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((About|the armoured personnel carrier|other uses|Type 63 (disambiguation)))
((Infobox weapon
| name=Type 63 (YW531)
| image= Type 63 APC at the Beijing Military Museum - 1.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption=Type 63 APC
|origin=((PRC))
|type=[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
|used by=
|wars= ((Unbulleted list|[[Vietnam War]]|[[Angolan Civil War]]|[[Uganda–Tanzania War]]|[[Sino-Vietnamese War]]|[[Iran–Iraq War]]|[[Sri Lankan Civil War]]|[[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|Tiananmen Square Protest]]|[[Gulf War]]|[[2003 invasion of Iraq]]|[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]))
|is_vehicle=yes
|manufacturer=618 Factory / [[Norinco]]
|       length=5.476 m
|        width=2.978 m
|       height=2.58 m
|       weight=12.6 tonnes
|   suspension=torsion bar
|   speed=65 km/h, off-road 46 km/h
|        vehicle_range=500 km
|      primary_armament=Type 54 12.7 mm machine gun
|    secondary_armament=
|       armour=14 mm maximum, welded steel
|       engine=8-cylinder air-cooled, turbo-charged diesel KHD BF8L 413F<br>320 hp
|           hp=
|           kW=
|         crew=2 + 10
|    engine_power= 320 hp
|        pw_ratio=
))
[[File:Type 63 APC at the Beijing Military Museum - above.jpg|thumb|Top-shot of a Type 63 APC (A531) at the Beijing Military Museum]]
The '''Type 63''' (industrial designation '''YW531''') is a [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] [[armoured personnel carrier]] that entered service in the late 1960s. It was the first armoured vehicle designed in China without [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] assistance.<ref name="sino">((cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/armour/type63.asp|title=Type 63|publisher=Sinodefence.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909091952/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/armour/type63.asp|archive-date=9 September 2011|df=dmy-all))</ref> The design is simple and is comparable to other APCs of its time such as the [[M113 Armored Personnel Carrier|M113]].

Approximately 8,000 all types and variants were produced by [[Norinco]]. It also equips several armies around the world and has seen action in different conflicts including the [[Vietnam War]], the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]], the [[Iran–Iraq War]], and the [[Gulf War]].

==Development==
((refsection|date=April 2023))

In 1958 July, the central government of the People's Republic of China proclaimed in a national scientific development strategic plan that called for a tracked armoured personnel carrier that can be ready for mass production in 1960, in less than two years, and Yong Ding Machinery Factory (永定机械厂) – later incorporated into the NORINCO group was to be responsible for the manufacturing of the new APC. 

The design work was left to No. 1 Institute of the First Machinery works (then focusing on tanks design) and the Fourth faculty of the Harbin Engineering Academy to be under the supervision of the Scientific department of the PLA Armour Corp., Fifth Department of First Machinery Works and Soviet experts.

==Description==
((refsection|date=April 2023))
The hull is made of welded steel, and provides protection against small arms fire. The vehicle carries a maximum of 15 including crew, which depending on the particular configuration may be two or four, the rest of the passengers are infantry who sit in a compartment at the rear of the vehicle. The driver sits in the front left of the hull, and has a single piece hatch, which opens to the left. The driver is provided with two day periscopes which cover the front and right of the vehicle. One of the drivers periscopes can be replaced by a night vision device. The commander sits on the front right of the hull, and has a single piece hatch which opens to the right. The commander hatch has a periscope on the top surface that may be rotated through 360 degrees. Export variants of the vehicle with BF8L engine did away with the commander's position in the front right of the hull. Behind the driver, on the left side of the hull is a third crew position, which is provided with a hatch that opens to the left, and like the commander's position has a 360-degree rotating periscope.

