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((Short description|American composer))
((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=March 2015))
((More footnotes|date=January 2020))))
((Infobox musical artist
| name        = Tod Dockstader
| image       = 
| alt         = 
| caption     = 
| background  = non_performing_personnel
| birth_date  = ((Birth date|1932|03|20))
| birth_place = [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]], U.S.
| death_date  = ((Death date and age|2015|2|27|1932|03|20))
| death_place = [[Arlington, Massachusetts]], US
| known_for   = 
| occupation  = Composer, sound engineer
| years_active= 1958-2015
| genre       = ((hlist|[[Electronic music|Electronic]]|''[[musique concrète]]''|[[sound design]]))
| website     = 
| signature    = 
))

'''Tod Dockstader''' (March 20, 1932 – February 27, 2015)<ref name="Dead">((cite web|author=Doc Rock |url=http://www.thedeadrockstarsclub.com/2015.html |title=January to June 2015 |publisher=The Dead Rock Stars Club |date= |accessdate=2015-03-03))</ref> was an American [[electronic music]] composer and [[sound design]]er. He is regarded((who|date=May 2023)) as one of the first American ''[[musique concrète]]'' composers.

==Biography==
Dockstader was born in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]], United States.<ref name="Dead"/> In the 1950s, he studied painting and film while at the [[University of Minnesota]] before moving to Hollywood to become an apprentice film editor. He moved into work as a sound engineer in 1958, and apprenticed at Gotham Recording Studios, where he first started composing; he also worked for [[Terrytoons]] alongside [[Gene Deitch]]. From 1961 to 1962, when Deitch directed thirteen new ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'' shorts, Dockstader was responsible for creating the unusual, heavily reverberated sound effects heard throughout them; he also wrote the shorts ''[[Mouse into Space]]'' and ''[[Landing Stripling]]''.

Dockstader's first record, ''Eight Electronic Pieces'', was released in 1960, and segments were later used as the soundtrack to Italian film director [[Federico Fellini]]'s ''[[Fellini Satyricon]]'' (1969). He continued to create music throughout the first half of the decade, working principally with tape manipulation effects. In 1966, Owl Records released four albums of his work from this period, including ''Quatermass''. He achieved modest recognition and radio play alongside the likes of [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]], [[Edgard Varèse]], and [[John Cage]].

In 1961, he applied to use the facilities at the [[Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center]] and was denied access in separate rejection letters penned by [[Vladimir Ussachevsky]] and [[Milton Babbitt]]. Ussachevsky’s official reason was the “overstrained” scheduling of the studios, although it was suspected that Dockstader's lack of academic training was a factor in the decision. After leaving Gotham Recording Studios in the late 1960s, he formed the audio-visual service Westport Communications Group along with business partner, and former Gotham executive, Fred Hertz. The company focused on corporate clients and produced award-winning educational films for the American Heritage series.

Dockstader was also a prolific writer, with several articles published by Electronic Music Review<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ubu.com/emr/periodicals.html |title=UbuWeb - Electronic Musical Resources - Periodicals|website=Ubu.com|accessdate=January 21, 2020))</ref> and The Musical Quarterly.

In the early 1990s, [[Starkland]] re-released most of the content of Dockstader’s out-of-print Owl records, along with previously unreleased material.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/32189-Tod-Dockstader|title=Tod Dockstader : Discography |website=Discogs.com|accessdate=January 21, 2020))</ref> The two CDs brought new, significant acclaim to the composer. ''The Washington Post'' called Dockstader  "a highly imaginative pioneer," and ''The Wire'' concluded, "The obsessive care with which Starkland have compiled these extraordinary recordings should ensure that Dockstader will be remembered as the innovative, visionary figure he undoubtedly was." Reinvigorated, Dockstader returned to music at the start of the 21st century, adopting computer composition in favor of tapes. New CDs appeared from [[Sub Rosa (label)|Sub Rosa]] and ReR Megacorp.

