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((Short description|Class of Japanese heavy cruisers))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2018))
((more citations needed|date=January 2013))

{|((Infobox ship begin))
((Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Tone 1942.jpg
|Ship caption=''Tone''-class heavy cruiser
))
((Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Tone'' class
|Builders=*[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi Shipyard]], [[Nagasaki]]
|Operators=((navy|Empire of Japan))
|Class before=((sclass|Mogami|cruiser|4))
|Class after=((sclass|Ibuki|cruiser|4))
|Subclasses=
|Cost=
|Built range=
|In service range=   
|In commission range=  
| Total ships planned = 2
| Total ships completed = 2
| Total ships cancelled = 
| Total ships active = 
| Total ships scrapped = 
| Total ships lost = 2
| Total ships retired = 
))
((Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= 
|Ship type=[[Heavy cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=*11,213 tons (11,392 tonnes) (standard load)
*15,200 tons (15,443 tonnes) (full load)
|Ship length= ((convert|189.1|m|ftin|abbr=on))
|Ship beam=((convert|19.4|m|ftin|abbr=on))
|Ship height=
|Ship draught= ((convert|6.2|m|ftin|abbr=on))
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*4 shaft Gihon geared turbines
*8 boilers
*((convert|152,000|shp|kW|abbr=on))
|Ship speed=((convert|35|kn))
|Ship range=((convert|8,000|nmi)) at ((convert|18|kn))
|Ship endurance=
|Ship complement=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*8 × [[20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval gun|((convert|203|mm|in|0|abbr=on))/50]] guns (4 x 2)
*8 × [[12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun|((convert|127|mm|in|0|abbr=on))/40]] guns (4 x 2),
*12 × [[Type 96 25&nbsp;mm AT/AA Gun|Type 96 ((convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on))]] AA guns (6 x 2)
*12 × 610 mm [[torpedo tube]]s (4 x 3)
|Ship armour=*((convert|145|mm|in|abbr=on)) ([[Belt armor|belt]])
*((convert|65|-|30|mm|in|abbr=on)) ([[Deck (ship)|deck]])<ref>((cite web |url=http://midway1942.org/ships/ijn_ca_tone.shtml |title=Midway 1942 : Ships : Heavy Cruisers : Tone class |access-date=2013-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819130756/http://midway1942.org/ships/ijn_ca_tone.shtml |archive-date=2012-08-19 ))</ref>
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=6 x [[floatplane]]s
|Ship aircraft facilities= 2 [[Aircraft catapult#Interwar and World War II|catapult]]s
|Ship notes=
))
|}

The two ((nihongo|'''''Tone''-class cruisers'''|利根型巡洋艦|Tone-gata jun'yōkan)) were the last [[heavy cruiser]]s completed for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].  The ''Tone''-class cruisers were originally envisaged as the 5th and 6th vessels in the ((sclass|Mogami|cruiser|4)).  However, by the time construction began, serious weaknesses in the ''Mogami''-class hull design had become clear following the [[4th Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)#The Fourth Fleet incident|Fourth Fleet incident]] in 1935. As Japan no longer was obligated to abide by the limitations of the [[London Naval Treaty]], a new design was created and new means of construction were utilized. Although the external dimensions were close to the ''Mogami'' class, the design was quite different, with all the main battery of guns placed forward of the bridge, reserving the entire stern area as a large seaplane operations deck. Unlike the U.S. Navy, the Japanese did not have a dual role attack/scout aircraft, nor did they assign any of their carrier aircraft to a reconnaissance role.  Little emphasis was placed on this aspect of carrier warfare. Instead the Japanese reserved all of their carrier aircraft for attack roles. Reconnaissance then was relegated to the float planes carried by cruisers.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/sheerluck_midway.htm|title=Midway: Sheer Luck or Better Doctrine|last=Wildenberg|first=Thomas|work=Naval War College Review 58, no. 1 (Winter 2005) |pages=121–135))</ref>  The ''Tone'' and the ''Chikuma'' were intended to provide the long range reconnaissance needed for Japan's [[aircraft carrier|carrier]] Air Fleets.

