Trachycarpeae
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Coryphoideae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Satake
Type genus
Trachycarpus
Genera

Acoelorrhaphe H.Wendl.
Brahea Mart. ex Endl.
Chamaerops L.
Colpothrinax Griseb. & H.Wendl.
Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
Guihaia J.Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
Johannesteijsmannia H.E. Moore
Lanonia A.J. Hend. & C.D. Bacon
Licuala Wurmb
Livistona R.Br.
Maxburretia Furtado
Pholidocarpus Blume
Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl.
Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude
Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton
Saribus Blume
Serenoa Benth. & Hook.f
Trachycarpus H.Wendl.
Washingtonia H.Wendl.

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae.[1][2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia.[3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe (Chamaerops humilis).[4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.[5]

Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia).[3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorrhaphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic.[3]

Taxonomy

Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae.[6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae.[3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority.[3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae.[7]

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together.[3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species (Livistona carinensis) occurs in Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies.[6]

Rhapidinae[3][6]

Livistoninae[3][6]

Unplaced genera[3][6]

The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis,[8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala.[9][10]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
  2. ^ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 9781842461822.
  4. ^ "Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  5. ^ "Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens". Plant Delights Nursery. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  6. ^ a b c d e Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60: 559–569 – via ResearchGate.
  7. ^ Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. L.H. Bailey Hortorium. ISBN 9780935868302.
  8. ^ Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus Resurrected". Palms. 55 (3): 109–116 – via ResearchGate.
  9. ^ Henderson, Andrew J.; Bacon, Christine D. (2011). "Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 883–895. doi:10.1600/036364411x604903. JSTOR 41416905. S2CID 84318474.
  10. ^ Henderson, Andrew; Dung, Nguyen Quoc (2017-09-29). "New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam". Phytotaxa. 323 (2): 159. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.4. ISSN 1179-3163.
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