Near Leitmeritz there were three types of Nazi detention facilities: Leitmeritz concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg; Theresienstadt Ghetto (lower right, west of the Eger River) and Theresienstadt Small Fortress, a Gestapo prison.[1][2]
Leitmeritz concentration camp
Leitmeritz concentration camp
Near Leitmeritz there were three types of Nazi detention facilities: Leitmeritz concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg; Theresienstadt Ghetto (lower right, west of the Eger River) and Theresienstadt Small Fortress, a Gestapo prison.[1][2]

The phrase "Nazi concentration camp" is often used loosely to refer to various types of internment sites operated by Nazi Germany.[3] More specifically, Nazi concentration camps refers to the camps run by the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office.[4] The Nazi regime employed various types of detention and murder facilities within Germany and the territories it conquered, while Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities on their territories.

The editors of Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos estimate that these sites totaled more than 42,500 locations, of which 980 were Nazi concentration camps proper.[5]

Nazi Germany

Types of detention and murder facilities employed by the Nazi regime included:[3][4][6]

Type German name Description
Civilian workers camp Gemeinschaftslager
Custody camp Haftlager
Civilian internment camp Internierungslager (Ilag) Camp to hold Allied civilians, caught in areas that were occupied by the German Army
Camp for Jews Judenlager (Julag), Umschulungslager, Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden
Concentration camp Konzentrationslager Camp for the mass detention without trial of civilians, ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc.
Early camps
Aktion T4 Euthanasia centers Euthanasie-Tötungsanstalt, T4-Tötungsanstalt Centers for murder of mentally ill or physically disabled people by involuntary euthanasia
Extermination camp Vernichtungslager Six killing centers for the dedicated purpose of systematic mass murder, primarily of Jews.
Forced (slave) labor camp Zwangsarbeitslager
Ghetto Ghetto
Germanization facilities
Gestapo camps
Gypsy camps Zigeunerlager
Housing camp Wohnlager
Labor camp Arbeitslager
Military brothels
National Labor Service camp RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst)-Lager
Penal or punishment camp Strafgefangenenlager and Straflager
Preferential camp Vorzugslager
Prisoner-of-war camp Kriegsgefangenenlager Imprisonment camp for Allied military personnel captured and held under the terms of the Third Geneva Convention
Police custody camp Polizeihaftlager
Prisons
Satellite camp Außenkommando Camp built outside of the main concentration camp as a forced labor camp
Security camp Schutzhaftlager
Special camp Sonderlager
Workers education camp Arbeitserziehungslager
Work house Arbeitshaus
Transit camp Durchgangslager Camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps.
Youth protection camp Jugendschutzlager
Youth detention camp Jugendverwahrungslager

Nazi Allies

Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities, including:[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu [Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp. 79, 82–83. ISBN 978-80-264-1900-6.
  2. ^ Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
  3. ^ a b "Nazi Camps". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume I, Editor’s Introduction to the Series and Volume I
  5. ^ Lichtblau, Eric (1 March 2013). "The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  6. ^ Kaiser, Anne; Weinmann, Martin (1998). Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem [The Nazi Camp System] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins. p. lxxxix-cxxxiv. ISBN 978-3-86150-261-6.
  7. ^ Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume III, table of contents
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