==Design==

===Overview===
The ''Tone''-class cruisers had a very distinctive silhouette, with all main armament concentrated forward and the aft section entirely devoted to aircraft operations. This allowed for strong and compact protection of the magazines while also increasing and improving the living quarters aft.

===Armament===
[[File:Japanese_heavy_cruiser_Chikuma.jpg|thumb|right|''Chikuma'' with turrets trained to port]]
As originally planned, the ''Tone''-class vessels were to have five triple ((convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on|0)) [[Gun turret|turrets]], three forward and two aft. However, the capsizing of the [[Japanese torpedo boat Tomozuru|torpedo boat ''Tomozuru'']] called into question the stability of all Japanese warship designs. As a result of the redesign, and to improve accuracy of gunfire, all five turrets in the new design were concentrated on the forecastle. When Japan abrogated the [[Washington Naval Treaty]] on 31 December 1936, the main armament was revised to eight ((convert|203|mm|in|abbr=on|0)) guns in four twin turrets with maximum 55-degree elevation, as was installed on the ''Mogami''-class vessels. No. 1 was forward firing, No. 3 and No. 4 turrets trained through after arcs, while No. 2 was on a [[superfire|superfiring]] pedestal mounting overlooking No.1 and No.3.

Heavy anti-aircraft weaponry consisted of four twin ((convert|127|mm|in|abbr=on|0)) gun turrets in shielded mountings amidships. For close-range, six twin [[Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun]]s were carried. Four triple banks of ((convert|610|mm|in|abbr=on|0)) [[torpedo tube]]s were also incorporated.

===Hull & Armor===
The previous ''Mogami'' class experimented with welded hulls, with limited success. Thus the lead vessel in the ''Tone'' class, ''Tone'', also had some welding, the subsequent ''Chikuma'' was an all riveted design. The undulating hull of earlier cruisers was dispensed with and the superstructure was less built-up. The modifications to the design raised the nominal [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] to about 12,500 tons. The main [[belt armor]] was ((convert|150|mm|in|abbr=on)) thick next to machinery spaces (((convert|225|mm|in|abbr=on)) next to [[Magazine (artillery)|magazines]]), and it extended to a depth of about ((convert|9|ft|m)), beyond which it had a much reduced thickness as an anti-torpedo bulkhead down to the inner double bottom.

===Engines===
The main engines of the ''Tone'' class were similar to that of ((ship|Japanese cruiser|Suzuya|1934|2)) and ((ship|Japanese cruiser|Kumano||2)).

===Aircraft===
The ''Tone'' class had no aircraft hangar, but there was a comprehensive arrangement of transport rails and turntables on the [[aircraft catapult]] and quarterdecks. Two gunpowder-propelled catapults were located on the beam abaft the mainmast. A maximum of four [[Kawanishi E7K]]2 'Alf' three-seat [[floatplane]]s and four [[Nakajima E8N]]1 'Dave' floatplanes could be carried, the normal complement being six, of which four were to be E8N1s. In practice, no more than five were ever embarked. As the war progressed these types were superseded by the [[Aichi E13A]]1 'Jake' and [[Mitsubishi F1M]]2 'Pete'.

==Modifications==
In 1943, the number of 25&nbsp;mm guns was increased to twenty guns, and in June 1944, when the opportunity to use their aircraft had passed, further mountings were added on the flight deck, bringing the light anti-aircraft total to 54 barrels. Two more twin 25&nbsp;mm guns were also added later. [[Radar]] was fitted, but otherwise no major modifications were carried out.

==Ships in class==
Two ships were funded under the 1932 2nd Supplementary Budget, both of which were built by [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi]] at the [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] shipyards.

