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((Refimprove|date=June 2014))
[[Image:UdineCastelloparteanteriore.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The front side of the Castle]]
The '''Castle of Udine''' (Italian: '''Castello di Udine''') is a historical building in [[Udine]], [[Northern Italy]], built upon a hill in the historical center of the city (138 meters above sea level).

==History==

The Castle hill was long supposed to be made of drift accumulating during centuries. However, a legend about its origin says that when [[Attila]] the Hun (also called the Scourge of God) plundered [[Aquileia]] (one of the biggest cities of the [[Roman Empire]] at that time) in the year 452, he asked his soldiers to build a hill to see Aquileia burning. This was made by filling the helmet of each soldier with ground.

Recent scientific studies <ref>((cite web|title=The largest prehistoric mound in Europe is the Bronze-Age Hill of Udine (Italy) and legend linked its origin to Attila the Hun|accessdate=June 15, 2023|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-35175-8))</ref> showed that the hill is artificial, but much older than the legend presupposes.<ref>
((Cite web|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-35175-8/figures/6|title =  Stratigraphic section of the Udine mound with indications of cores, tunnels and archaeological excavations. ))</ref>
In fact, the origins of the hill are in the [[Bronze Age]], and it might date to a period between 3000 and 3500 years ago, contemporary
to the slightly higher [[Silbury Hill]] in [[Wiltshire]], England. However the castle Hill in Udine is bigger by volume, making it the biggest prehistoric [[mound]] in Europe.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/friuliveneziagiulia/notizie/2022/04/08/archeologia-colle-castello-udine-e-artificiale-ha-3000-anni_86cabc01-303c-46e2-a62e-4046c7f679d9.html|title = Archeologia: Colle  Udine è artificiale, ha 3000 anni - Friuli V. G.|date = 8 April 2022))</ref>

The first official statement of the existence of a building on the hill dates back to 983: the Holy Roman Emperor [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] donated to Rodoaldo, [[Patriarch of Aquileia]] a "castrum", a military building.

The present building has the form of a palace and it was built on the ruins of a fortress destroyed in the year [[1511 Idrija earthquake]]. The construction had started in 1517 and the works had lasted for 50 years. The external decoration of the palace and the paintings in the Parliament Hall are due to [[Giovanni da Udine]], one of the pupils of [[Raphael]].

The council of the [[Patria del Friuli]] was one of the first parliaments in the world, and it was suppressed after the French occupation in 1797.

Today the castle hosts the History and Art Museum of the City of Udine.

<gallery>
Image:Salite_castello_udine.jpg|The slope to the Castle
Image:UdineCastelloFrontingresso.jpg|Front entrance of the Castle
File:Udine, castello 01.JPG|Rear view of the Castle
Image:Udine Castle.jpg|Rear view with the square
File:L’Angelo del campanile della Chiesa di Santa Maria di Castello di Udine.JPG|The Angel of the steeple of the Church of Santa Maria di Castello di Udine
</gallery>

== References ==
((reflist))

((coord|46|03|51|N|13|14|11|E|region:IT_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title))
((Authority control))

[[Category:1517 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:16th-century fortifications]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Udine|Castle]]
[[Category:Castles in Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
[[Category:Museums in Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
[[Category:Local museums in Italy]]
[[Category:Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
[[Category:Attila the Hun]]
[[Category:Bronze Age sites in Europe]]
[[Category:Palaces in Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]

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