Shenzhen Metro was first opened on 28th Dec., 2004, then imposed the latest expansion in 2022. Now there are 16 lines covering 547 km (340 mi) in the metro system, named Line 1 to Line 12, Line 14, Line 16, Line 20 and Line 6 Branch (de facto Shenzhen section of Line 1 (Dongguan Rail Transit)), with 304 stations in total and 57 interchange stations. Line 13 and some extension of current metro lines are under construction.[4]
A single journey normal ticket in the metro costs 2 RMB to 15 RMB and a single journey business ticket of Line 11 costs three times as much as travel fare of normal ticket. Discounts of 5% off are given using Shenzhen Tong IC Card instead of a single journey normal ticket.[5]
The metro system is operated by two companies, Shenzhen Metro Corporation and MTR Corporation, Shenzhen. MTR Shenzhen is now operating Line 4 of Shenzhen Metro.
Shenzhen Tram in Longhua District consists of 11.7 km (7.3 mi), 2 lines and 21 stations. It opened on 28th Oct., 2017 and integrates central Guanlan, the north side of Longhua into Qinghu Station of the city's rail network.[6] It is expected to help local residents commute and relieve traffic congestion, especially when the north extension of Shenzhen Metro Line 4 was still being built. Each single ticket costs 2 RMB.
Shenzhen Tram in Pingshan District opened on 28 Dec., 2022.[8] An experimental 8.7-km Line 1 with 11 stations, is constructed with technology of a local manufacturer BYD. It connects central Pingshan and Pingshan Railway Station, as well as the city's rail network. Each single ticket costs 2 or 3 RMB.
Bus services in Shenzhen began in 1975, and now have expanded to a network consisting of about 1000 regular routes. Three franchised companies, Shenzhen Bus Group, Shenzhen Eastern Bus and Shenzhen Western Bus operate most of the routes,[9] with the remaining operated by a few private companies.
Bus services in Shenzhen are subsidized by the government, where the operators have to set the bus fares according to a guideline. Bus fares usually range from 2 RMB to 10 RMB, except for branches, where the fare can be 1 RMB or 2 RMB, and premium services, which may be charged as much as 40 RMB. Fare has to be given when boarding the bus in short-haul routes and expresses with no change. However, for most long-haul routes, fare is collected manually according to the travel distance of the passenger. Shenzhen Tong IC Card or its mobile payment is accepted on most of the bus routes with 20% off at least, except a few privately operated premium routes.
Bus routes in Shenzhen are categorised into three categories, beginning from Dec. 2008:[10]
Expresses
These are long-haul routes connecting the city and the suburbs/exurbs, travelling on motorways. The buses used for these routes, which are normally actually coaches for long-distance travel, are green. Normally, no standing passengers are allowed on these routes. These routes are charged with a flat fare with a maximum of 10 RMB, according to the distance of the route. Renumbered routes in this category start with E, for example, E11 and E33.[11]
Main-lines
These are medium to long routes, travelling on trunk roads, for example, national highway G107, using full-sized cyan transit buses. These routes are charged according to the travel distance of the passengers, from 2 RMB to 10 RMB, if the full fare is greater than 3 RMB, sectional fares and manual fare collection are used, with passengers of short-haul routes paying only 2 RMB, 2.5 RMB or 3 RMB. Renumbered routes in this category start with M, for example, M206 and M408, and most of the routes in the old numbering scheme fall into this category, e.g. 1 and 337.
Branches
These are short-haul routes travelling in neighbourhoods, narrow streets and alleys, using orange minibuses/midibuses. With one exception, these routes are charged a flat fare of 1 RMB or 2 RMB. Renumbered routes in this category start with B, for example, B611 and B753. Route 915 in the old numbering scheme also falls into this category.
In addition, there are some other bus routes, not belonging to the above categories, with Chinese characters forming part of the route number, which include:
高峰专线 A: Rush hour routes
高快巴士 B: Rush hour expresses
(Places)假日专线 C：Holiday series of routes
旅游 D: Traveling routes
深惠 E: Intercity bus routes connecting Shenzhen with Huizhou. These are all standard bus routes using transit buses, not long-distance coaches.
Those letters A, B, C, D, E indicate where route numbers are written.
Old numbering scheme
Before Dec. 2008, bus routes in Shenzhen were numbered using the hundred district according to the districts where the route operated in. Note that changes after Dec. 2008 for routes with old numbering may break the rule below.
