Toronto Pearson International Airport

Aéroport international Pearson de Toronto
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerTransport Canada
OperatorGreater Toronto Airports Authority
ServesGreater Toronto
LocationMalton, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
OpenedAugust 29, 1938; 85 years ago (1938-08-29)
Hub for
Focus city for
Operating base for
Time zoneEST (UTC−05:00)
 • Summer (DST)EDT (UTC−04:00)
Elevation AMSL569 ft / 173 m
Coordinates43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056
Public transit access Pearson station
Websitewww.torontopearson.com
Maps
FAA airport diagram from 2004, which shows the old Aeroquay 1, the then-new Terminal 1, the former Terminal 2, Terminal 3, and the Infield Terminal
FAA airport diagram from 2004, which shows the old Aeroquay 1, the then-new Terminal 1, the former Terminal 2, Terminal 3, and the Infield Terminal
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
05/23 11,120 3,389 Asphalt
06L/24R 9,697 2,956 Asphalt
06R/24L 9,000 2,743 Asphalt
15L/33R 11,050 3,368 Asphalt
15R/33L 9,088 2,770 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers44.8 million
Aircraft movements338,577
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[3]
Environment Canada[4]
Transport Canada[5]
Movements from Statistics Canada[6]
Toronto Pearson Traffic Summary[7]

Toronto Pearson International Airport (IATA: YYZ, ICAO: CYYZ; originally Malton Airport, simply Toronto Pearson or Pearson, and officially Lester B. Pearson International Airport) is an international airport located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It is the main airport serving Toronto, its metropolitan area, and the surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe. The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson, who served as the 14th Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968) and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for his humanitarian work in peacekeeping.[8]

Toronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto with the majority of the airport situated in Mississauga and a small portion of the airfield, along Silver Dart Drive north of Renforth Drive, extending into Toronto's western district of Etobicoke.[9] It has five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on a site that covers 1,867 hectares (4,613 acres).[10]

Pearson is the largest and busiest airport in Canada, handling 36.3 million passengers in 2022.[11][12] As of 2019, it was the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in North America and the 29th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic.[11]

Toronto Pearson is the primary hub for Air Canada.[13] It also serves as a hub for WestJet, cargo airline FedEx Express, and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. Toronto Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System.[14] The airport also maintains facilities for United States border preclearance.[15]

An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces and territories of Canada.[16] Since 2014, over 75 airlines operated around 1,250 daily departures from the airport to more than 180 destinations across five continents.[17][18][19]

History

Main article: History of Toronto Pearson International Airport

In 1937, the Government of Canada agreed to support the building of two airports in the Toronto area. One site selected was on the Toronto Islands, which is the present-day Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport. The other site selected was an area northwest of Toronto near the town of Malton in what was then Toronto Township (which would later become Mississauga to avoid confusion with the nearby city of Toronto), which was originally intended to serve as an alternate to the downtown airport but instead would become its successor due to having a much larger space without being constrained by Lake Ontario and Toronto Inner Harbour.[20] The first scheduled passenger flight at the Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Air Lines DC-3 that landed on August 29, 1939.[21]

During World War II, the Royal Canadian Air Force established a base at the airport as a component of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. RCAF Station Malton was home to several training schools and was in operation between 1940 and 1946.[22]

In 1958, the municipal government of Toronto sold the Malton Airport to the Government of Canada, which subsequently changed the name of the facility to Toronto International Airport, under the management of Transport Canada.[23] The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, in honour of Toronto-born Lester B. Pearson, the 14th prime minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) assumed management, operation, and control of the airport in 1996, and has used the name Toronto Pearson International Airport for the facility since the transition.[24]

Since Toronto has more than one airport, YTO is used for the area designation, while Pearson is coded YYZ, Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport is YTZ and Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport in Markham, until its closure on November 24, 2023, was YKZ. YZ was the code for the station in Malton, Ontario, where Pearson Airport is located and hence the IATA code for Pearson Airport is YYZ. The telegraph station in Toronto itself was coded TZ, which is why Toronto's smaller Billy Bishop Airport is coded YTZ. [25]

Terminals

Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active public terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Both terminals are designed to handle all three sectors of travel (domestic, transborder, and international), which results in terminal operations at Toronto Pearson being grouped for airlines and airline alliances, rather than for domestic and international routes.

