U.S. Army Lt. Raymond Zussman (FS-246), sometime between 1944 and 1950.
The Seattle, Washington, naval architect Harold Cornelius Hanson[1][2] designed the vessel as a wooden-hulled coastal cargo ship.[1] The official designation was Design 342 (Vessel, Passenger-Cargo, Diesel, Wood, 148') with only fifteen, FS-238 through FS-252, being built by three builders in Washington and California.[3][4][5][note 1] The Northwestern Shipbuilding Company constructed her at Bellingham, Washington, and delivered her to the United States Army in June 1944 for use during World War II.[1][6] The U.S. Army placed her in service as the "freight and supply" ship U.S. Army Lt. Raymond Zussman (FS-246) and retained the ship for use after the war.[1][3]
On the night of 3 June 1950, the FWS Pribilof tender US FWS Penguin caught fire while moored at the FWS dock in Lake Union in Seattle.[8] Before firefighters could extinguish the blaze, it destroyed her superstructure and cabins.[8] Although her hull remained intact,[8] the FWS determined that the cost of repairing the damage – originally estimated at US$15,000 to US$20,000,[8] but later at US$75,000[1] – was more than the cost of replacing her.[1] Before the fire, Penguin had been scheduled to depart Seattle for the Pribilofs with much-needed provisions on 13 June 1950,[1] so the matter of replacing her was one of urgency. On 9 June 1950, the FWS purchased Lt. Raymond Zussman from the U.S. Army.[1] The ship was faster and larger (540 gross register tons than Penguin (394 gross register tons), and, as US FWS Lt. Raymond Zussman, she departed Seattle for her first voyage to the Pribilofs on 17 June 1950, only four days later than Penguin′s scheduled departure.[1] During the summer of 1950, United States Secretary of the InteriorOscar L. Chapman announced that Lt. Raymond Zussman would undergo a name change, saying, "The goodwill built up for 20 years in the name of the Penguin will not be lost...the vessel's successor has been named Penguin II."[1] Accordingly, the FWS formally renamed the ship US FWS Penguin II on 21 September 1950.[1]Penguin II made three round-trips between Seattle and the Pribilof Islands in 1950.[1]
A baidara, or "bidarrah," better known today as an Umiak, is towed out to US FWS Penguin II to unload her while she rides at anchor in the Bering Sea off the Pribilof Islands in 1961. The lack of docking facilities for Penguin II in the Pribilofs necessitated this time-consuming method of lighterage there at the time.
Penguin II underwent renovations in February 1951 which gave her more cabin area, doubled her cargo capacity, and gave her ten times the refrigerated storage space of her predecessor Penguin;[1] later, she also received an electromechanical steering system.[1] She made five round trips between Seattle and the Pribilofs in 1952, during which she logged 26,387 nautical miles (48,869 km; 30,366 mi).[1] She made six trips in 1953, logging 32,351 nautical miles (59,914 km; 37,229 mi) and carrying 612 passengers, 3,450 tons of general cargo, and 146,484 U.S. gallons (117,187 Imperial gallons; 554,502 liters) of fuel oil.[1] She transported many of the 66,378 sealskins harvested in 1953 at the Pribilofs to Seattle.[1]
In addition to making voyages between Seattle and the Pribilofs, Penguin II also made trips within the Pribilofs between Saint Paul Island and St. George Island to provide inter-island transportation for local passengers and cargo.[1] She also delivered provisions to small Aleut communities on the Alaska Peninsula and in the Aleutian Islands. Each autumn, she delivered Christmas trees during her voyages.[1] In 1956, the Fish and Wildlife Service was renamed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as part of a reorganization that year that created the USFWS′s new Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF), which thereafter maintained and operated Penguin II.
By the early 1960s, the demand for supplies in the Pribilof Islands had increased to the point that the BCF considered Penguin II too small to serve as its Pribilof tender.[1] In October 1962, the U.S. Army loaned the refrigerated cargo ship FSR-791 to the BCF, which placed her in service as the new Pribilof tender US FWS Pribilof in 1963.[9] Consequently, the BCF decommissioned Penguin II in 1963 and sold her at auction in Seattle on 18 August 1964.[1]
^Martinolich Repair, San Francisco, California built 5, Northwestern Shipbuilding, Bellingham, Washington built 6 and Pacific Shipways, Anacortes, Washington built 4.
United States Army
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.JPG)
