USS Block Island underway with a deckload of aircraft, 15 October 1943.
History
United States
Name	USS Block Island
Namesake	Block Island Sound
Builder	Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation
Laid down	19 January 1942
Launched	1 May 1942
Sponsored by	Mrs. H. B. Hutchinson
Commissioned	8 March 1943
Honors and awards	2 Battle Stars
Fate	Torpedoed by U-549; scuttled by escort screen, 29 May 1944
General characteristics
Class and type	Bogue-class escort carrier
Displacement	16,620 long tons (16,890 t)
Length	495.66 ft (151.08 m)
Beam	111 ft 6 in (33.99 m)
Draft	26 ft (7.9 m)
Installed power	8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Propulsion	1 × Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbine 1 × shaft
Speed	18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h)
Complement	890 officers and men
Armament	2 × 4"/50, 5"/38 or 5"/51/38 cal dual purpose guns
Aircraft carried	24
Aviation facilities	2 × elevators

USS Block Island (CVE-21/AVG-21/ACV-21) was a Bogue-class escort carrier for the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first of two escort carriers named after Block Island Sound off Rhode Island and was the only American carrier sunk in the Atlantic during the war.

Originally classified AVG-21, she became ACV-21 on 20 August 1942, and CVE-21 on 15 July 1943.^[1] She was named after Block Island, an island in Rhode Island east of New York.^[2]

Construction and commissioning

Block Island was launched on 6 June 1942 by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation in Tacoma, Washington, under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs H. B. Hutchinson, wife of Commander Hutchinson. She transferred to the United States Navy on 1 May 1942 and commissioned on 8 March 1943, with Captain Logan C Ramsey in command.

Aircraft carried

Block Island had capacity for up to 24 fighter and anti-submarine aircraft normally a mixture of Grumman Wildcat and Avengers with composition dependent upon the mission. The squadron had the callsign VC-25 USN (Composite Squadron Twenty Five).^[3]

When she was utilised in a ferry role, she could carry up to 90 aircraft depending on aircraft type.

Service history

Departing San Diego, California in May 1943, Block Island steamed to Norfolk, Virginia, to join the Atlantic Fleet. She then made two trips from New York City to Belfast, Ireland, carrying Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters.

USS Bogue (CVE-9) and USS Card (CVE-11) had pioneered new anti-submarine warfare (ASW) techniques in the Battle of the Atlantic, forming hunter-killer groups to destroy German submarines. Block Island formed another group with four veteran flush-deck destroyers, Paul Jones, Parrott, Barker, and Bulmer as Task Group (TG) 21.1. During her four anti-submarine cruises, Block Island's aircraft sank two submarines and shared another two with her escorts.

On 28 October 1943, her Avenger and Wildcat aircraft sank U-220 with depth charges at 48°53′N 33°30′W / 48.883°N 33.500°W / 48.883; -33.500 (German submarine U-220), fifty-six men were killed (all hands).

On 19 March 1944, her aircraft sank U-1059 in 13°10′N 33°44′W / 13.167°N 33.733°W / 13.167; -33.733 (German submarine U-1059) southwest of the Cape Verde Islands. U-1059 was transporting torpedoes to the Monsun Gruppe ("Monsoon Group"), a group of U-boats that operated in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Of U-1059’s crew, 47 were killed and 8 captured.^[4]

On 17 March 1944, Block Island, destroyer Corry, and destroyer escort Bronstein sank U-801 at 16°42′N 30°20′W / 16.700°N 30.333°W / 16.700; -30.333 (German submarine U-801). Nine of the boat's crew were killed and 47 taken prisoner.

On 6 May 1944, Block Island and destroyer escort Buckley sank U-66 at 17°17′N 32°29′W / 17.283°N 32.483°W / 17.283; -32.483 (German submarine U-66).^[1] The boat lost 24 killed and there were 36 survivors, later transferred to Block Island.

Sinking

Block Island was torpedoed off the Canary Islands at 20:13 on 29 May 1944 by U-549 who had slipped through her screen of escorts. U-549 fired three T-3 torpedoes, hitting her with two and severely damaging the ship which later sank.^[5][6] Six crewmen were killed in the attack; the remaining 951 were picked up by the escorting destroyers.^[1]

Eugene E. Elmore attacked and sank U-549 using her hedgehog spigot mortar system and depth charges in 31°13′N 23°03′W / 31.217°N 23.050°W / 31.217; -23.050 (German submarine U-549).^[1]

When Block Island was torpedoed, six of her Wildcats (VC-55) were in the air and had no place to land. They headed for the Canary Islands but all had to ditch at night after running out of fuel and only two of the pilots were rescued.^[7]

Reunions

Former crewmembers held several reunions, the final one in Fargo, North Dakota in 2019.^[8]

Awards

Block Island received two battle stars for her service.