Typical Victory Ship
History
United States
Name	SS South Bend Victory
Namesake	Nathaniel Bowditch
Owner	War Shipping Administration
Operator	Waterman Steamship Company for World War II
Builder	Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation, Portland, Oregon
Laid down	11 May 1945
Launched	30 June 1945
In service	27 July 1945
Out of service	22 October 1953
Fate	Transferred to the Navy, 2 August 1957
United States
Name	USNS Bowditch
Namesake	Nathaniel Bowditch
Acquired	2 August 1957
In service	8 October 1958
Out of service	1988
Stricken	4 March 1988
Identification	IMO number: 7738450
Fate	Sold for scrapping, 4 March 1988
General characteristics
Type	Oceanographic survey ship
Displacement	4,420 long tons (4,491 t) light 13,050 long tons (13,259 t) full
Length	455 ft (139 m)
Beam	62 ft (19 m)
Draft	23 ft (7.0 m)
Propulsion	Cross compound steam turbine with double reduction gear, 6,000–8,500 hp (4.5–6.3 MW)
Speed	16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Complement	62 Merchant Marine and 28 US Naval Armed Guards, during WW2
Armament	1 × 5 inch (127 mm)/38 caliber gun 1 × 3 inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun 8 × 20 mm Oerlikon as WW2 ship
Notes	[1]

USNS Bowditch (T-AGS-21) was the lead ship of her class of oceanographic survey ships for the United States Navy. Launched as the SS South Bend Victory in 1945, Maritime Commission hull number MCV 694, a type VC2-S-AP3 Victory ship, she was named for Nathaniel Bowditch, the second U.S. Navy vessel named in his honor. The ship was acquired by the Navy in August 1957 and converted to an AGS at Charleston Naval Shipyard. Named Bowditch on 8 August 1957 and placed in service 8 October 1958 for operation by the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS).^[2]

SS South Bend Victory

SS South Bend Victory was a World War II era Victory ship. She was laid down on 11 May 1945 and delivered to the Maritime Commission on 30 June 1945. For World War II she was operated by the Waterman Steamship Company under the United States Merchant Marine act for the War Shipping Administration. She had United States Navy Armed Guard to man the deck guns. She was built under the Emergency Shipbuilding program under cognizance of the U.S. Maritime Commission.

War Relief and Seacowboys

In 1946 after World War II the South Bend Victory was converted to a livestock ship, also called a cowboy ship. From 1945 to 1947 the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and the Brethren Service Committee of the Church of the Brethren sent livestock to war-torn countries. These "seagoing cowboys" made about 360 trips on 73 different ships. The Heifers for Relief project was started by the Church of the Brethren in 1942; in 1953 this became Heifer International.^[3] The SS South Bend Victory was one of these ships, known as cowboy ships, as she moved livestock across the Atlantic Ocean. In the April and June of 1946 she took 780 horses, several thousand baby chicks and hay bales to Poland on each trip. South Bend Victory moved horses, heifers, and mules as well as some chicks, rabbits, and goats.^[4][5] She was operated by the Prudential Steamship Corporation from 1950 to 1953 for Korean War. In 1953 with her war work done she was laid up in the James River as part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet.

U.S. Navy

The ship was acquired by the U.S. Navy from the National Defense Reserve Fleet in August 1957, renamed Bowditch, and converted to an Oceanographic Survey Ship (AGS) at the Charleston Naval Shipyard from 10 October 1957 to 30 September 1958.

USNS Bowditch T-AGS-21

USNS Bowditch T-AGS-21 was operated by the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) for the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office in the Ocean Survey Program (OSP) under direction of the U.S. Navy Office of Special Projects in support of the U.S. Navy Fleet Ballistic Missile Program.^[6] Three ships were converted for this purpose: Bowditch, and identical sister ships Dutton and Michelson.

Attached aboard Bowditch was a US Navy Oceanographic Detachment, upgraded ca. May 1966 to an Oceanographic Unit, of approximately 3 officers and 22 enlisted personnel, mostly technicians. Varying numbers of civilian scientists and engineers managed survey operations, and maintained certain navigation and sonar equipment, usually about 12 oceanographers from the Naval Oceanographic Office, some personnel from the Naval Applied Sciences Laboratory, and about 7 technical representatives from private corporations which included Sperry Corporation maker of the ships Gyroscope.

Bowditch was taken out of service in 1987 and laid up the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Beaumont. She was disposed of by MARAD exchange 4 March 1988 and scrapped in Kaohsiung.^[7][8]