Vijayanagara Empire
Ruling dynasties
Sangama dynasty
Harihara I1336–1356
Bukka Raya I1356–1377
Harihara Raya II1377–1404
Virupaksha Raya1404–1405
Bukka Raya II1405–1406
Deva Raya I1406–1422
Ramachandra Raya1422
Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya1422–1424
Deva Raya II1424–1446
Mallikarjuna Raya1446–1465
Virupaksha Raya II1465–1485
Praudha Raya1485
Saluva dynasty
Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya1485–1491
Thimma Bhupala1491
Narasimha Raya II1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka1491–1503
Vira Narasimha Raya1503–1509
Krishna Deva Raya1509–1529
Achyuta Deva Raya1529–1542
Venkata I1542
Sadasiva Raya1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty
Rama Raya1542–1565
Tirumala Deva Raya1565–1572
Sriranga I1572–1586
Venkata II1586–1614
Sriranga II1614
Rama Deva Raya1617–1632
Venkata III1632–1642
Sriranga III1642–1646

Tuluva is the name of the third dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.[1][2] The dynasty traces its patrilineal ancestry to Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, a powerful warlord from the westerly Tulu speaking region.[3] His son Narasimha Nayaka arranged for the assassination of the weak Narasimha Raya II bringing an end to the rule of the Saluva dynasty.[3] Narasimha Nayaka later assumed the Vijayangara throne as Viranarasimha Raya bringing the Tuluva dynasty to prominence.[3] The dynasty was at its zenith during the rule of Krishnadevaraya, the second son of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka.

History

A Sanskrit epigraph on the eastern wall of Tirumala temple describes the genealogy of Krishnadevaraya.[3] The first ancestor of the Tuluva lineage to be mentioned is Timmabhupati and his wife Devaki.[3] Timmabhupati is followed by his son Ishvara and consort Bukkamma and then a certain Narasa Bhupala who is none other than Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, the father of Emperor Krishnadevaraya.[3] The powerful warlord Tuluva Narasa Nayaka is attributed with the conquest of the Gajapatis as well as certain Muslim rulers.[3]

Krishnadevaraya a Tulu speaker himself was noted to be linguistically neutral as he ruled a multilingual empire.[4] He is known to have patronised poets and issued inscriptions in languages as varied as Sanskrit, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu.[4] However, he elevated Telugu as a royal language possibly because of the dominance of Telugu speaking chiefs and composed the epic poem Amuktamalyada in it.[4] Tuluva rulers were staunch Vaishnavas and patronised Vaishnavism.[5] Vyasatirtha, a Kannadiga Dvaita saint was the Kulaguru of Krishnadevaraya.[6]

The fall of the Tuluva dynasty led to the beginning of the disintegration of the Vijayanagar empire.[citation needed]

List of rulers

Name Birth Reign Death
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503 1503
Viranarasimha Raya 1505–1509 1509
Krishnadevaraya 17 January 1471 26 July 1509 – 17 October 1529 17 October 1529
Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542 1542
Venkata - I 1542–1542 (killed in only 6 months) 1542
Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570 1570

See also

References

  1. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 103–112. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. ^ For a map of their territory see: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (e). ISBN 0226742210.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Pollock, Sheldon (2011). Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual History of India and Tibet, 1500–1800. Duke University Press. p. 81. ISBN 9780822349044. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Peter Fibiger Bang, Dariusz Kolodziejczyk (2012). Universal Empire: A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation in Eurasian History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 222–223. ISBN 9781107022676. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  5. ^ N. Jagadeesan (1977). History of Sri Vaishnavism in the Tamil Country: Post-Ramanuja. Koodal Publishers. p. 302. The Tuluva kings of Vijayanagara especially Krishnadeva Raya and his successors were staunch Vaishnavaites.
  6. ^ William J. Jackson (26 July 2007). Vijaynagar Visions: Religious Experience and Cultural Creativity in a South Indian Empire. Oxford University Press India. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-19-568320-2. Retrieved 26 July 2007. When Krishnadevaraya became the ruler Vyasa Tirtha was his guru
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