Tit-Bits
The first issue of Tit-Bits, dated Oct. 22, 1881
FrequencyWeekly
FounderGeorge Newnes
Founded1881
First issue22 October 1881 (1881-10-22)
Final issue18 July 1984 (1984-07-18)
CountryUnited Kingdom
Based inLondon
LanguageEnglish

Tit-Bits from all the interesting Books and Newspapers of the World, more commonly known as Tit-Bits, was a British weekly magazine founded by George Newnes, a founding figure in popular journalism, on 22 October 1881.[1]

History

In 1886, the magazine's headquarters moved from Manchester to London[2] where it paved the way for popular journalism – most significantly, the Daily Mail was founded by Alfred Harmsworth, a contributor to Tit-Bits, and the Daily Express was launched by Arthur Pearson, who worked at Tit-Bits for five years after winning a competition to get a job on the magazine.[3] Their first offices were at 12 Burleigh Street, off the Strand.

From the outset, the magazine was a mass-circulation commercial publication on cheap newsprint which soon reached sales of between 400,000 and 600,000. By the turn of the century, it became the first periodical in Britain to sell over one million copies per issue.[4] Like a mini-encyclopedia it presented a diverse range of tit-bits of information in an easy-to-read format, with the emphasis on human interest stories concentrating on drama and sensation.[5] It also featured short stories and full-length fiction, including works by authors such as Rider Haggard and Isaac Asimov, plus three very early stories by Christopher Priest.

Virginia Woolf submitted her first article to the paper in 1890, at the age of eight, but it was turned down.[6] The first humorous article by P. G. Wodehouse, "Men Who Missed Their Own Weddings", appeared in Tit-Bits in November 1900.[7] During the First World War Ivor Novello won a Titbits competition to write a song soldiers could sing at the front: he penned Keep the Home Fires Burning.[8]

Pin-ups appeared on the magazine's covers from 1939, and by 1955, circulation peaked at 1,150,000. At the beginning of 1973, Tit-Bits lost the hyphen from its masthead. In 1979 Reveille (a weekly tabloid with a virtually identical demographic) was merged into Titbits, and the magazine was briefly rebranded as Titbits incorporating Reveille. This, however, was dropped in July 1981. Following a wage dispute at owner IPC Magazines, publication ceased on 9 June 1984 and its closure was announced at the end of June. At the time, Titbits was selling only 200,000 copies per issue.[4] A final issue was published on 18 July 1984[8] under its last editor Paul Hopkins. It was taken over by Associated Newspapers' Weekend. At the time, the Financial Times described Titbits as "the 103-year-old progenitor of Britain's popular press".[8] Weekend itself closed in 1989.

Imitators

The success of Tit-Bits inspired a number of other inexpensive weeklies aping its format, some short-lived and others, such as Answers becoming major successes in their own right. Within the first six months of its existence, Tit-Bits had inspired twelve imitators, growing to 26 within a year of its debut.[9] Examples of papers said to be imitators include:

Cultural influence

In All Things Considered by G. K. Chesterton, the author contrasts Tit-Bits with the Times, saying: "Let any honest reader... ask himself whether he would really rather be asked in the next two hours to write the front page of The Times, which is full of long leading articles, or the front page of Tit-Bits, which is full of short jokes." Reference to the magazine is also made in James Joyce's Ulysses,[11] George Orwell's Animal Farm, C. P. Snow's The Affair,[12] James Hilton's Lost Horizon, Virginia Woolf's Moments of Being, H. G. Wells' The First Men in the Moon and Kipps, A. J. Cronin's The Stars Look Down and P. G. Wodehouse's Not George Washington. It has been also mentioned in Stanley Houghton's play The Dear Departed. Wells also mentioned it in his book Experiment in Autobiography. The magazine is parodied as "Chit Chat" in George Gissing's New Grub Street. In the closing scene of the film Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), the protagonist Louis Mazzini (Dennis Price) is approached by a journalist (Arthur Lowe) from Tit-Bits.

The magazine name survived as a glossy adult monthly, Titbits International.

References

  1. ^ Bridget Griffen-Foley (2004). "From Tit-Bits to Big Brother: a century of audience participation in the media" (PDF). Media, Culture & Society. 26 (4). Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  2. ^ Howard Cox; Simon Mowatt (2003). "Technology, Organisation and Innovation: The Historical Development of the UK Magazine Industry" (Research paper). Auckland University of Technology. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  3. ^ Friederichs, Hulda (1911). George Newnes. London: Hodder & Stoughton (1911) Kessinger Publishing (2008). ISBN 978-0-548-88777-6. (republished 2008)
  4. ^ a b Hamilton, Alan (28 June 1984). "Titbits, cradle of popular journalism, closes after 103 years". The Times. p. 32.
  5. ^ Martin Conboy Journalism: A Critical History
  6. ^ Amy Licence, Living in Squares, Loving in Triangles: The Lives and Loves of Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Group (Amberley Publishing, 2015), p. 20
  7. ^ From the chronology maintained by the Russian Wodehouse Society
  8. ^ a b c "Tit-Bits/Titbits". Magforum. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e Spiers, John (2017). "Picturing the Mass Market, from the 1880s, in Britain" (PDF). Victorian Popular Fiction Association 9th Annual Conference.
  10. ^ a b c Lysack, Krista (2013). "The Productions of Time: Keble, Rossetti, and Victorian Devotional Reading". Victorian Studies. 55 (3): 451. doi:10.2979/victorianstudies.55.3.451. JSTOR 10.2979/victorianstudies.55.3.451. S2CID 145243634.
  11. ^ "In the tabledrawer he found an old number of Titbits." Calypso episode of Ulysses by James Joyce.
  12. ^ pg 210 in Volume 2 of the three-volume edition of Strangers and Brothers
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