Trochilini
Red-billed streamertail (Trochilus polytmus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Subfamily: Trochilinae
Tribe: Trochilini
Vigors, 1825
Genera

36, see text

Trochilini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).

The informal name "emeralds" has been proposed for this group. Several genera contain species with "emerald" in their common name including Chlorostilbon which contains ten. The tribe contains 114 species divided into 36 genera.[1][2]

Phylogeny

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the species formed nine major clades.[3] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they based their classification on these results and placed three of the nine clades in the subfamily Trochilinae. The clades were placed in separate tribes which they named Trochilini (emeralds), Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).[4] The tribe Trochilini with the current circumscription was introduced in 2009.[5]

Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds.[1][3][5] In the cladogram below the English names are those introduced in 1997.[6] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.[7]

Trochilidae

Florisuginae – topazes

Phaethornithinae – hermits

Polytminae – mangoes

Lesbiinae

Heliantheini – brilliants

Lesbiini – coquettes

Patagoninae – giant hummingbird

Trochilinae

Lampornithini – mountain gems

Mellisugini – bees

Trochilini – emeralds

The 2014 study by McGuire lead to a major revision of the classification of the Trochilini.[1] Many of the traditional genera were found to be polyphyletic and as a result the classification was substantially revised as shown below in the cladogram. Only one new genus was introduced (Elliotomyia) but eleven genera were resurrected (Phaeoptila, Riccordia, Pampa, Thaumasius, Talaphorus, Leucolia, Saucerottia, Amazilis, Uranomitra, Chionomesa and Polyerata). At the same time six of the former genera were synonymized (Aphantochroa, Cyanophaia, Elvira, Goethalsia, Juliamyia and Lepidopyga).[2][8]

Trochilini

Phaeoptila – dusky hummingbird

Riccordia – 6 species

Cynanthus – 5 species

Chlorostilbon – 10 species: emeralds

Basilinna – 2 species

Pampa – 4 species: sabrewings

Klais – violet-headed hummingbird

Abeillia – emerald-chinned hummingbird

Orthorhynchus – Antillean crested hummingbird

Stephanoxis – 2 species: plovercrests

Anthocephala – 2 species: blossomcrowns

Campylopterus – 10 species

Microchera – 3 species

Goldmania – 2 species

Eupherusa – 5 species

Chalybura – 2 species: plumeleteers

Thalurania – 4 species: woodnymphs

Phaeochroa – scaly-breasted hummingbird

Leucippus – buffy hummingbird

Thaumasius – 2 species

Taphrospilus – many-spotted hummingbird

Eupetomena – 2 species

Talaphorus – 2 species

Trochilus – 2 species: streamertails

Leucolia – 3 species

Saucerottia – 10 species

Amazilia – 5 species

Amazilis – amazilia hummingbird

Uranomitra – Andean emerald

Chrysuronia – 9 species

Leucochloris – white-throated hummingbird

Chionomesa – 2 species: emeralds

Hylocharis – 2 species: sapphires

Elliotomyia – 2 species

Polyerata – 3 species

Chlorestes – 5 species

Taxonomic list

The tribe contains 36 genera.[2]

Image Genus Living species
Phaeoptila
Riccordia
Cynanthus
Chlorostilbon
Basilinna
Pampa
Abeillia
Klais
Orthorhyncus
Anthocephala
Stephanoxis
Campylopterus
Chalybura
Thalurania
Microchera
Goldmania
Eupherusa
Phaeochroa
Leucippus
Thaumasius
Taphrospilus
Eupetomena
Talaphorus
Trochilus
Leucolia
Saucerottia
Amazilia
Amazilis
Uranomitra
Chrysuronia
Leucochloris
Chionomesa
Hylocharis
Elliotomyia
Polyerata
Chlorestes

References

  1. ^ a b c McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078.
  2. ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  3. ^ a b McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology. 56 (5): 837–856. doi:10.1080/10635150701656360. PMID 17934998.
  4. ^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 131.
  5. ^ a b McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.
  6. ^ Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae)". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767. PMID 9066799.
  7. ^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.
  8. ^ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa. 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID 29245495.

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