parisienne aux Indes au 18e siècle (Madame François Martin). pp. 67–9.
  176. ^ Bertrand, J. (1850). La Mission du Madure (Vol. 3). pp. LETTRE DU P. LOUIS DE MELLO AU R.P. DE NOYELLE, GÉNÉRAL DE LA COMPAGNIE DE JÉSUS 1686.
  177. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 1). p. 478.
  178. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 3). p. 409.
  179. ^ Bengal and Madras papers. Vol. I: 1670-1688. 1928. pp. letter from Fort St. George to Company agent at Hugly, 26 Aug 1686, letter from Fort St. George to Company Presidency at Surat, 23 Oct 1686.
  180. ^ "Oprechte Haerlemsche courant". 5 June 1687.
  181. ^ Kincaid, C.A.; Parasnis, D.B. (1931). A History of the Maratha People (2nd ed.). pp. 130–1.
  182. ^ Haig, T. Wolseley (1935). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (Vol. 2). p. 443.
  183. ^ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 328.
  184. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 3). p. 558.
  185. ^ Records of Fort St. George: Diary and Consultation Book of 1687. 1916. pp. 13, 45, 86, 90, 108, 114, 119–20, 137, 149, 185.
  186. ^ a b c d e f Anthony, Francis Cyril (1982). Gazetteer of India: Union Territory of Pondicherry. p. 539.
  187. ^ Martin, François (1932). Mémoires de François Martin (Vol. 2). pp. 460, 471, 484–5, 491, 497, 500, 505.
  188. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 1). pp. 478–9.
  189. ^ "London Gazette". 23–26 July 1688.
  190. ^ "Oprechte Haerlemsche courant". 10 August 1688.
  191. ^ Bengal and Madras papers. Vol. I: 1670-1688. 1928. pp. letter from Fort St. George to Company officers in Bengal, 26 Apr 1688, letter from Fort St. George to Company agent at Hugly, 6 Jun 1688, letter from Company officers at Chutanuttee to Fort St. George, 27 Jun 1688.
  192. ^ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 291.
  193. ^ Jørgensen, Helle (2013). "Slavehandel i den dansk-indiske kolonihistorie".
  194. ^ Bengal & Madras papers. Vol. II: 1688-1757. 1928. pp. 1, 3.
  195. ^ Bruce, John (1810). Annals of the Honorable East-India Company (Vol. 2). pp. 656–7.
  196. ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (1980). Weaver communities in Medieval South India. p. 371.
  197. ^ a b Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 8). p. 36.
  198. ^ Loveday, A (1914). The history & economics of Indian famines. pp. 26–7, 141.
  199. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1929). History Of Aurangzib (Vol. 4). pp. 439–40, 449–50.
  200. ^ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir Jadunath Sarkar). pp. 178, 199.
  201. ^ Griffin, Lepel H. (1870). The Rajas of the Punjab. p. 637.
  202. ^ Venkatachalam, Pandit Kota (1955). Chronology of Kashmir History Reconstructed. p. 114.
  203. ^ Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). 1965. p. 290.
  204. ^ Vink, Markus (291). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century.
  205. ^ The early annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations … (Vol. 1). 1895. p. 401.
  206. ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (1980). Weaver communities in Medieval South India ... p. 376.
  207. ^ A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 188.
  208. ^ Gupta, Satya Prakash (1986). The Agrarian System of Eastern Rajasthan: c.1650-c.1750. pp. 138–9.
  209. ^ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century. pp. 108–9.
  210. ^ Jawalia, B M; Choudhary, S L; Nene, Y L (2001). "Food Security in Rajasthan with Specific Reference to the Marwar Region During the 17th and 18th Centuries". Asian Agri-History. 1: 279–80.
  211. ^ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir. Jadunath Sarkar). pp. 250–1, 257.
  212. ^ Manucci, Niccolao (1908). Storia Do Mogor (trans. William Irvine) (Vol. 4). p. 97.
  213. ^ Habib, Irfan (1999). The Agrarian System of Mughal India (1556-1707). p. 121.
  214. ^ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir Jadunath Sarkar). pp. 282–3.
  215. ^ Chandra, Satish (1993). Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan. p. 203.
  216. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 18.
  217. ^ Dakhan, Haidarabad (1884). Gazetteer of Aurangabad. p. 421.
  218. ^ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century. p. 109.
  219. ^ Records of Fort St. George: Despatches to England 1701-02 to 1710-11. 1925. pp. 97, 103, 118, 136.
  220. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 1). 1911. pp. 74–5, 84.
  221. ^ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 6). 1819. pp. 383–4.
  222. ^ Klausen, Henrik Nikolai (1878). Det Evangeliske Kirkelivs, Nutid og Fremtid (Vol. 1). p. 304.
  223. ^ Diary and Consultation Book 1710. 1929. pp. 51, 131.