Work on a documentary about his life, ''Unlocking Dockstader'', was begun in 2011, however lack of funding has stalled the project.<ref>((cite web |url=http://unlockingdockstader.com/about-the-film/ |title=About the film — Unlocking Dockstader &#124; a documentary film about Tod Dockstader |website=unlockingdockstader.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007094824/http://unlockingdockstader.com/about-the-film/ |archive-date=7 October 2014 |url-status=dead))</ref>

He died in [[Arlington, Massachusetts]], on February 27, 2015, at the age of 82.<ref name="Dead"/><ref>((cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/58660-musique-concrete-composer-tod-dockstader-has-died/ |title=Musique Concrète Composer Tod Dockstader Has Died &#124; News |publisher=Pitchfork |date=2015-02-27 |accessdate=2015-03-03))</ref>

In 2016, Starkland released ''From the Archives,''<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.starkland.com/st226/index.htm |title=Tod Dockstader: From the Archives. 15 new Tod Dockstader works premiere on this Starkland CD|website=Starkland.com|accessdate=January 21, 2020))</ref> a CD that premiered 15 works selected from the unexpected discovery of 4,200 sound files found on Dockstader's private computer after his death. Created from 2000-2008, these were among the last pieces composed by Dockstader, before [[dementia]] made his studio work too difficult.

==Influence==
[[Alvin Lee]] of the band [[Ten Years After]] took influence from Dockstader when recording the band's experimental album ''[[Stonedhenge]]'' (1969); he said he was in a "musique concrete phase."<ref name="Fielder">((cite web |last1=Fielder |first1=Hugh |title=Ten Years After |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/ten-years-after-2 |website=Classic Rock |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=August 2003))</ref> ''[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]''(('))s Hugh Fielder deemed Dockstader an "avant garde [[industrial music|industrial]] composer".<ref name="Fielder" />

==Discography==
* 1961 ''Eight Electronic Pieces'' (re-released by [[Folkways Records]], 1968 and [[Locust Music]], 2003)
* 1966 ''Luna Park, Traveling Music, Apocalypse'' (Owl Records)
* 1966 ''Drone, Two Fragments from Apocalypse, Water Music'' (Owl Records)
* 1966 ''Quatermass'' (Owl Records)
* 1966 ''Omniphony 1'' (with James Reichart) (Owl Records)
* 1979 ''Electronic Vol. 1'' ([[Boosey & Hawkes]] Library) 
* 1981 ''Electronic Vol. 2'' (Boosey & Hawkes Library) 
* 1992 ''Water Music, Two Moons, Quatermass'' ([[Starkland]])
* 1993 ''Apocalypse'' (Starkland)
* 2004 ''Pond'' (with David Lee Myers (Arcane Device)) (ReR Megacorp)
* 2005 ''Bijou'' (with David Lee Myers) (ReR Megacorp)
* 2005 ''Aerial #1'' ([[Sub Rosa (label)|Sub Rosa]])
* 2005 ''Aerial #2'' (Sub Rosa)
* 2005 ''Aerial #3'' (Sub Rosa)
* 2016 ''From The Archives'' (Starkland)

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.starkland.com/st226/index.htm Dockstader's From the Archives CD from Starkland]
*[http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/remembering-tod-dockstader-1932-2015/ Remembering Tod Dockstader at New Music Box]
*[http://www.unlockingdockstader.com Unlocking Dockstader]
*[http://www.starkland.com/st202/Memorial.htm Dockstader In Memoriam Quotes]
*[http://www.starkland.com/st201/index.htm Dockstader's Quatermass CD from Starkland]
*[http://www.starkland.com/st202/index.htm Dockstader's Apocalypse CD from Starkland]
*[http://dockstader.info/ The Unofficial Tod Dockstader Web Site]
*[http://www.ubu.com/sound/dockstader.html Biography and radio interview at ubu.com]
*[http://www.folkways.si.edu/tod-dockstader/eight-electronic-pieces/contemporary/music/album/smithsonian ''Eight Electronic Pieces'' Album Details] at [[Smithsonian Folkways]]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Dockstader, Tod))
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:21st-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Experimental composers]]
[[Category:Electroacoustic music composers]]
[[Category:Male classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century male musicians]]
[[Category:Animation composers]]
[[Category:Sub Rosa Records artists]]
[[Category:Folkways Records artists]]
[[Category:Musique concrète]]
[[Category:American industrial musicians]]

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