A third public terminal, the Infield Concourse (IFC), currently acts as an extension of Terminal 3 providing additional bridged gates.

The original Terminal 1 was demolished in 2004[26]while Terminal 2 was permanently closed and demolished in 2007. Both were replaced by a larger Terminal 1. Terminal 3 retains its numbering to prevent confusion and the Terminal 2 designation is reserved for a future terminal separate from Terminal 3.[27]

Terminal 1

The current Terminal 1 opened in 2004, replacing Aeroquay One (also referred to as the original Terminal 1) and Terminal 2.[28] Measuring over 346,000 square metres (3,724,000 sq ft),[29] Terminal 1 is the largest airport terminal in Canada and the 12th largest in the world by floor space. Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Pearson Airport are based at Terminal 1. Non-alliance carriers Air North and Emirates also use this terminal.[30] Sunwing Airlines previously had its base at Terminal 1 until it moved to Terminal 3 on May 1, 2016.[31]

Terminal 1 was designed by a joint venture known as Airports Architects Canada made up of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Adamson Associates Architects and Moshe Safdie and Associates.[28] It contains 58 gates, with two of them being able to accommodate the Airbus A380.[citation needed]

Along with the standard customs and immigration facilities, Terminal 1 also contains special customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks, then are immediately directed to Pier E for departure. This alleviates the need to recheck bags, pass through security screening, and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall.[32] International-to-domestic passengers use the same corridor and a bus for one-stop security procedures, which avoids having to re-clear security if coming from another country with a mutual agreement.[33]

Exterior of Terminal 1 from the runway
Check-in lobby for Terminal 1

The terminal has a total of eight lounges, with five of the lounges being Air Canada–operated lounges (three Maple Leaf Lounges, one Maple Leaf Express Lounge and one Signature Suite) and three being Plaza Premium operated. Both Air Canada and Plaza Premium have lounges in the Domestic, International and Transborder zones, with the Signature Suite being in the International Zone.[34][35]

In addition to the eight lounges, Air Canada operates the Air Canada Cafe, in which premium passengers have the ability to enter the café to get premium coffee, tea and grab-and-go snacks.[36]

In the domestic section of the arrivals level, there are some retailers both before and after security checkpoints,[37] such as 7-Eleven (convenience goods), which was renovated and expanded in late 2022.[38]

An eight-level parking garage with 8,400 public parking spaces (including 700 rental car spaces)[29] across from Terminal 1 is connected to the terminal by several elevated and enclosed pedestrian walkways.[23]

Terminal 1 is home to the ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway.[39]

Terminal 3

Exterior of Terminal 3 from apron
Arrivals level of Terminal 3

Terminal 3 opened in 1991. The building is a 178,000-square-metre (1,916,000 sq ft) facility designed by B+H Architects and Scott Associates Architects Inc.[40]

Originally, Terminal 3 was a major tenant for Canadian Airlines International (defunct since 2001). Today, the terminal is the Eastern Canada hub for WestJet, which is unaffiliated with any airline alliance and is also used by all SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines that serve Pearson Airport, along with Air Transat, Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Canada Jetlines, Etihad Airways, Pakistan International Airlines, Philippine Airlines, Porter Airlines, Sunwing Airlines and all other airlines that are unaffiliated with an airline alliance except Air North, Canadian North and Emirates, which use Terminal 1. Terminal 3 has 46 gates.

A five-level parking garage with 3,800 public parking spaces (including 600 rental car spaces)[29] is located directly across from the terminal along with the Sheraton Hotel, both of which are connected to Terminal 3 by an elevated pedestrian walkway.[23][41]

Since June 2018, the GTAA has used the Infield Terminal to act as an extension of Terminal 3 to provide additional bridged gates. Passengers on flights arriving or departing from gates at the Infield Terminal are transported by bus to/from Terminal 3.[42]

American Airlines has an Admirals Club in the US Pre-clearance departures area.

Infield Concourse

The Infield Concourse (IFC) was originally built to handle traffic displaced during the development and construction of the current Terminal 1.[43] Its 11 gates were opened gradually throughout 2002 and 2003,[44] and a business lounge was opened in 2005.[45][44] In 2009, the Infield Concourse was closed for regular operations in conjunction with the official opening of the newly constructed Terminal 1. However, the GTAA retained plans to reactivate the IFC for regular operations whenever necessary to accommodate seasonal or overflow demand.