The engine sits to the right rear of the driver. It has a large intake located in the top of the hull, with an exhaust on the right hand side. The engine is either a Type 6150L 260&nbsp;hp diesel engine or, on export versions, an 8-cylinder air-cooled, turbocharged diesel engine KHD BF8L 413F which develops 320 horsepower at 2,500 rpm. The engine feeds a manual transmission with five forward gears and one reverse gear. Track is driven at the front by a drive sprocket, and passes over four rubber-typed road wheels, then loops over an idler at the rear, before returning to the front again. No return rollers are fitted, the track rests on the top of the road wheels. Suspension is of the torsion bar type. The vehicle has a fuel capacity of 450 litres, which gives it a road range of around 500 kilometers.<ref>((cite book|title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006))</ref>

A 12.7 millimetre calibre machine gun is located in an open mount at the front of a small hatch in the center of the hull which opens into the troop compartment. The gun can traverse through 360 degrees and can be elevated to an angle of 90 degrees. Two roof hatches and a large rear door provide access to the troop compartment.

The vehicle is amphibious, a folding trim board stowed at the front of the hull needs to be raised, and the vehicle can then propel itself in the water using its tracks.

== Variants ==
Variants are often designated by their manufacturer. WZ stands for ''Wu Zhuang Jia'' (armored vehicle 5) and designates the vehicles produced by the Fifth Machinery Works. YW stands for ''Yongding Wai Mao'' ([[Yongding District, Longyan|Yongding]] external trade).<ref name="Lai 177">((harvnb|Lai|2016|p=177))</ref>
[[File:Type 63-2 (WZ531) 20131004.JPG|thumb|63-2 (WZ531) at the Military Museum]]
[[File:Type 63 Amphibious APC 20131004.JPG|thumb|63 Amphibious APC at the Military Museum]]
* '''Type 531''' (1963<ref name="sino" /> or 1961<ref name="Lai 177" />) – Basic version with Type 56 7.62&nbsp;mm machine gun, not mass-produced.<ref name="sino" />
* '''Type A531''' or '''Type 63''' (1968<ref name="sino" /> or 1963<ref name="Lai 177" />) – Production variant with 12.7&nbsp;mm machine gun Type 54, uprated engine and different transmission.<ref name="sino" /> Also known as '''Type 531A'''.
** '''VTT-323''' – [[North Korea]]n version of the Type A531.<ref>((cite encyclopedia|date=10 October 2001|encyclopedia=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2001–2002|title=VTT-323 armoured personnel carrier |first=Christopher F.|last=Foss))</ref>
* '''Type B531''' or '''Type 63-I''' (1981) – Improved version with stronger suspension, additional firing ports and two additional roof hatches.<ref name="sino" /><ref name="Janes 2001" />
** '''Type 63C''' – PLA version of the YW531C.<ref name="Lai 177" />
* '''Type 63CA''' – PLA version of the YW531E.<ref name="Lai 177" />
* '''Type WZ701''' – Command version of the Type A531 with higher troop compartment and fitted with up to five radios (Type 889, Type 892, Type 70-2B) and a generator. Armament consists of a Type 56-1 machine gun of 7.62&nbsp;mm.
* '''Type WZ721''' – Communications relay vehicle with higher roof line and ZZT1 set.
* '''Type WZ750''' – Armoured ambulance with higher roof line, unarmed.
* '''Type WZ302''' or '''Type 54-1'''/'''Type 63-1 SPH''' – [[Self-propelled artillery]] version of the Type B531 mounting a [[122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)|122 mm Type 54-I]] [[howitzer]]. An improved version, the '''((Interlanguage link|Type 70 self-propelled gun|zh|70式122毫米自行榴弹炮|lt=Type 70))''', has a longer chassis. Both vehicles also mount a [[Type 67 machine gun]].<ref name="sino" /><ref name="Lai 177" /><ref>((cite encyclopedia|date=12 February 2002|encyclopedia=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2002–2003|title=Norinco 122&nbsp;mm self-propelled howitzer Type 54-1/Type 70-1|first=Christopher F.|last=Foss))</ref>
* '''Type WZ303''' or '''Type 70 MRL''' – [[Rocket artillery]] version of the Type A531 with 19-tube 130&nbsp;mm multiple rocket launcher (similar to the [[BM-14]] MRL).<ref name="sino" /><ref>((cite encyclopedia|date=12 February 2002|encyclopedia=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2002–2003|title=Norinco 130&nbsp;mm (19-round) Type 63 and Type 70 multiple rocket systems|first=Christopher F.|last=Foss))</ref>
* '''Type YD801''' – Fire fighting vehicle.<ref name="Lai 178">((harvnb|Lai|2016|p=178))</ref>
* '''ZZM88''' – Cryptography vehicle. Program begun in July 1984 and entered service in August 1992.  Used to provide cryptographic codes for other vehicles.
* '''[[Norinco Type 89 IFV|Type WZ534]]''' (Type 89)
* '''SPAAA Type WZ531''' - ZSD63 with [[ZU-23-2#China|PG87]] 25mm dual barreled AAA gun

