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((short description|Body of water that allows large ships to turn))
A '''turning basin''',<ref>((cite book |last=Thoresen |first=Carl A. |date=2010 |title=Port designer's handbook |edition= 2nd |location= London |publisher=Thomas Telford |page=522-535 |chapter= 22: Definitions|isbn=9780727740861|oclc=868200455))</ref> '''winding basin''' or '''swinging basin''' is a wider body of water, either located at the end of a [[ship canal]] or in a [[port]] to allow [[cargo ship]]s to turn and reverse their direction of travel, or to enable long narrow barges in a [[canal]] to turn a sharp corner. 

For a complete 180-degree turnaround, the width of the basin must be more than the length of the longest vessel normally [[:wikt:traverse|traversing]] the [[waterway]]. Onboard [[bow thruster]]s or [[tugboat]]s may assist in manoeuvering the ship. 

[[File:Turning basin Gdynia.jpg|thumb|Turning basin in the port of Gdynia, Poland]]
In seaports the turning basins is often not a real physical basin, but a designated area in the harbour basin where turning is possible and mooring is prohibited. In the example from Gdynia the plan is to enlarge the existing turning basin by removing a part of an existing quay (shown in red in the image).

== Dimensions ==
[[World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure|PIANC]] guideline 141<ref>((Cite book |title=Design guidelines for inland waterway dimensions (Incom-wg141) |url=https://izw.baw.de/publikationen/pianc/0/incom_wg_141.pdf |publisher=PIANC |date=2019 |page=131-133 |isbn=978-2-87223-257-4))</ref> recommends a turning basin diameter for channels of 1.2 times the ship's length; in China, twice the ship's length is used. For seagoing vessels, PIANC guideline 121<ref>((Cite book |title=Harbour approach channels design guidelines (MarCom-wg 121) |url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=SHGnDAEACAAJ |publisher=PIANC |date=2014 |page=96 |isbn=978-2-87223-210-9))</ref> recommends a diameter of 2 times the ship's length if tug assistance is present. Without tugboats, three times the ship's length is recommended. The Spanish guidelines for turning basins for seagoing vessels<ref>((Cite book |title=Recommendations for the Design of the Maritime Configuration of Ports,  Approach Channels and Harbour Basins |url=https://www.puertos.es/es-es/BibliotecaV2/ROM%203.1-99%20(EN).pdf |publisher=Puertos del estado |date=2007 |page=section 8.6.4 |isbn=84-88975-39-2))</ref>  provide very specific dimensions for different types of manoeuvrers that may occur at a turning basin in a seaport.

==Examples== 
((multiple image
 | align     = left 
 | direction = horizontal
 | image1    = KSC-107-Rollout1.jpg
 | width1    = ((#expr: (180 *  3000 / 1955) round 0))
 | caption1  = The [[Pegasus barge]] docked in the turning basin beside the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]]
 | image2    = Turning Basin on the Nottingham Canal - geograph.org.uk - 948616.jpg
 | width2    = ((#expr: (180 * 640 / 480) round 0))
 | caption2  = The [[Nottingham Canal]] turns at right-angles at this point, so this basin was built to allow [[narrowboat]]s to negotiate the turn.
 | image3    = Seyboldcanal.jpg
 | width3    = ((#expr: (180 * 4 / 3) round 0))
 | caption3  = The Seybold Canal's turning basin for smaller pleasure craft in [[Miami]], Florida
 ))
((clear left))

==References==
((Reflist))

==See also==
* [[Canal basin]]
* [[Winding hole]]

[[Category:Water transport infrastructure]]
((Watersupply-stub))

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