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((Short description|1960 treaty between Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, and the UK))
((distinguish|Treaty of Guarantee (proposed)))
((more citations needed|date=July 2012))
The '''Treaty of Guarantee''' is a treaty between [[Cyprus]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], [[Turkey]], and the [[United Kingdom]] that was promulgated on 16 August 1960.<ref>https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CY%20GR%20TR_600816_Treaty%20of%20Guarantee.pdf</ref>

Article I banned Cyprus from participating in any [[political union]] or [[economic union]] with any other state. Article II requires the other parties to guarantee the independence, territorial integrity, and security of Cyprus.
Article IV reserves the right of the guarantor powers to take action to re-establish the current state of affairs in Cyprus, a provision that was used as justification for the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|Turkish invasion of 1974]]. The treaty also allowed the United Kingdom to retain sovereignty over two military bases,<ref>((Cite news|date=2011-12-13|title=Timeline: Cyprus|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1021835.stm|access-date=2020-11-18))</ref> [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]].

Article IV entitled these three guarantor powers to multilateral action among them or, as a last resort if no concerted action seemed possible, each guarantor to unilateral actions confined to restoring its status according to the treaty as a democratic, bicommunal, single, sovereign independent state:

((blockquote|text=
Article IV

In the event of a breach of the provisions of the present Treaty, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom undertake to consult together with respect to the representations or measures necessary to ensure observance of those provisions.<br />
In so far as common or concerted action may not prove possible, each of the three guaranteeing Powers reserves the right to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs created by the present Treaty.<ref>((Cite web|title=From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/treaty-concerning-the-establishment-of-the-republic-of-cyprus.en.mfa|access-date=2020-11-18|website=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs))</ref>|source=Article IV))

Initially, a bicommunal independent state was at stake because of the [[1974 Cypriot coup d'état|July 1974 coup]] and several [[Turkish Cypriot enclaves]] being attacked at the onset of the coup. Those circumstances made Turkey claim the right to unilateral action, as provided by the treaty, by [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus#First Turkish invasion: July 1974|first invading and creating a bridgehead and corridor between Kyrenia and Nicosia enclave]].

In the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus#Second Turkish invasion: 14–16 August 1974|second invasion campaign]], Turkish forces invaded and held on to one third of the island, resulting in effective partition of the island and secession of the parts of the island under its military control.

Turkish Cypriots and Turkey view the second invasion and the effective partition as legal, citing how bicommunalism had already ended from 1964 and onwards. They maintain that the Turkish intervention did not alter the state of affairs created by the 1960 treaties, as separated communities already existed before the intervention, after provisions guaranteeing equal status of the two communities had already been violated by Greek Cypriot amendments.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/chapter5.en.mfa|title = From Rep. Of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs))</ref>

The treaty was concluded the same year that the [[Constitution of Cyprus]] was finalised, and the [[Zürich and London Agreement]] and the [[Treaty of Alliance (1960)|Treaty of Alliance]] between Cyprus, Greece and Turkey were written. ((citation needed|date=March 2023))

==See also==

Copy of the Treaty in PDF format:

https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CY%20GR%20TR_600816_Treaty%20of%20Guarantee.pdf

* [[Cyprus dispute]]

==References==
((reflist))

((wikisource|Treaty of Guarantee))

((DEFAULTSORT:Treaty Of Guarantee))
[[Category:1960 in Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1960]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1960]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece]]
[[Category:Cyprus–Greece relations]]
[[Category:Cyprus–Turkey relations]]
[[Category:Cyprus–United Kingdom relations]]
[[Category:Greece–Turkey relations]]
[[Category:Greece–United Kingdom relations]]
[[Category:Turkey–United Kingdom relations]]


((Cyprus-poli-stub))
((Treaty-stub))

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