  224. ^ The early annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations … (Vol. 1). 1895. pp. 333–4, 340.
  225. ^ The Early Annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations … (Vol. 2, Pt. 1). 1900. pp. 15, 35–6, 41.
  226. ^ a b Kachhawha, O.P. (1985). Famines In Rajasthan. p. 26.
  227. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1711". 1929. pp. 9, 11, 18, 51, 140, 185, 216–17.
  228. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 1). 1911. pp. 109, 114.
  229. ^ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. p. 113.
  230. ^ a b Report of the Fact Finding Committee for Survey of Scarcity Areas, Maharashtra State (Vol. 1). 1973. p. 6.
  231. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1718". 1929. pp. 2, 5, 7, 18, 29, 33, 36, 38, 41, 56, 62, 91, 115, 123, 128, 130, 134, 141, 171–2, 178, 183, 195, 200, 203.
  232. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1720". 1930. pp. 48, 51, 95, 171.
  233. ^ Bertrand, J. (1854). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 4). pp. Lettre du P. Charles-Michel Bertholdi, Missionaire du Maduré, Au R.P. Michel-Ange Tamburini, Général de la Compagnie de Jésus. Aout, 1720.
  234. ^ Subramanian, K.R. Maratha Rajas Of Tanjore. p. 38.
  235. ^ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. pp. 113–4.
  236. ^ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 7). 1819. p. 252.
  237. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. pp. 40, 63–4.
  238. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). p. 383.
  239. ^ A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 394.
  240. ^ Hondt, Pierre de (1755). Histoire Générale des Voyages .. (Vol. 130. p. 470.
  241. ^ a b Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (2nd ed.). p. 105.
  242. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1723". 1930. p. 7.
  243. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1727". 1930. pp. 21, 153, 161, 183–5.
  244. ^ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichery et de la Compagnie ... 1726-1730 (Vol. 1). 1920. pp. 80, 194, 334.
  245. ^ Logan, William (1951). "Malabar" (Vol. 1). p. 215.
  246. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 2). 1914. pp. 165, 189–90, 193, 199–200.
  247. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1928). The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ... (Vol. 12). pp. 272–3.
  248. ^ Gnanapragasam, V.M. (1965). Contribution of Fr. Beschi to Tamil. pp. 41–2.
  249. ^ Hondt, Pierre de (1755). Histoire Générale des Voyages ... (Vol. 13). p. 474.
  250. ^ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. pp. 114–5.
  251. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1729". 1930. pp. 18, 63, 67, 81, 97, 119.
  252. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 2). 1914. pp. 223, 228.
  253. ^ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichery et de la Compagnie ... 1726-1730 (Vol. 1). 1920. pp. 336, 340.
  254. ^ Suite de l'Histoire Générale des Voyages ... (Vol. 17). Arkstée & Merkus. 1761. p. 348.
  255. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers: Ludhiana District, Part A. 1907. p. 167.
  256. ^ a b c Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. p. 115.
  257. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1731". 1930. p. 96.
  258. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). p. 494.
  259. ^ Jhaveri, Krishnalal Mohanlal (1938). Milestones In Gujarati Literature (2nd ed.). pp. 204–5.
  260. ^ Reu, Pandit Bisheshwar Nath (1943). Glories Of Marwar and the Glorious Rathors. p. 162.
  261. ^ Parihar, G.R. (1968). Marwar and the Marathas (1724-1843 A.D.). p. 47.
  262. ^ "London Evening Post". 12–15 August 1732.
  263. ^ Watson, J.W. (1886). History Of Gujarat … A.D. 1297 – 1760. p. 91.
  264. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1733". 1930. pp. 15, 25, 33, 47, 50, 76–7, 104, 141, 149, 154, 170, 180, 189.
  265. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 2). p. 252.
  266. ^ Gnanapragasam, V.M. (1965). Contribution of Fr. Beschi to Tamil. pp. 45–6.
  267. ^ du Hondt, Pierre (1755). Histoire Générale des Voyages ... (Vol. 13). pp. 489–90.
  268. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 3). 1914. p. 24.
  269. ^ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1736-1738 (Vol. 2). 1920. p. 185.
  270. ^ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 8). 1835. p. 329.
  271. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 3). pp. 409, 558.
  272. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 3). 1914. pp. 70, 89, 95, 109–10.
  273. ^ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 8). 1835. pp. 105, 329.
  274. ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 2). p. 252.
  275. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1737". 1930. pp. 5, 12, 84, 88, 122, 131, 140, 180.
  276. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1964). Fall of the Mughal Empire (Vol. 1). p. 169.
  277. ^ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1738". 1930. pp. 47, 52, 96, 136.
  278. ^ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 3). 1914. pp. 133–35, 174.
  279. ^ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1736-1738 (Vol. 2). 1920. pp. 144, 209.
