Town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
Town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
Tulun (Russian: Тулун, IPA: [tʊˈlun]) is a town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the river Iya (Angara's basin), 390 kilometers (240 mi) northwest of Irkutsk. Population: 44,611 (2010 Census);[2] 51,848 (2002 Census);[9] 52,903 (1989 Census).[10]
History
It was founded in the second half of the 18th century as a village in the Iya Valley.[citation needed] With the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the early 20th century, Tulun grew into an important trade center. It was administrated as a town between 1922 and 1924, before being granted town status permanently in 1927.[citation needed]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tulun serves as the administrative center of Tulunsky District,[4] even though it is not a part of it.[citation needed] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Tulun[1]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Tulun is incorporated as Tulun Urban Okrug.[5]
Geography
Climate
Tulun has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with mild to warm, humid summers and severely cold, drier winters. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −19.9 °C (−3.8 °F) in January to 17.7 °C (63.9 °F). Sunshine is generous and the area receives 2,237 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Tulun (1948−2011)
|
| Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
| Record high °C (°F)
|
4.7
(40.5)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
16.8
(62.2)
|
28.4
(83.1)
|
32.2
(90.0)
|
36.0
(96.8)
|
35.8
(96.4)
|
36.5
(97.7)
|
30.0
(86.0)
|
25.0
(77.0)
|
13.5
(56.3)
|
7.0
(44.6)
|
36.5
(97.7)
|
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
−14.9
(5.2)
|
−10.2
(13.6)
|
−1.8
(28.8)
|
7.1
(44.8)
|
16.2
(61.2)
|
22.3
(72.1)
|
24.1
(75.4)
|
21.2
(70.2)
|
14.5
(58.1)
|
5.8
(42.4)
|
−5.7
(21.7)
|
−13.3
(8.1)
|
5.6
(42.1)
|
| Daily mean °C (°F)
|
−20.4
(−4.7)
|
−17.0
(1.4)
|
−8.9
(16.0)
|
0.7
(33.3)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
15.1
(59.2)
|
17.5
(63.5)
|
14.6
(58.3)
|
7.7
(45.9)
|
−0.1
(31.8)
|
−10.9
(12.4)
|
−18.3
(−0.9)
|
−0.8
(30.6)
|
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
−25.6
(−14.1)
|
−23.1
(−9.6)
|
−15.4
(4.3)
|
−5
(23)
|
1.6
(34.9)
|
8.0
(46.4)
|
11.1
(52.0)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
2.3
(36.1)
|
−4.7
(23.5)
|
−15.7
(3.7)
|
−23.1
(−9.6)
|
−6.6
(20.1)
|
| Record low °C (°F)
|
−46.1
(−51.0)
|
−47.2
(−53.0)
|
−41.1
(−42.0)
|
−26.5
(−15.7)
|
−10
(14)
|
−5.0
(23.0)
|
−0.4
(31.3)
|
−3.0
(26.6)
|
−11.1
(12.0)
|
−29
(−20)
|
−40
(−40)
|
−45
(−49)
|
−47.2
(−53.0)
|
| Average precipitation mm (inches)
|
17.6
(0.69)
|
16.9
(0.67)
|
10.4
(0.41)
|
25.7
(1.01)
|
28.4
(1.12)
|
54.5
(2.15)
|
75.6
(2.98)
|
53.5
(2.11)
|
35.0
(1.38)
|
22.1
(0.87)
|
16.2
(0.64)
|
17.4
(0.69)
|
373.3
(14.72)
|
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)
|
18.8
|
15.1
|
11.3
|
12.9
|
13.0
|
12.4
|
11.3
|
13.5
|
13.2
|
16.9
|
18.2
|
20.1
|
176.7
|
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
81.3
|
73.8
|
62.6
|
56.7
|
53.9
|
65.8
|
72.7
|
75.4
|
72.5
|
72.3
|
78.0
|
83.5
|
70.7
|
| Mean monthly sunshine hours
|
105.4
|
134.4
|
210.8
|
246.0
|
266.6
|
273.0
|
269.7
|
248.0
|
186.0
|
127.1
|
93.0
|
77.5
|
2,237.5
|
| Source: climatebase.ru
|
Economy and infrastructure
The town is a center for timber and brown coal production. The Azeysky and Tulunsky open cut coal mines are located nearby and there is an associated hydrolysis plant in the town.[citation needed]
[7])