=== Export ===
[[File:Puckapunyal-YW701-2.jpg|thumb|Former Iraqi YW701 command vehicle at the Puckkapunyal Military Museum]]
* '''Type YW531C''' (1982)<ref name="sino" /> – Export version of the 531 series with German [[Deutz AG|Deutz]] engine KHD BF8L of ((convert|320|hp|abbr=on)). The  machine gunner's position front right was deleted.<ref name="sino" /><ref name="Janes 2001" />
* '''Type YW531D''' – Modified version with only 1 instead of 2 firing ports on the left side.<ref name="Janes 2001" />
* '''Type YW531E''' – As per YW531D but with one additional radio Type 892.<ref name="Janes 2001" />
* '''Type YW701''' – Export version of the Type WZ701 command post vehicle. Based on the Type YW531C and equipped with a commander's cupola with Type 54 machine gun. Improved version '''Type YW701A'''.<ref name="Janes 2001" />
* '''Type YW750''' – Export version of the Type WZ750 armoured ambulance. Based on the Type YW531C<ref name="Janes 2001" /> and equipped with a commander's cupola with Type 54 machine gun.
* '''Type YW304''' – Self-propelled 82&nbsp;mm mortar with 120 rounds, based on the Type YW531C/Type 531H.<ref name="Janes 2001" /><ref name="Lai 178" />
* '''Type YW381''' – Self-propelled 120&nbsp;mm [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] with 50 rounds, based on the Type YW531C.<ref name="Janes 2001" />
* '''[[Type 85 AFV|Type YW531H]]''' (Type 85)

== Combat history ==
[[File:Type 63 Shalamcheh.jpg|thumb|A destroyed Type 63 at the Iran-Iraq border.]]
The Type 63 has been fielded by [[North Vietnam|Vietnamese]] and Chinese armies during the [[Vietnam War]] and the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]].<ref name="Janes 2001" /> During the Chinese invasion of Vietnam, it proved to be very valuable because of its protection and its cross-country abilities.<ref name="Lai 178" /> The [[Zaire|Zairan]] forces used it during the [[Angolan Civil War]],((citation needed|date=September 2019)) as did the [[Tanzania]]ns during the [[Uganda–Tanzania War]].<ref>((cite magazine|first1=Tom|last1=Cooper|first2=Adrien|last2=Fontanellaz|title=La guerre du Kagera|magazine=Batailles et Blindés|language=fr|date=October 2016|publisher=Caraktère|issn=1765-0828|issue=75|pages=72–81))</ref> During the [[Iran–Iraq War]], China exported quantities of Type 63s to Iraq.<ref name="Janes 2001">((cite encyclopedia|date=10 October 2001|encyclopedia=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2001–2002|title=Norinco YW 531 armoured personnel carrier|first=Christopher F.|last=Foss))</ref> These vehicles have seen further service during the [[Gulf War]]<ref>((cite book|title=The Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm 1990–1991|first=Anthony|last=Tucker-Jones|date=31 May 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNSwBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT47|page=47|publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-78159-391-2))</ref><ref>((cite journal|last=Press|first=D. G. |year=1997|title=Lessons from Ground Combat in the Gulf: The Impact of Training and Technology|journal=International Security|issue=2|volume=22|pages= 137–146|doi=10.1162/isec.22.2.137|s2cid=57571514 ))</ref> and the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>((cite book|title=Armoured Warfare in the Vietnam War: Rare Photographs from Wartime Archives|date=30 Oct 2014|isbn=978-1-78159-381-3|publisher=Pen & Sword Military|first=Michael |last=Green|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_psBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|page=109))</ref> The [[Peshmerga]] forces used at least one Type 63 APC against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]].<ref>((cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmFMoPTmOKA#t=56 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/dmFMoPTmOKA |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Kurdish Peshmergas Lead Fightback Against ISIS In Iraq|via=youtube.com))((cbignore))((better source needed|date=May 2019))</ref>