  280. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1904). Private diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai : dubash to Joseph François Dupleix ... 1736 to 1761 (Vol. 1). p. 67.
  281. ^ Old Fort William in Bengal; a selection of official documents dealing with its history (Vol. 1). 1906. pp. 169. Extract from Abstract of General Letter from Bengal to the Court. Fort William, January 29, 1739.
  282. ^ Girdlestone, C.E.R (1868). Report on Past Famines in the North-Western Provinces. p. 6.
  283. ^ Hanway, Jonas (1753). The Revolutions Of Persia (Vol. 2). pp. 172, 189, 197–8.
  284. ^ Fort St. George, "Public Consultations, 1741". 1916. pp. 13, 80, 163.
  285. ^ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1739-1742 (Vol. 3). 1921. pp. 338, 393.
  286. ^ Malleson, G.B. (1909). History of the French in India: from the founding of Pondichery in 1674 to the capture of that place in 1761. pp. 96, 103.
  287. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). p. 616.
  288. ^ Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State. pp. 102, 105–6.
  289. ^ Dhar, D.N. (1989). Socio-economic History of Kashmir Peasantry. p. 50.
  290. ^ Fazili, Mohammad Ashraf (2014). "Kashmir Floods: A Chronology".
  291. ^ a b Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 19.
  292. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. pp. 26, 32, 40, 53, 58, 60, 64.
  293. ^ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). pp. 697–8.
  294. ^ "A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 495.
  295. ^ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. pp. 115–16.
  296. ^ Rogers, Alexander (1892). The land revenue of Bombay; a history of its administration … (Vol. 1). p. 57.
  297. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1964). Fall of the Mughal Empire (Vol. 1). pp. 177, 179.
  298. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1914). Private diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai : dubash to Joseph François Dupleix ... 1736 to 1761 (Vol. 3). p. 244.
  299. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1916). The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ... (Vol. 4). pp. 128, 131–2, 147, 174.
  300. ^ Dodwell, Henry (1920). Calendar Of The Madras Despatches 1744-1755. pp. 39, 49.
  301. ^ Kelsall, John (1872). Manual of the Bellary District. p. 73.
  302. ^ Tieffenthaler, Père J. (1786). Description historique et géographique de l'Inde ... (Vol. 1). p. 384.
  303. ^ Haryana District Gazetteers: Rohtak. 1970. p. 100.
  304. ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (1944). Studies In Later Mughal History Of The Punjab 1707 To 1793. p. 193.
  305. ^ a b Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State. p. 106.
  306. ^ Sufi, G.M.D. (1948). Kashir: Being a History of Kashmir … (Vol. 1). p. 310.
  307. ^ Fort St. George, "Diary and Consultation Book (Public Department), 1755". 1942. pp. 1, 26, 92, 185, 201, 255, 332.
  308. ^ Correspondance du Conseil supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1755-1759 (Vol. 5). p. 48.
  309. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1925). A.R. Pillai "The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ... (Vol. 10). p. 1.
  310. ^ Manikandan, S. (2013). Contest for Power and Legitimacy: Little Kingdoms of Southern Tamil Country during the Eighteenth Century.
  311. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 32.
  312. ^ Parihar, G.R. (1968). Marwar and the Marathas (1724-1843 A.D.). p. 88.
  313. ^ Kelsall, John (1872). Manual of the Bellary District. p. 142.
  314. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 26.
  315. ^ Gupta, Hari Ram (December 1940). "Adina Beg Khan". Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society. 6: 64.
  316. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers: Lahore District, A. 1916. pp. 170–1.
  317. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers Vol.ii A. Hissar District And Lohar State. 1904. p. 73.
  318. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers: Jullundur District, Part A. 1904. p. 227.
  319. ^ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. pp. 17, 41, 64.
  320. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1927). A.R. Pillai "The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil .. (Vol. 11). pp. 446–7.
  321. ^ Pillai, A.R. (1928). The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ...(Vol. 12). p. 36.
  322. ^ Calendar Of Persian Correspondence (Vol. 1). 1911. pp. 110, 116.
  323. ^ Long, James (1869). Selections from unpublished records of government ... Bengal (Vol. 1). p. 255.
  324. ^ Reports from Committees of the House of Commons, Volume 3. p. 253.
  325. ^ "The First Protestant Missionary to Bengal". The Calcutta Review: 155. January–June 1847.
  326. ^ Erskine, K.D. (1912). Provincial Gazetteers Of India: Rajputana, Jaisalmer State. p. 104.
  327. ^ Kumar, Mayank (2008). "Situating the Environment: Settlement, Irrigation and Agriculture in Pre-colonial Rajasthan". Studies in History. 24: 227. doi:10.1177/025764300902400204. S2CID 55528641.
  328. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers: Multan District, Part A. 1926. pp. 279–80.
  329. ^ Tod, James (1920). Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan (Vol. 1). p. 497.
Categories