The terminal was substantially renovated in late 2015 to serve as a dedicated terminal for incoming government-sponsored refugees of the Syrian civil war.[46] Further renovations were completed at the Infield Concourse in early 2018 and on June 5, 2018, the terminal was reactivated for summer operations by the GTAA to act as an extension of Terminal 3 with the purpose of providing required additional bridged gates. Passengers are transported by bus between Terminal 3 and the IFC.[42] Effective December 2019, Sunwing Airlines moved their operations from Terminal 3 to the IFC.

Due to its intermittent usage for passenger traffic, the Infield Concourse is frequently used as a location to film major motion pictures and television productions.[47]

VIP Terminal

Skyservice FBO operates an 800-square-metre (8,611 sq ft) private VIP terminal at Toronto Pearson on Midfield Road in the infield area of the airport.[48][49] The terminal handles most private aircraft arriving and departing at Toronto Pearson, providing passenger services that include a 24/7 concierge, private customs and immigration facilities, personalized catering, showers, direct handling of baggage, and VIP ground transportation services.[48][50]

Infrastructure and operations

Runways

Aerial view of the airport in 2007 after permanent closure of Terminal 2. Two of the airport's three east–west runways are visible in the left foreground, whereas its north–south runways are visible in the centre.

Toronto Pearson has five runways, three of which are aligned in the east–west direction, and two in the north–south direction. A large network of taxiways, collectively measuring over 40 km (25 mi) in length,[51] provides access between the runways and the passenger terminals, air cargo areas, and airline hangar areas.[52]

Number Length[3] Width[3] ILS Alignment
05/23 11,120 ft (3,390 m) 200 ft (61 m) Cat. IIIa (05), Cat. I (23) East–West
06L/24R 9,697 ft (2,956 m) 200 ft (61 m) Cat. IIIa (6L), Cat. I (24R) East–West
06R/24L 9,000 ft (2,700 m) 200 ft (61 m) Cat. I (both directions) East–West
15L/33R 11,050 ft (3,370 m) 200 ft (61 m) Cat. I (both directions) North–South
15R/33L 9,088 ft (2,770 m) 200 ft (61 m) Cat. I (both directions) North–South

Airfield operations

Airport apron of Pearson Airport, with the airport's infield operations and main control tower visible in the background

Toronto Pearson is home to the Toronto Area Control Centre, one of seven area control centres in Canada operated by Nav Canada. The airport uses a Traffic Management Unit (TMU), located in the apron control tower at Terminal 1, to control the movement of aircraft and other airport traffic on the ground.[53] The main air traffic control tower at Toronto Pearson is located within the infield operations area of the airport.

The airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at Toronto Pearson.[54] During the winter months, the unit expands into a dedicated 24-hour snow removal team of more than 200 workers tasked with ensuring normal operations at the airport, as Toronto Pearson regularly experiences 110 to 130 centimetres (43 to 51 in) of total snow accumulation in a typical winter season.[55][56] The airport employs over 94 pieces of snow removal equipment, including 11 Vammas PSB series,[57] 4 Oshkosh Corporation Snow Products HT-Series[58] snowplow units, and 14 snowmelters.[59]

Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility is the largest in the world, servicing over 10,500 aircraft each winter.[59] The six de-icing bays, covering a total area of 24 hectares (60 acres), can handle 12 aircraft simultaneously and take between 2 and 19 minutes to de-ice each aircraft dependent on factors such as active weather and aircraft specifications.[60][55]

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) Fire and Emergency Service maintains three stations at the airport, with more than 80 firefighters providing fire and rescue operations at Pearson.[61] They are equipped with six crash tenders as well as several pumpers, aerial ladders, and heavy rescue units.[61] The GTAA Fire and Emergency Service operates in conjunction with the Fire and Emergency Services Training Institute (FESTI), located at the northwest end of the airport grounds.[62]

Cargo facilities

UPS Airbus A300 unloads cargo at the airport's VISTA cargo facility

Toronto Pearson handles approximately half of all the international air cargo in Canada.[63] The airport has three main cargo facilities, known as Cargo West (Infield), Cargo East (VISTA), and Cargo North (FedEx).[64]