700-799: Minibus-then routes serving Bao'an District, Longhua District and Guangming District, gradually replaced by full-sized bus after 2004, which become main-lines in the current categorisation.
900-999: Minibus-then routes serving Longgang District, Pingshan District and Dapeng New District, gradually replaced by full-sized bus after 2004, which become main-lines (except 915 becoming a branch) in the current categorisation.
N-prefixed: Nightly route services at night which are usually parallel to some regular routes at daytime. Sometimes a letter N appearing before the route number started with E, M or B means a nightly route which is parallel to the corresponding route without N. For example, NA1 is the nightly service of A1. This usage have been put into operation since Oct. 2018.[12]
A letter A or B may be added after the route number, which indicates small variations of the route, and a letter K appearing before the route number means the route an express which is parallel to the corresponding route without K. For example, K113 (now M133) is the express of 113. These usage have been abolished since July 2018.[11]
New routes starting from Dec. 2008 no longer use this numbering scheme, and old routes extensively modified are renumbered to the new scheme assigning a number starting with E, M or B instead.
As of Dec. 2017, the entire fleet of over 16,300 buses has been replaced with electric buses, the largest fleet of electric buses of any city in the world.[13] The city began rolling out electric buses made by BYD in 2009, and has heavily invested in acquiring electric buses and taxis since.
Unregulated coaches: there are also some coaches running between Shenzhen and other cities in Guangdong, for example, Guangzhou and Dongguan, with a "route number" starting with 长 (meaning long), for example, 长16路. These numbered coaches are mainly unregulated or even illegal, which are not recommended for passengers.
Transit buses: apart from coaches, transit buses can also be used for intercity travel between Shenzhen and its neighbouring cities, Dongguan, Huizhou and Hong Kong. The "intercity" bus routes like 深惠X线 are official regulated bus routes between these cities, and there are also a few de facto intercity bus routes with regular numbering, like M184, M325, M589, with 208 from Huizhou, 285, 786 from Dongguan, B1 from Hong Kong which travel across the city border.
Here are the list of coach stations[14] currently existing and not affiliated to railway stations, airports or ports (as those could be incorporated), yet some of them might be under renovation or expansion thus are not operating. Most of them are located outside the central districts, each serving at subdistrict (as a part of their names) level often. They are getting fewer and fewer due to the other competitive forms of transport.
Thanks to the rapid development of Information Technology and sharing economy, bus and coach services of customised routes have spread throughout China, including Shenzhen. They leave the city boundaries disregarded providing services both in and between the cities.
Services in the city
Besides bus routes designated by Transport Commission of Shenzhen and its organizations, there are also bus services of customised routes ("定制公交" in Chinese). That is, passengers book tickets at certain apps "E巴士" or "优点巴士" and choose their routes in advance, and they can take these buses. With a few stops like expresses, these routes provide commutes for work, study or travel faster than regular buses. Passengers can also submit their origin and destinations to the apps to lodge routes of their own. When a certain number of people share the same locations the routes between them would be put into operation.
Number of these routes operated by franchised companies often start with P, PJ, PT by Shenzhen Eastern Bus or F, H, T by Shenzhen Bus Group whose information would not be shown at regular bus stops, so passengers can only get their information with the apps. They are popular among workers and visitors in Shenzhen as an alternative of comfort. The first customised route operated by franchised companies started operation in Jan. 2016 by Shenzhen Eastern Bus.
Vehicle for hire services
Most vehicles for hire accept mobile payments such as Alipay and WeChat Pay.
All colors of taxicabs are able to operate in the entire Shenzhen, as follows:
Red taxis and Green taxis are fuel taxis united together by governments in May 2017,[15] then were replaced by blue ones in Dec 2018.[16]
Blue taxis are electric vehicles and fuel surcharge does not apply on them.
The typical taxi fare consists of 2 parts, 10 RMB for up to 2 km (about 1.24 mile) first and 2.7 RMB/km (about 4.34 RMB/mile) for the distance between 2 and 20 km. Extra 30% of taxi fare for 20 to 35 km, and 60% for the distance remained. A 30% night fare is also required between 23:00 to 6:00 the next day.[15]
DiDi and some other privately operated hire services are also very popular in Shenzhen.
Public Bicycles
Public bicycle systems in Shenzhen can be roughly divided into 2 kinds.
