The year Tyotkino was founded is considered to be 1650. Tyotkino was founded by natives of the present Poltava region, as well as servicemen from the Moscow state, primarily those who carried out border service. According to the inventory of the stolnik F. G. Orlov (1685): "... The village of Tyotkino has 55 Cherkassy and 15 households of serfs. According to the testimony of landowners Grigory Bolshoi and Andrei Trifonov and his brothers, they built it about 40 years ago."
In 1861, a sugar factory was founded, and in 1865 a distillery (Tyotkinsky distillery) was put into operation, and then in 1886 a steam mill was put into operation. The owners of these enterprises were well known in Russia and Europe sugar manufacturers Tereshchenko (a representative of the Tereshchenko family, Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko, 1886–1956, is an Honorary Citizen of Tetkino). Tyotkino acquired the features of a typical workers' settlement in post-reform Russia.
During World War II, the village was under German control from October 8, 1941, to September 2, 1943. During this time, 40 people were arrested and shot, 118 of Tyotkin's residents were transferred to Germany, and 12 supporters of the Soviet regime were publicly hanged. On September 2, 1943, the troops of the Voronezh Front crossed the Seim River and completely liberated the village.
It has been an urban-type settlement since 1957.
On March 12, 2024, during the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, the Freedom of Russia Legion announced they were in control of the village after a cross border raid, when the Russian soldiers fled leaving their positions and military equipment. Russia denied this statement, saying their forces were still in control of the village.[8][9] The Legion stated that they had conducted the raid together with the Sibir and RDK battalions.[10]
Ivan Anishchenko [ru] (1914–1996) was a Soviet military commander and Major General of the Engineer Corps.
Anatoly Demyanovich [ru] (1908–1983) was Deputy Minister of Mechanical Engineering, Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR, and twice winner of the Stalin Prize. He was born in Tyotkino on December 24, 1908. In April 2019, a book about him was published "Tanks and People: "Battles on the Way" by Chief Engineer Demyanovich".
Serhii Peletminskyi [uk; ru] (1931–2022) was an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and a well-known specialist in the field of theoretical physics.
Mikhail Sheynfeld [ru] (1922–2011) was a Russian historian.
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