The Cargo West facility (also known as the Infield Cargo Area) is located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L. It is a multi-tenant facility including three large buildings with 52,600 square metres (566,000 sq ft) of warehouse space, a common use cargo apron, vehicle parking, and a truck maneuvering area. A four-lane vehicle tunnel connects the Infield Cargo Area to the passenger terminal area of the airport.[65]

The Cargo East facility (also known as the VISTA cargo area) is located north of Terminal 3. The VISTA cargo area is a multi-tenant facility of several buildings organized in a U-shape, with 29,500 square metres (318,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and an adjacent common use cargo apron.[65]

The Cargo North facility is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express. The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport near runway 05/23 and is home to two buildings operated exclusively by FedEx with 32,100 square metres (346,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and a dedicated cargo apron.[65]

Security

The Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement agency at Pearson Airport.[66] The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) also maintain a Toronto Airport Detachment at Pearson Airport, which provides federal law enforcement services.[67]

The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) is responsible for security screening procedures at Pearson Airport. Other government agencies with security operations at Pearson include the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), and Transport Canada. In addition, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) from the United States also conduct operations at the airport to facilitate United States border preclearance.[68]

Other facilities

Pearson Airport has seven aircraft maintenance hangars, operated by Air Canada, Air Transat, WestJet, and the GTAA, which are used for line maintenance and routine aircraft inspections.[65] At the north end of the airfield are numerous independently operated hangars for charter aircraft and personal private aircraft based at Pearson Airport, along with passenger and maintenance facilities to service them.[69]

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority maintains administrative offices on Convair Drive, near the southeast corner of the airfield. Gate Gourmet and CLS Catering Services both operate dedicated flight kitchen facilities at Pearson Airport for airline catering services.[65] Aviation fuel is supplied by Esso Avitat (Jet A-1) and Shell Aerocentre (Jet A and A-1), both located in the infield operations area of the airport.[65]

FedEx has a large distribution centre on the north side of the airfield connected with multiple large jet parking bays and logistics handling facilities for servicing the Greater Toronto Area.

