Umberto Agnelli
Agnelli in 1970
Member of the Senate of the Republic
In office
5 July 1976 – 19 June 1979
ConstituencyRome
President of FIGC
In office
10 August 1959 – 7 August 1961
Preceded byBruno Zauli
Succeeded byGiuseppe Pasquale
Personal details
Born(1934-11-01)1 November 1934
Lausanne, Switzerland
Died27 May 2004(2004-05-27) (aged 69)
Venaria Reale, Italy
NationalityItalian
Political partyChristian Democracy
Spouses
  • Antonella Bechi Piaggio
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1959; div. 1974)​
  • Allegra Caracciolo di Castagneto
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1975)​
Children5, including Giovanni Alberto and Andrea
Parents
RelativesAgnelli family
Alma materUniversity of Catania
OccupationHead of Fiat S.p.A. and Juventus F.C.

Umberto Agnelli (Italian: [umˈbɛrto aɲˈɲɛlli]; 1 November 1934 – 27 May 2004) was an Italian industrialist and politician. He was the third son of Virginia (born Donna Virginia Bourbon del Monte) and Edoardo Agnelli, and the youngest brother of Gianni Agnelli.[1][2]

Agnelli served as a CEO of Italian carmaker Fiat from 1970 to 1976.[3] After the death of his brother, he was briefly chairman of the Fiat Group until his death, aged 69, in 2004.[4] He was also chairman and later honorary chairman of Juventus, the football team long-associated with Fiat and the Agnelli family, and was for a time the president of the Italian Football Federation. He was a Christian Democracy member of the Senate of the Republic from 1976 to 1979.[1] In 2015, he was posthumously inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.[5]

Early life

Agnelli was born in Lausanne, Switzerland,[6] on 1 November 1934, as the youngest of seven children.[7] After the premature deaths of his parents, Edoardo Agnelli and Virginia Bourbon del Monte in two unrelated accidents, he was raised by his older brother Gianni Agnelli. He graduated in law at the University of Catania. Like his brother and his grandfather, Giovanni Agnelli, who cofounded Fiat S.p.A. in 1899,[8][9] he also carried out his military service at the Pinerolo Cavalry Application School.[10]

Career

Agnelli with his first wife at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome

Agnelli was chairman of Fiat France from 1965 to 1980, chief executive officer of Fiat from 1970 to 1976 and its vice president from 1976 to 1993. He was chairman of Fiat Auto from 1980 to 1990,[11] and was a member of the International Advisory Board from 1993 to 2004. He was also chairman of Juventus between 1956 and 1961 and was honorary chairman from 1970 to 2004.[1] He led the club to become the most successful in Italian football.[12]

Engaged for a long time in the Fiat restructuring process, with the simultaneous opening towards foreign capital and markets, Agnelli and his family were listed 278th in the 2003 Forbes ranking of the richest people in the world, with an estimated net worth of around US$1.5 billion. Although he was a senior executive at Fiat, Agnelli was sidelined from taking a leadership role by his older brother,[13] whom he had supported for a long time in the management of the family company even if often forced to remain on the bench for financial power games, until the latter's death in 2003.[14][15][16]

From 2003 to 2004, Agnelli took over as chairman of the Fiat Group. Compared to the past, he decided to change his strategy by concentrating all Fiat resources on the car and turning to an external manager, Giuseppe Morchio, to whom he would entrust the leadership of the company.[17] The Agnelli family's management was described as progressive and paternalistic.[18]

Starting in the 1980s and accelerating into the 1990s, when the company was struggling,[19] Agnelli was the architect of Fiat's diversification.[20] The Fiat Group controlled several Italian newspapers and publishers in addition to the Fiat car firms and Juventus. Agnelli was in the process of restoring Fiat's fortunes, following a period in which the company's balance sheet, market share, and share value had all been in decline in the company's worst financial crisis,[21] when he suddenly died of lung cancer after 18 months in control.[22][23][24] Despite this, Forbes estimated that he was the world's 68th richest man with an approximate net worth of US$5.5 billion. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.[25]

Juventus F.C.

