The centre was a well-known example of 1960s architecture, and in the 1980s it was voted the 3rd ugliest building in the UK.[2] In 2001, BBC Radio 4 listeners voted it the most hated building in the UK, and Charles, Prince of Wales described it as "a mildewed lump of elephant droppings",[3] although it was much admired by others, who saw it as an irreplaceable example of Brutalist architecture. Demolition of the Tricorn began on 24 March 2004 and lasted approximately nine months. As of 2022[update], the site is a ground level car park for the city centre.
Construction and opening
External videos
Taped Up: The Tricorn (2000). A short documentary film by David Ferrone and Martin Fickling featuring interviews with architect Rodney Gordon (6 mins 2 secs).
Opened in 1966, the centre was an attempt to revitalise Portsmouth, costing the city council £2 million.[4] Originally called 'the Casbah' by its creators, it was deliberately designed with vast amounts of blank surfaces with the expectation that tenants would provide the colour and character via their signage and store frontages. It was hoped that premium stores would occupy the centre but as the centre was not connected to Portsmouth Town Centre, these stores never moved in.[5] Instead the units were let to smaller stores.[6] As well as small traders, tenants included a supermarket and two pubs.[6] In 1967 the site received a commendation from the Civic Trust.[7]
Businesses in the Tricorn
With the failure of a large store to move in, most of the shops were small traders of various types,[6] including market traders with a range of stalls.[8] There was also a Fine Fare supermarket.[9] The council succeeded in getting the fruit and veg market to move from Commercial Road but there were soon complaints.[9] Conditions were found to be dark, damp and poorly ventilated.[9] Access was also a problem with lorries finding it difficult to get to the market via the spiral ramps.[9]
Pubs
Two pubs – The Casbah and The Golden Bell – were located inside the Tricorn Centre. They were officially opened on 31 August 1966. There was also a club for live music – originally named the Tricorn Club, later renamed Granny's and subsequently Basins – which hosted live performances by Marc Bolan, Slade, Mud, The Sweet, Status Quo, Mary Wells, Edwin Starr, 10,000 Maniacs, and Vinegar Joe, as well as local acts.[10]
Flats
The centre included eight flats.[11] While initially popular with some residents, the flats suffered from poorly constructed roofs and leaking walls.[11] Only one tenant was left by March 1979 and the flats were later boarded up.[11]
During the 1980s, the centre became increasingly seedy and the nightclub was developed into a casino. The shops slowly left, with the last ones closing in March 2002. The centre's car park was also the scene of many suicide attempts, being amongst the tallest publicly accessible buildings on the south coast. For this reason, a plaque offering support from The Samaritans was positioned at this infamous point.[12]
Numerous attempts to get the building listed as amongst the best examples of Brutalist architecture failed throughout the 1990s, and neglect, in addition to Portsmouth's wet coastal climate, caused the building to fall beyond the scope of easy repair. Structural steel within the concrete began to rust causing expansion of the concrete, and in some sections, small stalactites began to grow off ledges. Portsmouth City Council deliberated the demolition of the centre for many years; however, the uniquely designed car-parking block, which provided 400 parking spaces, was too useful for the city to destroy until 2004. The site is now occupied by a ground-level open-air car park.
Opponents of demolition argued that the structure, while sadly undermaintained, was still salvageable with the work of ingenious designers and a long-term city plan.[13] However, government and public opinion was that the building had decayed too far and had attracted such a bad reputation that the only option was to replace it. Essayist Jonathan Meades commented: "You don't go knocking down Stonehenge or Lincoln Cathedral. I think buildings like the Tricorn were as good as that. They were great monuments of an age."[14]
The Tricorn was the subject of such strength and diversity of public feeling that opinion boards were placed around its boarding for the public to write on.[15]