Bombardier Aviation's Bombardier Global Express business jet final assembly are completed at the factory located on the north side of Toronto Pearson since 2023.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer Lingus Dublin [70]
Aeroméxico Mexico City [71]
Air Canada Amsterdam, Atlanta, Austin, Barbados, Bogotá, Boston, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Calgary, Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Denver, Dubai–International, Dublin, Edmonton, Frankfurt, Grenada, Halifax, Houston–Intercontinental, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Liberia (CR), Lisbon, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madrid, Mexico City, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Moncton, Monterrey, Montréal–Trudeau, Munich, Nashville, Nassau, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Ottawa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Port of Spain, Providenciales, Puerto Vallarta, Rome–Fiumicino, St. John's (NL), St. Vincent–Argyle, San Diego, San Francisco, San José (CR), São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Sydney (AU) (resumes May 1, 2024),[72] Tel Aviv,[73] Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Vancouver, Vienna, Winnipeg, Yellowknife (begins May 1, 2024),[74] Zürich
Seasonal: Athens, Barcelona, Brussels, Edinburgh, Fort-de-France, Fort Lauderdale, Fredericton, George Town, Honolulu, Kahului, Manchester (UK), Mumbai, Nanaimo, Osaka–Kansai (resumes June 17, 2024),[75] Panama City–Tocumen, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Punta Cana, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Sacramento, St. Maarten, Salt Lake City, Santiago de Chile, Stockholm–Arlanda (begins June 12, 2024),[76] Venice, West Palm Beach 		[77]
Air Canada Express Atlanta, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Detroit, Indianapolis, London (ON), Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montréal–Trudeau, Newark, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, North Bay, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, St. Louis, Saint John (NB), Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Sydney (NS), Thunder Bay, Timmins, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National, Windsor
Seasonal: Gander, Hartford, Kansas City, Mont Tremblant 		[77]
Air Canada Rouge Antigua, Bermuda, Cayo Coco, Charlottetown, Curaçao, Deer Lake, Fort Lauderdale, Fort McMurray, Fort Myers, Grand Cayman, Kelowna, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Orlando, Puerto Plata, Québec City, Regina, St. Lucia–Hewanorra, Saskatoon, Tampa, Tulum (begins May 3, 2024),[78] Varadero, Victoria
Seasonal: Aruba, Belize City, Cozumel, Fredericton, Holguín, Huatulco, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Moncton, Nanaimo, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Punta Cana, St. Kitts, Saint John (NB), San Juan, Samaná, San José del Cabo, Santa Clara, Sarasota, Thunder Bay, Yellowknife 		[77]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle [79]
Air India Delhi [80]
Air North Seasonal: Whitehorse, Yellowknife [81]
Air Transat Cancún, Cayo Coco, Faro, Fort Lauderdale, Glasgow, Holguín, Lima, Lisbon, London–Gatwick, Manchester (UK), Montego Bay, Montréal–Trudeau, Orlando, Porto, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Samaná, Santa Clara, Varadero
Seasonal: Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Cartagena, Dublin, Lamezia Terme, La Romana, Liberia (CR), Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Puerto Vallarta, Río Hato, Rome–Fiumicino, St. Maarten, San José (CR), San Juan, Venice, Zagreb 		[82]
Alaska Airlines Seattle/Tacoma (begins May 16, 2024)[83] [84]
American Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami [85]
American Eagle Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Washington–National [85]
Arajet Santo Domingo–Las Américas [86]
Avianca Bogotá [87]
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador [87]
Azores Airlines Ponta Delgada, Porto (begins June 1, 2024)[88]
Seasonal: Funchal (begins June 5, 2024),[89] Terceira 		[90]
BermudAir Bermuda (begins May 17, 2024)[91] [92]
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Dhaka [93]
British Airways London–Heathrow [94]
Canada Jetlines Cancún, Halifax (begins June 2, 2024),[95] Las Vegas, Miami (begins June 29, 2024),[96] Montego Bay, Orlando [97]
Caribbean Airlines Georgetown–Cheddi Jagan, Kingston–Norman Manley, Port of Spain [98]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong [99]
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong [100]
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou [101]
Condor Frankfurt [102]
Copa Airlines Panama City–Tocumen [103]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Salt Lake City [104]
Delta Connection Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia [104]
Egyptair Cairo [105]
Emirates Dubai–International [106]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa [107]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi [108]
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan [109]
Flair Airlines Abbotsford, Calgary, Cancún, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Guadalajara (begins September 13, 2024),[110] Halifax, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Nashville, Saskatoon, Vancouver, Winnipeg
Seasonal: Charlottetown, Deer Lake (begins May 6, 2024),[111] Kelowna, New York–JFK, Orlando/Sanford, Palm Springs, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Québec City (begins May 6, 2024),[112] St. John's (NL) (begins May 6, 2024),[111] Saint John (NB), Thunder Bay, Victoria 		[113]
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík [114]
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino (begins May 10, 2024)[115] [116]
KLM Amsterdam [117]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon [118]
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin [119]
Lufthansa Frankfurt
Seasonal: Munich 		[120]
Neos Milan–Malpensa [121]
OWG Cayo Coco, Holguín, Santa Clara, Varadero [122]
Pakistan International Airlines Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore [123]
Philippine Airlines Manila [124]
Porter Airlines Calgary, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Halifax, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Montréal–Trudeau, Orlando, Ottawa, St. John's (NL), San Francisco, Saskatoon (begins May 16, 2024),[125] Vancouver, Victoria, Winnipeg
Seasonal: Fort Myers, Miami, Québec City (begins May 17, 2024),[126] Tampa 		[127]
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia [128]
Saudia Jeddah [129]
Scandinavian Airlines Seasonal: Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda [130]
Sun Country Airlines Seasonal: Minneapolis/St. Paul (begins June 13, 2024) [131]
Sunwing Airlines Aruba, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Cayo Largo del Sur, Holguín, La Romana, Liberia (CR), Montego Bay, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, St. Maarten, San José del Cabo, Santa Clara, Varadero
Seasonal: Acapulco, Antigua, Cienfuegos, Freeport, Grenada, Manzanillo (Cuba), Mazatlán, Orlando, Puerto Vallarta, Río Hato, Roatán, St. Lucia–Hewanorra 		[132]
Swiss International Air Lines Seasonal: Zürich (begins May 10, 2024)[133] [134]
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon [135]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul [136]
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, San Francisco [137]
United Express Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles [137]
WestJet Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Calgary, Cancún, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Kelowna, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Liberia (CR), Montego Bay, Nassau, Orlando, Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Regina, St. John's (NL), St. Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, Saskatoon, Tampa, Vancouver, Varadero, Winnipeg
Seasonal: Belize City, Bonaire, Charlottetown (resumes May 17, 2024),[138] Comox, Cozumel, Curaçao, Deer Lake (resumes May 16, 2024),[139] Dublin, Edinburgh (resumes May 14, 2024),[140] Huatulco, Los Angeles, Mérida, Moncton (resumes May 17, 2024),[141] Nashville, Ottawa, Roatán, San Juan, Victoria (resumes May 17, 2024)[141] 		[142]