Elected in 1955 by a council of members, including his older brother, who was president of the club, he became the youngest person to assume the highest managerial position in the history of Juventus. His management was characterized by the signings of important players, such as John Charles and Omar Sívori, who proved to be decisive for the conquest of three Serie A championships and two consecutive Italy Cups from 1958 to 1961.[26][27] Before he died, Agnelli was instrumental in signing Fabio Capello as Juventus coach in 2004.[28] He also had transformed the club into a modern publicly-listed company with important investment projects.[29] After leaving the presidential role in 1962, Agnelli remained tied to Juventus. In 1994, he took over the management activities previously carried out by his brother, exerting greater influence on the club as honorary president during the following decade, a period in which the club won another five Serie A titles, one more Italy Cup, four Italian Super Cups, one Intercontinental Cup, one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Intertoto Cup, and one UEFA Super Cup, for a total of 19 trophies in 18 years. By virtue of the sporting successes achieved during his managerial sporting career, Agnelli was jointly inducted by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) and the Coverciano Football Museum Foundation into the Italian Football Hall of Fame in 2015.[30]

In 1999, Juventus improved their own record of having won all five major UEFA competitions by winning the Intertoto Cup, the next year was voted the seventh best of the FIFA Club of the Century and in 2009 was placed by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics second in the European best club of the 20th-century ranking, the highest for an Italian club in both; by the early 2000s, the club had the third best revenue in Europe at over €200 million. This all changed when, three years after his death, Calciopoli controversially hit the club,[31][32][33] which was demoted to Serie B for the first time in its history despite the club being acquitted and the leagues were ruled to be regular;[34][35] it was his son, Andrea Agnelli, who built the club back up in the 2010s.[36] When Agnelli died in 2004, Juventus had won the 2001–02 Serie A, the club's 26th scudetto, at the last matchday,[37][38][39] and had reached the 2003 UEFA Champions League final, the club's four UEFA Champions League final in seven years, three of which were achieved consecutively; those in 1997, against Borussia Dortmund,[40][41] and in 1998, against Real Madrid,[42] were lost out controversially.[43] In the words of Fulvio Bianchi, early 2000s Juventus were "stronger than all those that came after, and had €250 million in revenue, being at the top of Europe, and 100 sponsors. It took ten years to recover and return to the top Italians, not yet Europeans: now the club makes over €300 million, but in the meantime Real, Bayern, and the others have taken off."[44]

Some observers allege that Calciopoli and its aftermath were a dispute within Juventus and between the club's owners that came after the deaths of Umberto and Gianni Agnelli,[45] including Franzo Grande Stevens and Gianluigi Gabetti who favoured Agnelli's grandson, John Elkann, over his nephew as chairman,[46] and wanted to get rid of Luciano Moggi, Antonio Giraudo,[47][48] and Roberto Bettega, whose shares in the club increased.[49] Whatever their intentions, it is argued they condemned Juventus: first when Carlo Zaccone, the club's lawyer,[50] agreed for relegation to Serie B and point-deduction, when he made that statement because Juventus were the only club risking more than one-division relegation (Serie C), and he meant for Juventus (the sole club to be ultimately demoted) to have equal treatment with the other clubs;[51] and then when Luca Cordero di Montezemolo retired the club's appeal to the Regional Administrative Court of Lazio,[52] which could have cleared the club's name and avoid relegation, after FIFA threatened to suspend the FIGC from international play,[53] a renounce for which then-FIFA president Sepp Blatter was thankful.[54][55]

Several observers, including former FIGC president Franco Carraro, argue that had Agnelli been alive, things would have done different, as the club and its directors would have been defended properly, which could have avoided relegation and cleared the club's name much earlier than the Calciopoli trials of the 2010s. It is argued that Agnelli would have taken the same tougher stance of his son.[36] Moggi, one of the two Juventus directors involved in the scandal,[56][57] said that Calciopoli only happened because "l'Avvocato Agnelli and il Dottor Umberto died",[58] and had the two Agnellis not died, "nothing [of this farce] would have happened."[59][60] According to observers, Juventus was weak after the deaths of the Agnelli, with Moggi saying this "made us orphans and weak, it was easy to attack Juve and destroy them by making things up."[61][62] According to critics, Juventus bothered because they won too much under Agnelli. Then-CONI president Gianni Petrucci said "a team that wins too much is harmful to their sport."[63]

Politics

Agnelli (right) with his older brother, