.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (July 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,251 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Tutul Xiues]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|es|Tutul Xiues)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Kuchkabal Tutul Xiu
1441–1547
Kuchkabals of Yucatan after 1461.
Kuchkabals of Yucatan after 1461.
CapitalManí
Common languagesOfficial language:
Yucatec
Religion
Maya religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Halach Uinik 
Historical erapost classic / Early Modern
• Established
1441
• Disestablished
1547
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
League of Mayapan
New Spain

Tutul-Xiu (Mayan pronunciation: [tutul ʃíːw]), also Tutul Xiues or Mani, was the name of a Mayan chiefdom of the central Yucatán Peninsula with capital in Maní, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century.[1]

Earlier history

In later accounts the Cocom family are stated to have founded Mayapan in the Yucatán Peninsula. However earlier accounts state that the earliest rulers were the Xiu. They held dominance in the settlement for the first century of its existence (c. 1180–1280). This period is marked by an increasing number of stelae being dedicated to mark the end of k'atun periods, perhaps inspired by practices in the city of Uxmal. During this time Mayapan worked cooperatively with Uxmal and also Chichen Itza, which by this point had entered its decline.[2]

The Xiu gradually lost control of Mayapan, which was in the hands of the Cocom and their Canul mercenaries by 1300. In c. 1400 the Cocom expelled a large number of Xiu from the settlement. However the Xiu plotted revenge and in 1441 revolted against the Cocom.[2] One party, led by Ah Xiu Xupan and assisted by mercenaries from elsewhere in Pre-Columbian Mexico, killed all members of the Cocom in Mayapan.[2][3] There was only one significant survivor of that family, who was away on a trading mission. Archaeological excavations have shown evidence of burnt structures, ceremonial deposits and human bones from this period. The destruction led to the decline of the cities of Northern Yucatán. The leading families of Mayapan left to found new settlements and Yucatán fragmented into 18 petty kingdoms. The Chel established themselves at Tecoh, the surviving Cocom at Tibolon and the Xiu at Mani.[2]

During the Spanish conquest

The Xiu were among the most willing allies of the Spanish, who counted the Capul and Cocom among their fiercest opponents.[4] The Xiu later claimed to have submitted to the Spanish because of prophecies foretelling their arrival but their cooperation seems to have been motivated by the possibility of Spanish assistance against the Cocom, as the rivalry had intensified.[5] The first ambassadors from the Xiu met with Spanish conquistador Francisco de Montejo the Younger at Tuchi-caan, around 1539.[6] In 1547 a Spanish mission was established at Mani, the Xiu capital.[7] The Mani Land Treaty of 1557 resolved a border dispute between the Xiu of Mani, the Cocom of Sotuta and the Copul.[8]

References

  1. ^ Roys, Ralph Loveland (1957). The political geography of the Yucatan Maya. Carnegie Institution of Washington. p. 61. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Sharer, Robert J. (14 May 2009). Daily Life in Maya Civilization, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-313-35130-3.
  3. ^ Kicza, John E. (1 September 1999). The Indian in Latin American History: Resistance, Resilience, and Acculturation. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4616-4447-7.
  4. ^ Kicza, John E. (1 September 1999). The Indian in Latin American History: Resistance, Resilience, and Acculturation. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-4616-4447-7.
  5. ^ Kicza, John E. (1 September 1999). The Indian in Latin American History: Resistance, Resilience, and Acculturation. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-4616-4447-7.
  6. ^ Luxton, Richard N. (1995). The Book of Chumayel. Aegean Park Press. p. 251.
  7. ^ Luxton, Richard N. (1995). The Book of Chumayel. Aegean Park Press. p. 297.
  8. ^ McAnany, Patricia A. (2013). Living with the Ancestors: Kinship and Kingship in Ancient Maya Society. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-521-71935-3.


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