Cargo

AirlinesDestinationsCargo Centre
Air Canada Cargo Basel/Mulhouse, Cologne/Bonn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Frankfurt, Guadalajara, Halifax, Istanbul, Liège, Lima, Madrid, Mexico City–AIFA, Miami, Quito, San Juan, St. John's Cargo West
Cathay Cargo Anchorage, Hong Kong, New York–JFK Cargo West
China Southern Cargo Qingdao, Vancouver Cargo West
EVA Air Cargo Taipei–Taoyuan Cargo West
FedEx Express Calgary, Edmonton, Indianapolis, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montréal–Mirabel, North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Timmins, Vancouver, Winnipeg FedEx
Korean Air Cargo Anchorage, New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon Cargo West
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt Cargo West
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon, Zaragoza VISTA
Turkish Cargo Chicago–O'Hare, Istanbul, New York–JFK Cargo West
UPS Airlines Anchorage, Louisville VISTA
WestJet Cargo Calgary, Halifax, Miami, Vancouver Cargo West

Ground transportation

Train

Union Pearson Express
Terminal Link
Two train services have stops at the airport. The Union Pearson Express is an airport rail link that runs to Union Station in downtown Toronto, whereas the Terminal Link is a localized people mover (within airport property) formerly known as the Link Train.

Union Pearson Express

The Union Pearson Express (UP Express) is an airport rail link running between Pearson Airport and Union Station in Downtown Toronto, with intermediate stops at Weston and Bloor GO Train stations.[143] Trains depart every 15 minutes from Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 station and provide a 25-minute travel time to Union Station, the busiest intermodal transportation facility in Canada.[144] Union Station offers connections to numerous GO Transit regional rail and bus services as well as inter-city rail links on Via Rail's Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. Combined UP Express and inter-city tickets may be purchased from VIA Rail.[145][146] The UP Express operates daily between 5:27 am and 12:57 am of the next calendar day.[147]

Terminal Link

The Terminal Link (formerly the Link Train) is an automated people mover that facilitates inter-terminal transportation at Pearson Airport. It runs between Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and Toronto Pearson Viscount station located at the Viscount Value Park Lot, connecting directly to the airport terminals at Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 station and Toronto Pearson Terminal 3 station.[148] The Terminal Link train operates daily, 24-hour service with trains departing all stations every 4 to 8 minutes.[149]

Bus

Public transit

TTC bus at Terminal 1

Several public transit bus services operate bus routes to Toronto Pearson International Airport. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) operates daily, 24-hour public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to various subway stations in Toronto, with route 900 Airport Express being the main express bus service to the airport from Kipling station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway,[150] and route 52 Lawrence West / 352 Lawrence West Night / 952 Lawrence West Express operate service along Lawrence Avenue to Lawrence and Lawrence West stations on the subway's Line 1 Yonge–University.[151][152] Additionally, route 900 Airport Express buses have a unique airport-themed livery and luggage racks. The TTC Blue Night Network operates local night bus routes to Warden Avenue in Toronto's east end via Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue,[153] Eglinton station via Eglinton Avenue[154] and Sunnybrook Hospital.[155] Although the airport terminals are situated outside of the Toronto city limits, TTC bus services at Pearson Airport do not require a supplementary fare.[156] TTC buses serve both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3.