=== ''Tone'' ===
((main|Japanese cruiser Tone (1937)))
''Tone'' (利根) was part of the covering force for the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], and later that same month assisted in the second [[Battle of Wake Island]]. Subsequently, ''Tone'' was involved in operations in the [[Netherlands East Indies]]. In February 1942, she was part of the covering force for the [[Bombing of Darwin (February 1942)|carrier raid on Darwin]], and in March accompanied the [[battleship]]s ((ship|Japanese battleship|Hiei||2)) and ((ship|Japanese battleship|Kirishima||2)) in the sinking of the [[destroyer]] ((USS|Edsall|DD-219|6)). During March ''Tone'' participated in the strike by Admiral Nagumo's [[aircraft carrier]] force into the [[Indian Ocean]] and the attack on [[Ceylon]]. ''Tone'' returned to the Pacific for the [[Battle of Midway]] in May, and from the summer of 1942 was part of the [[Guadalcanal]] campaign. In 1943, ''Tone'' patrolled in [[Solomon Islands]] theatre where she was damaged by an air raid on the base in [[Rabaul]] on 5 November. In the beginning of 1944, ''Tone'' participated in a [[Japanese Indian Ocean raid (1944)|strike into the Indian Ocean]] against Allied shipping on the [[Australia]]-[[Aden]] route. Later, ''Tone'' was in the [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]], and as part of [[Takeo Kurita|Admiral Kurita]]'s [[Leyte Gulf order of battle#Japanese Forces 2|Center Force]] at the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] attacked US escort aircraft carriers. ''Tone'' was damaged by US aircraft in March 1945, after her return to home waters and was finally sunk by aircraft, near [[Kure, Hiroshima|Kure]], on 24 July 1945. She was raised postwar and broken up at Kure in 1948.

=== ''Chikuma'' ===
((main|Japanese cruiser Chikuma (1938)))
The career of ''Chikuma'' (筑摩) parallels that of ''Tone'' in almost every detail, since the two ships formed the 8th Cruiser Squadron on completion and operated together for almost all of their careers. In October 1942, during the [[Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands]], ''Chikuma'' was hit by five bombs dropped by aircraft from the carrier ((USS|Hornet|CV-8|6)). ''Chikuma'' was lost in the [[Battle off Samar]] on 25 October 1944.

==References==
((Reflist))

===Books===
*((cite book
 | last = D'Albas
 | first = Andrieu
 | year = 1965
 | title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II 
 | publisher = Devin-Adair Pub
 | isbn = 0-8159-5302-X
))
*((cite book
 | last = Dull
 | first = Paul S.
 | year = 1978
 | title = A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945
 | publisher = Naval Institute Press
 | location = Annapolis, Maryland
 | isbn = 0-87021-097-1
 | url-access = registration
 | url = https://archive.org/details/battlehistoryofi0000dull
 ))
*((cite book
 | last = Howarth 
 | first = Stephen 
 | year = 1983
 | title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945
 | publisher = Atheneum 
 | isbn = 0-689-11402-8
))
*((cite book
 | last = Jentsura
 | first = Hansgeorg 
 | year = 1976
 | title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
 | publisher = Naval Institute Press
 | location =Annapolis
 | isbn = 0-87021-893-X
))
*((cite book
 | last1 = Lacroix
 | first1 = Eric
 | first2 = Linton
 | last2= Wells II
 | year = 1997
 | title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War
 | publisher = Naval Institute Press
 | location = Annapolis
 | isbn = 0-87021-311-3
 | oclc= 21079856
 ))
*((cite book
 | last = Whitley 
 | first = M.J. 
 | year = 1995
 | title = Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia 
 | publisher = Naval Institute Press
 | location =Annapolis
 | isbn = 1-55750-141-6
))
*((cite book
 | last = Miller
 | first = David
 | year = 2004
 | chapter = Page 244
 | title = The Illustrated Directory of Warships from 1860 To The Present Day
 | publisher = Greenwich Editions, Salamander Books Ltd
 | location = London 
 | isbn = 0-86288-677-5
))

==External links==
((Commons category-inline|Tone class cruiser))
*((cite web
 | last = Parshall
 | first = Jon
 |author2=Bob Hackett |author3=Sander Kingsepp |author4=Allyn Nevitt
  | url = http://www.combinedfleet.com/tone_c.htm  
 | title = ''Tone''-class
 | work = Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com)
))

((Tone class cruiser))
((WWII Japanese ships))

((DEFAULTSORT:Tone class cruiser))
[[Category:Cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Aircraft cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Tone-class cruisers| ]]
[[Category:Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]
[[Category:Ships built in Japan]]

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