Resolution 1718 imposed a series of economic sanctions on the DPRK and established a committee to gather more information, specify the sanctions,[6] monitor them, and issue recommendations.[1] The committee's responsibilities have broadened as subsequent resolutions expanded and strengthened sanctions, which include an arms embargo, a ban on luxury goods, financial sanctions, and limitations on export of mining resources.[7][8]
A Panel of Experts (PoE) established in 2009 supports the work of the committee through expert analysis,[9][10][11][12][13][14][8] particularly in evaluating cases of non-compliance.[15] While the committee can make legally-binding decisions on how to specifically execute the sanctions (by naming which entities are targeted, for example),[6][1] the PoE only has an informational and advisory role in support of those decisions.[15]
Establishment
The committee was established pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006) to oversee the relevant sanctions measures relating to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).[4][1][8][5]
Excerpts of the UN Security Council Resolution 1718
Expressing the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) that it has conducted a test of a nuclear weapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond,(...)
8. Decides that:
(a) All Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK (...)
12. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the Council, to undertake the following tasks:
(a) To seek from all States, in particular those producing or possessing the items, materials, equipment, goods and technology referred to in paragraph 8 (a) above, information regarding the actions taken by them to implement effectively the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above of this resolution and whatever further information it may consider useful in this regard;
(b) To examine and take appropriate action on information regarding alleged violations of measures imposed by paragraph 8 of this resolution;
(c) To consider and decide upon requests for exemptions set out in paragraphs 9 and 10 above;
(d) To determine additional items, materials, equipment, goods and technology to be specified for the purpose of paragraphs 8 (a) (i) and 8 (a) (ii) above;
(e) To designate additional individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 8 (d) and 8 (e) above;
(f) To promulgate guidelines as may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of the measures imposed by this resolution;
(g) To report at least every 90 days to the Security Council on its work, with its observations and recommendations, in particular on ways to strengthen the effectiveness of the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above;
Resolution 1718 (2006), Adopted by the Security Council at its 5551st meeting, on 14 October 2006.[1][8]
Additional functions were entrusted to the committee in resolutions 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), and 2321 (2016).[4][1] In 2017, the committee began to track the procurement of DPRK coal by Member States.[16][7][8] The committee is formed by representatives of all UNSC members.[4][1][8]
To assist the Sanctions Committee on North Korea in carrying out its mandate; gather, examine and analyze information , make recommendations, issue reports.
The committee is supported by a Panel of Experts (PoE) that was established in 2009 by UNSC resolution 1874,[9] to assist the committee in carrying out its mandate; gather, examine and analyze information from States regarding the implementation of the measures (including incidents of non-compliance); make recommendations to improve implementation of the measures imposed; and issue reports.[9][10][11][12][13][14][8][17]
It is composed of eight experts and is based in New York City.[10][11][12][13][9] Its mandate has been extended annually through resolutions 1928 (2010), 1985 (2011), 2050 (2012), 2094 (2013), 2141 (2014), 2207 (2015), 2276 (2016), 2345 (2017), 2407 (2018), 2464 (2019), 2515 (2020), 2569 (2021), 2627 (2022), and 2680 (2023).[8][10][9][18]
In 2024 the UNSC did not extend the PoE mandate, which was to expire on April 30 of that year.[19] Of the 15 UNSC members, 13 voted in favor of renewing the mandate, China abstained, and Russia exercised its veto power.[20][21] Russia and the DPRK have experienced a renaissance of their relationship especially in the last two years as the latter has become an important supplier of war materiel to the former.[22] The vote did not impact the sanctions themselves, only the monitoring.[23] Several members observed that the PoE had recently been investigating breaches of the sanctions regime by the party who wielded the dismissal.[24]
The panel acts under the direction of the committee and its members are appointed by the secretary-general of the United Nations in consultation with the committee. They have specialized backgrounds in areas such as nuclear issues, other weapons of mass destruction and conventional arms, customs and export controls, weapons of mass destruction arms control and non-proliferation policy, finance, maritime transport and missile technology.[10][9][8]
^ abPaulus, Andreas L.; Müller, Jörn (November 3, 2006). "Security Council Resolution 1718 on North Korea's Nuclear Test". Insights. 10 (29). American Society of International Law. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. The Security Council has frequently established sanction regimes[4] and has set up sanctions committees supervising their implementation.[5] The power of the Security Council to set up such regimes is firmly established in international law.
^UN Security Council 1874 (2009), quote: "26. Requests the Secretary-General to create for an initial period of one year, in consultation with the Committee, a group of up to seven experts (“Panel of Experts”), acting under the direction of the Committee to carry out the following tasks: (a) assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in resolution 1718 (2006) and the functions specified in paragraph 25 of this resolution; (b) gather, examine and analyse information from States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties regarding the implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance; (c) make recommendations on actions the Council, or the Committee or Member States, may consider to improve implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution; and (d) provide an interim report on its work to the Council no later than 90 days after adoption of this resolution, and a final report to the Council no later than 30 days prior to termination of its mandate with its findings and recommendations;"
