Toyohiro Akiyama | |
|---|---|
| 秋山豊寛 | |
 Toyohiro Akiyama in 1990 | |
| Born | 22 June 1942 Tokyo, Japan |
| Status | Retired |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Other names | Space journalist,[1][2] space antihero[3] |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist (TBS), professor at Kyoto University of Art and Design |
| Awards |
_ribbon.svg){kind=small} |
| Space career | |
| TBS Research Cosmonaut | |
Time in space | 7d 21h 54min 40sec |
| Selection | Soyuz TM-11 mission |
| Missions | Soyuz TM-11 / Soyuz TM-10 |
Mission insignia |  |
| Spouse |
|
| Children | 2: Ken (son), Naoko (daughter) |
| Signature | |
 | |
Toyohiro Akiyama (秋山 豊寛, Akiyama Toyohiro, born 22 July 1942) is a retired Japanese TV journalist and professor at Kyoto University of Art and Design. In December 1990, he spent seven days aboard the Mir space station.[4] He became the first person of Japanese nationality to fly in space,[5] and his space mission was the second spaceflight to be commercially sponsored and funded.[4] Akiyama was also the first civilian to use commercial space flight, and the first journalist to report from outer space.[2][1]
Akiyama attended and earned his bachelor's degree at the International Christian University located in Mitaka, Tokyo. He then joined the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) as a journalist in 1966. He worked for the BBC World Service from 1967–1971 before becoming a correspondent for the TBS Division of Foreign News. From 1984 to 1988, he served as TBS chief correspondent in Washington D.C.[4][5]
On 17 August 1989, Akiyama was selected for a commercial Soviet-Japanese flight. The flight was sponsored by the TBS Corporation to celebrate its fortieth anniversary.[6] The amount that the corporation paid for the flight of its employee differs significantly from one source to another (28 million US dollars,[7] 25 million,[8] 5 billion yen or 37 million US dollars[9]). Akiyama started training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in October 1989.[citation needed]
TBS wanted to send the first Japanese to space in order to boost their TV ratings.[3] 163 TBS employees applied for the opportunity to fly to space. Eventually, Akiyama and camerawoman Ryoko Kikuchi were selected as the two final candidates. When Kikuchi developed a case of appendicitis a week before launch, Akiyama was selected for cosmonaut training and he was the primary crew member, with no backup in place.[2] Akiyama began cosmonaut training in August 1989 in a deal between TBS and the Soviet Union.[4] The commercialization of space flight was evident by the Soyuz TM-11 covered with advertising of TBS and other Japanese companies.[10]
After successfully completing a Research Cosmonaut training course at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in present-day Russia, Akiyama launched aboard the Soyuz TM-11 mission to the Mir space station on 2 December 1990 along with mission commander Viktor Afanasyev and flight engineer Musa Manarov. During his time aboard Mir, Akiyama gave live reports each day documenting life aboard the station. He returned just over a week later aboard Soyuz TM-10 along with Gennadi Manakov and Gennadi Strekalov on 10 December. Akiyama's mission marked the first flight of a person of Japanese nationality in space as well as the first commercially sponsored and funded spaceflight of an individual in history.[4][5][11] Akiyama was also the first journalist to give live reports from space.[2]
Various reports have cited a flight cost paid by TBS as between US$12 million and US$37 million. The company reportedly lost US$7.4 million on the deal.[12][13][2]
Akiyama was not a trained astronaut, scientist nor engineer. He was described as the first antihero in space as a result.[3] During training he quit smoking cigarettes, having previous smoked four packs a day. Before liftoff when asked what he looked forward to most upon his return to Earth he said "I can't wait to have a smoke".[10]
While on board the space station, Akiyama made nightly live broadcasts.[3] He described his struggles such as space sickness and craving for cigarettes.[3] Initially the TBS TV viewership was high, but by midweek it declined to slightly above normal.[3]
Akiyama returned to TBS after completing his spaceflight and became deputy director of the TBS News Division. He retired from TBS in 1995, because he disagreed with the active commercialization of television.[4][5]
In April 1991, he shot a film, with a group of Japanese journalists, about the state of the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan.[14]
From January 1996, he engaged in organic farming with rice and mushrooms in the Abukuma mountains in the town Takine, near Tamura, Fukushima, Fukushima Prefecture.[15][16] He also wrote books and give lectures focusing on environmental issues.[16] In March 2011, he was personally affected by the Fukushima disaster and was forced to abandon his farm.[17]
On 1 November 2011, he became a professor of agriculture at the Faculty of Arts, Kyoto University of Art and Design.[16][18]
Akiyama was married to Kyoko Akiyama, and the couple had a son and a daughter.[3] He left his family in Tokyo to go farm.[18] They divorced in 1995 due to his plans for organic farming in Fukushima Prefecture.[citation needed] He was forced off his farm due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011.[17] Akiyama moved to Kyoto to teach after losing his farm in Fukushima.[18]
Akiyama received multiple awards and decorations, including:[16]
He made reports in Japanese, which were published later, dedicated to his space flight. He also co-authored articles on the development of space tourism and farming.[22]