Two public transit operators based in Peel Region also operate routes to the airport: Brampton Transit and MiWay. Brampton Transit operates all-day public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to the city of Brampton, with express service operating to Bramalea Terminal.[157] Brampton Transit buses arrive and depart from Terminal 1. MiWay operates all-day public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to the city of Mississauga, with express service to City Centre Transit Terminal, Humber College,[158] and Winston Churchill Transitway Station,[159] and local routes to Westwood Square Terminal,[160] Renforth station,[161] and Meadowvale Town Centre Terminal.[162] MiWay buses arrive and depart from Terminal 1, Terminal 3, Toronto Pearson Viscount station, and the infield operations area of the airport.

GO Transit bus outside Terminal 1, providing coach service to areas across the Greater Toronto Area

GO Transit operates two 24-hour bus routes from the airport to cities across the Greater Toronto Area: route 40 to Richmond Hill Terminal and Hamilton GO Centre[163] and route 94 to Pickering GO Station and Square One Bus Terminal.[164] GO Transit coaches arrive and depart from Terminal 1.

Private

The airport is served by several long-distance coach, van and minibus shuttle operators, which provide transportation from the airport to various municipalities and regional airports throughout Southern Ontario and to select cities and towns in the U.S. states of New York and Michigan.[165]

Coach Canada's Megabus service provides bus service between Pearson Airport and Hamilton International Airport to the west as well as between Pearson Airport and destinations east of Toronto, such as Port Hope, Trenton, Belleville, Napanee, Kingston, and Cornwall.[166]

Car

The roadway exiting the airport provides access to several 400-series freeways at a spaghetti junction.

Toronto Pearson is directly accessible from Highway 427 and Highway 409 with Airport Road and Dixon Road providing local access to the airport. There are 12,200 parking spaces available in parking garages adjacent to Terminal 1 and Terminal 3,[29] in addition to several other parking lots located in the immediate area.[167]

Car rentals are available from various major car rental agencies located in the parking garages adjacent to both terminals.[168] Car rentals are also available from off-airport car rental agencies located near Toronto Pearson Viscount station, accessible from both terminals via the Terminal Link.[168]

Taxi

Taxis and limousines can be accessed at designated taxi stands located outside of both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Only official airport-licensed taxis and limousines can legally pick up passengers at Toronto Pearson,[169] and all airport-licensed taxi and limo companies use GTAA-authorized flat rate fares for travel from the airport.[170][171][172]

Rideshare

Ridesharing services Uber and Lyft are available at Pearson Airport. Designated rideshare pickup zones are located at both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Terminal 1 pickup is from the ground level, while Terminal 3 pickup is from the arrivals level.[173]

Future

In February 2017, the GTAA announced a proposed transit hub to be located across from Terminal 3 that would connect with Union Pearson Express and may connect with other transit lines extended to the airport like Line 5 Eglinton LRT of the Toronto subway and GO Expansion (formerly known as GO Transit Regional Express Rail).[174] This proposal would eliminate the Terminal Link connecting Terminals 1 and 3 with a bridge from the transit hub to Terminal 3 and another bridge connecting Terminal 3 to Terminal 1.[174]

Since 2020, Metrolinx is planning the second phase of the Eglinton Crosstown West Extension, which is a western extension of the under-construction Line 5 Eglinton to a proposed transit hub at Pearson Airport across the terminals at the site of Viscount Station. The extension is scheduled to open in 2030–31. As of 2020, the segment to Pearson Airport is under study by Metrolinx and the GTAA. The line will connect the airport to Midtown Toronto and Scarborough with additional transfers to Downtown Toronto.[175] Metrolinx is also studying a potential connection with Line 6 Finch West to the transit hub with additional transfers to York University and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre. Other connections like the Mississauga Transitway are being studied.[176]