Dock-based Public Bicycles
Dock-based public bicycle system in Shenzhen started operating in Yantian District in Dec 2011, being the first public bicycle system in Shenzhen. Then it spread to Luohu, Futian, Longgang and Nanshan Districts. Yantian public bicycle system is the only one covering the whole district in Shenzhen.[17] These bicycle systems are franchised by governments at district level and usually incompatible with each other. Franchised bicycle system in Luohu District suspended in Feb 2018,[18] and that of Yantian District suspended in Apr 2022.
Bike sharing usually refers to dockless public bicycle system by private sectors in China. It starts in Oct 2016 in Nanshan District by Mobike.[19] Users download their apps and scan QR codes to unlock for a ride. Then many private bike sharing operators like Ofo, Xiaoming etc. appeared and were developing rapidly in 2017. The government has begun to regulate the number of these bicycles as there are too many. Some operators like Bluegogo also met a bankruptcy because of the high operational cost,[20] leading to only 3 operators from 2020-Mobike by Tencent, DiDi Bike by DiDi and Hellobike by Alibaba-up to now.
Highway System
Highway system in Shenzhen is a part of National highway system[21][22] in China as well as Provincial highway system called Guangdong highway. They include expressways and normal highways.
Expressways
Expressways in Shenzhen usually need a fare of 0.45 RMB/km (about 0.72 RMB/mile) for a private car due to the provincial standard,[23] while more needed for a larger vehicle. Speed limits also vary with the type of vehicles that usually ranged from 60 km/h (37 mph) to 120 km/h (75 mph).
Normal highways
Normal highways are free with lower speed limits than expressways.
The following are their numbers with names or destinations:
There are also County highways and Country highways in Shenzhen, but many of them have been detoured or renewed with the rapid urbanization of the city.
Urban Roads
Being a relatively new city dating back to only the late 1970s, Shenzhen, especially the former SEZ, has had the advantage of planned street grids.
Typically, urban roadways in Shenzhen are designated as street, road, avenue and boulevard. Streets in Shenzhen tend to be narrow, with one or two lanes, roads have two to four lanes, while avenues and boulevards are wide, which can have anywhere between four and twelve lanes.
Pedestrians
There are 2 famous pedestrian streets in Shenzhen.
Located in Luohu District, East Gate Pedestrian Street, is one of the oldest pedestrian streets in Shenzhen. Commercial activities had begun there even before the city was built. In 1990, the first McDonald's in Mainland China opened there. As the busiest pedestrian street in Shenzhen, it covers a comprehensive range of goods and mainly focuses on clothing. People can now get there by Shenzhen Metro Line 1 or Line 3 at Laojie(meaning Old Street) Station, or Line 3 at Shaibu Station.
The city's 260 km (162 mi) coastline is divided by the main landmass of Hong Kong (namely the New Territories and the Kowloon Peninsula) into two halves, the eastern and the western. Shenzhen's western port area, in Nanshan District, lies to the east of Lingdingyang in the Pearl River Estuary and possesses a deep water harbour with superb natural shelters. It is about 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) from Hong Kong to the south and 60 nautical miles (111 km; 69 mi) from Guangzhou to the north. By passing Pearl River system, the western port area is connected with the cities and counties in Pearl River Delta networks; by passing On See Dun waterway, it extends all ports both at home and abroad. On the other hand, Shenzhen's eastern port area is located in Yantian District, connected with Pinghu-Yantian Railway at Yantian freight Railway Station.
Shenzhen handled a record number of containers in 2005, ranking as the world's fourth-busiest port,[28] after rising trade increased cargo shipments through the city. China International Marine Containers, and other operators of the port handled 16.2 million standard 20 ft (6.1 m) boxes last year, a 19 percent increase. Investors in Shenzhen are expanding to take advantage of rising volume.[citation needed]
^"联系我们Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine." Shenzhen Donghai Airlines. Retrieved on 24 February 2014. "Address:Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport, Shenzhen Airlines. Post code：518128" – Chinese address: "地址：深圳市宝安区宝安国际机场航站四路3009号东海航空基地 邮政编码:518128"
^"Contact Us." SF Airlines. Retrieved on 24 February 2014. "SF Airlines Co., Ltd. Address: No.1 Freight Depot, International Shipping Center of Bao'an International Airport, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518128, P.R.C." – Chinese address: "地 址：中国广东省深圳市宝安国际机场国际货运中心1号货站 邮 编：518128"
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