UPTI Affair (Ukrainian: Справа УФТІ, Sprava UFTI; Russian: Дело УФТИ, Delo UFTI) was a criminal case against a number of scholars of the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute in Kharkov, Soviet Ukraine, by the GUGB during 1938, a part of the Great Purge.^[1]

As a result, the UFTI leaders, including a Soviet experimental physicist Lev Shubnikov, were arrested and executed during this crisis. In the response to the state of affairs, the Soviet physicists Moisey Korets and Lev Landau, wrote the leaflet which directly condemned Joseph Stalin and the secret police NKVD.