==Operators==
<!--[[File:Type 63 APC operators.png|thumb|400px|Map of Type 63 (APC) operators in blue with former operators in red]] 
''Please note that this is an outdated map of Operators ''-->

===Current operators===
* ((flag|Kurdistan)) - Seen in use against ISIL forces ((sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=491)) 
* ((flag|North Korea))((sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=265))<ref name="Janes 2001" />
* ((flag|Sri Lanka))((sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=289))
* ((flag|Vietnam)) – 80((sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=297))
* ((flag|Zimbabwe)) – 30 received in 1981.<ref name=trade /> 8 in service((sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=478))
* ((flag|People's Republic of China)) – Around 2,400 Type 63 and Type 63C in service((sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=241))
* ((flag|Myanmar)) - 150 YW-531H in service<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1119/MR1119.appa.pdf# |title=Archived copy |website=www.rand.org |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021040207/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1119/MR1119.appa.pdf# |archive-date=21 October 2014 |url-status=dead))</ref>
* ((flag|Sudan)) – 50 received in 1981<ref name=trade /><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2023/04/from-conflict-to-conflict-sudans.html|title=From Conflict To Conflict: Sudan's Fighting Vehicles))</ref>

===Former operators===
*((flag|Albania)) – 103 received in 1963–1974<ref name=trade />
* ((flag|Bangladesh)) – ~50<ref>((cite book|title=The Military Balance 2001|date=2001|volume=101 |publisher=Routlegde|ref=((harvid|The Military Balance 2001))|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies|chapter=Central and South Asia|journal=The Military Balance|pages=152–171|doi=10.1080/04597220108460156|s2cid=219624390))</ref>
* ((flag|Iraq)) - 650 delivered in 1982–1988 (although Iraq Kurdish forces were seen using them against ISIL forces)<ref name=trade />
* ((flag|Tanzania)) – ~30<ref name="Janes 2001" />
* ((flag|Zaire)) – 12 delivered in 1976<ref name=trade>((cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |publisher=Armstrade.sipri.org |access-date=7 May 2019))</ref>
* ((flagicon image|Tamil Eelam Flag.svg)) [[LTTE]] – 1 captured from the Sri Lanka Army and converted to light tank with a [[Alvis Saladin]] turret. Recaptured by the Sri Lanka Army in 2009.<ref>((cite news |title=Armored vehicles converted by Sri Lankan rebels/Bangladesh |url=https://min.news/en/military/8a12c77bfce28e4fd76b70f56958991f.html |access-date=8 October 2021 |agency=min.news))</ref>

===Evaluation purposes===
((flag|Australia)) - Captured and given to Australia in 1972 by the South Vietnamese government and then tested<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/news/ontarget/2008/aug08/rw.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321025015/http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/news/ontarget/2008/aug08/rw.cfm|archive-date=21 March 2012|date=August 2008|first=Mike |last=Cecil|title=Remember when … we got a YW531?))</ref>

==References==
((reflist|2))

== Bibliography ==
* ((cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=9781857438352 |publisher=Routlegde|ref=((harvid|The Military Balance 2016))|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies))
* ((cite book|title=The Dragon's Teeth: The Chinese People's Liberation Army--Its History, Traditions, and Air Sea and Land Capability in the 21st Century|first=Benjamin|last=Lai|isbn=9781612003894 |date=2016|publisher=Casemate ))

==External links==
((Commons|YW 531))
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/type-63.htm Type 63 YW-531 Armored Personnel Carrier]

((PRCAFVs))

((Use dmy dates|date=June 2017))

((DEFAULTSORT:Type 63 (Armoured Personnel Carrier)))
[[Category:Tracked armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s]]

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Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_63_(armoured_personnel_carrier)"