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((Short description|Experimental Russian armoured vehicle))

((refimprove|date=February 2020))
((Infobox weapon
| name               = Tsar Tank
| image              = [[File:Tsar tank.jpg|center|300px|The Tsar Tank]]
| origin             = [[Russian Empire]]
| service            = 1914–1915 (experimental)
| used_by            = Russian Empire
| is_vehicle         = yes
| is_UK              = yes <!-- to match ou spelling in article -->

<!-- Production history -->| designer           = 
| design_date        = 1914
| manufacturer       = 
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 
| number             = 1
<!-- General specifications -->| spec_label         = 
| mass               = approx ((convert|60  |t| abbr=on))
| length             = ((convert|18|m|ft |abbr=on))
| part_length        = <!-- ((convert|  |  |  |abbr=on)) -->
| width              = ((convert|12|m|ft))
| height             = ((convert|9|m |ft|abbr=on))
| crew               = 10


<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = cannon and machine guns (turret and sponsons)
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = 2x  [[Maybach]] engine
| engine_power       = ((convert|240| hp|abbr=on)) each
| pw_ratio           = 
| payload_capacity   = 
| drive              = 
| transmission       = 
| suspension         = 
| clearance          = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| vehicle_range      = 
| speed              = 
| guidance           = 
| steering           = 
))

The '''Tsar Tank''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Царь-танк'', transcription: ''Tsar'-tank''), also known as the '''Netopyr'''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Нетопырь'', which stands for ''[[Pipistrellus]]'', a genus of [[bat]]) or '''Lebedenko Tank''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''танк Лебеденко''), was a  [[Russian Empire|Russian]] [[Armoured fighting vehicle|armoured vehicle]] developed by [[Nikolai Lebedenko]], [[Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky]], [[Boris Stechkin]], and [[Alexander Mikulin]] from 1914 onwards. The project was cancelled in 1915 after initial tests deemed the vehicle to be underpowered and vulnerable to [[artillery]] fire.

==History==

The Tsar Tank differed from modern [[tank]]s in that it did not use [[caterpillar tracks]]&mdash;rather, it used a [[tricycle]] design. The two front spoked wheels were nearly ((convert|9|m)) in diameter, and the rear-mounted third wheel was only ((convert|1.5|m|ft|round=5)) high. According to the memoirs of Lebedenko, the idea of this machine was prompted by Turkic povozki carts, which, thanks to large diameter wheels, were able to easily traverse bumps and ditches.  The upper [[cannon]] [[gun turret|turret]] reached a height of nearly ((convert|8|m)). The hull was ((convert|12|m)) wide with two more cannon in [[sponson]]s. Additional weapons were also planned under the belly. Each wheel was powered by a 240 hp [[Maybach]] engine.<ref name=Zaloga>((cite book |title=Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two|last=Zaloga |first=Steven J |author2=Grandsen, James  |year=1984 |publisher=Arms and Armour Press |isbn=0-85368-606-8 |page=27 ))</ref> Each engine drove a car wheel which transferred power to a matching giant wheel by being pressed against its rim. The design had a top speed of 10 mph.

Lebedenko had a private laboratory in Moscow (Sadovo-Kudrinskaya, 23) where he carried out orders from the military. The decisive audience for the project took place in January 1915 during which Lebedenko presented [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] with a clockwork wooden model of his car with an engine based on a gramophone spring. According to the recollections of the courtiers, the Tsar and the engineer played with a model of the machine which briskly ran along the carpet, easily overcoming stacks of two or three volumes of the "Code of Laws of the Russian Empire". The audience ended with the fact that Nicholas II, impressed by the vehicle, ordered 210 thousand rubles to be  allocated from his own funds for the project. Nicholas II kept the wooden model of the tank that Lebedenko made for the demonstration. The ultimate fate of the model is unknown.

[[File:Tsar tank model.jpg|thumb|left|Model of the Tsar tank in a museum]]
Details of the tank were manufactured at a plant in [[Khamovniki District|Khamovniki]]. The huge wheels were intended to cross significant obstacles.  However, the rear steerable roller, due to its small size and the incorrect weight distribution of the machine as a whole, got stuck in soft ground almost immediately after the start of the test. The large wheels were unable to pull it out, despite the use of the most powerful propulsion system at that time, consisting of two captured Maybach engines. These were much more powerful than those used on other tanks of the First World War, having been taken from a damaged German airship. This led to a number of failed tests before the High Commission in August 1915, and in September the project was cancelled. Despite this, Stechkin and Mikulin nevertheless began to develop a new engine (AMBES) for the vehicle. However, this attempt was unsuccessful, as were attempts to move the Tsar Tank from its place and pull it out of the test area. Until 1917, the tank was guarded at the test site, but then, due to the outbreak of the Russian revolution, the vehicle was forgotten. Design work on it was no longer carried out and the huge structure of the vehicle rusted for another 6 years in the forest some ((convert|60|km)) from [[Moscow]] until 1923, when the tank was finally dismantled for scrap.

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709014139/http://www.landships.freeservers.com/lebedenko_info.htm |date=July 9, 2008 |title=Lebedenko (or Tsar) Tank ))

((WWI tanks|style=wide))

[[Category:Tanks of Russia]]
[[Category:World War I tanks of Russia]]
[[Category:History of the tank]]

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