Statistics

Annual traffic

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Annual passenger traffic at YYZ airport. See Wikidata query.
Annual passenger traffic at Toronto Pearson International Airport
2003 to present
Year Total passengers % change Domesticc % change Transborderc % change Internationalc % change
2023[177] 44,800,000 Increase 25.8% 16,500,000 Increase 15.3% d d 28,500,000 Increase 32.9%
2022 35,600,000 Increase 180.0% 14,300,000 Increase 111.5% d d 21,300,000 Increase 260.1%
2021 12,700,000 Decrease -4.5% 6,800,000 Increase 24.4% d d 5,900,000 Increase 25.66%
2020[178] 13,307,077 Decrease 73.65% 5,449,924 Decrease 70.39% 3,032,582 Decrease 78.09% 4,824,571 Decrease 73.56%
2019[179] 50,499,431 Increase 2.0% 18,108,953 Increase 1.2% 13,847,414 Increase 1.9% 18,543,064 Increase 2.9%
2018[180] 49,507,418 Increase 5.0% 17,860,337 Increase 2.2% 13,570,570 Increase 5.6% 18,076,511 Increase 7.6%
2017[181] 47,130,358 Increase 6.3% 17,475,217 Increase 3.4% 12,855,891 Increase 6.6% 16,799,250 Increase 9.3%
2016[182] 44,335,198 Increase 8.0% 16,906,560 Increase 6.6% 12,054,296 Increase 8.1% 15,374,342 Increase 9.6%
2015[183] 41,036,847 Increase 6.4% 15,859,289 Increase 4.4% 11,154,435 Increase 6.2% 14,023,123 Increase 8.9%
2014[183] 38,571,961 Increase 6.8% 15,192,126 Increase 5.6% 10,506,070 Increase 6.8% 12,874,220 Increase 8.3%
2013[183] 36,107,306 Increase 3.4% 14,385,001 Increase 5.4% 9,838,121 Increase 3.9% 11,884,184 Increase 0.7%
2012[183] 34,911,850 Increase 4.4% 13,646,163 Increase 4.3% 9,464,858 Increase 5.4% 11,800,829 Increase 3.7%
2011[183] 33,435,277 Increase 4.7% 13,078,513 Increase 2.7% 8,979,103 Increase 4.1% 11,377,661 Increase 7.6%
2010[184] 31,936,098 Increase 5.2% 12,730,680 Increase 0.1% 8,628,851 Increase 6.9% 10,576,567 Increase 10.6%
2009[184] 30,368,339 Decrease −6.0% 12,730,047 Decrease −7.8% 8,074,027 Decrease −8.3% 9,564,265 Decrease −1.5%
2008[184] 32,334,831 Increase 2.8% 13,812,866 Increase 0.5% 8,805,898 Decrease −0.8% 9,716,067 Increase 10.1%
2007[184] 31,446,199 Increase 2.1% 13,744,155 Increase 3.3% 8,879,180 Decrease −0.3% 8,822,864 Increase 2.8%
2006[184] 30,794,581 Increase 2.9% 13,309,531 Increase 3.1% 8,906,324 Increase 1.2% 8,578,726 Increase 4.6%
2005[184] 29,914,750 Increase 4.5% 12,906,457 Increase 2.1% 8,803,505 Increase 4.5% 8,204,788 Increase 8.6%
2004[184] 28,615,981 Increase 15.7% 12,636,748 Increase 14.6% 8,422,537 Increase 15.1% 7,556,696 Increase 18%
2003[184] 24,739,312  –––– 11,021,760  –––– 7,316,287  –––– 6,401,265  ––––
Notes

Incidents and accidents

In popular culture

The music video for the song "The Good in Everyone" by Canadian rock band Sloan was filmed on Convair Drive at the southwest end of runway 06L/24R at 43°39′35.2″N 79°37′31.1″W / 43.659778°N 79.625306°W / 43.659778; -79.625306.

Rush

Canadian rock trio Rush had an instrumental piece titled "YYZ," which is on their 1981 album Moving Pictures. Two of the band's members, Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson, are natives of Toronto. The song, a favourite of fans, was frequently played by the band in concert.

A VHF omnidirectional range system at the airport broadcasts the YYZ identifier code in Morse code, which the band once heard when Lifeson was flying them into the airport. The band's drummer, Neil Peart, said in interviews that the rhythm stuck with them.[198] Peart and Lee have both said, "It's always a happy day when YYZ appears on our luggage tags."[199]

The piece's introduction repeatedly renders "Y-Y-Z" in Morse Code using various musical arrangements.[200]

In 2023, a Rush-themed specialty bar opened in Terminal 1. The bar, Henderson Brewing@YYZ, is run by Toronto-based craft brewery Henderson Brewery.[201]

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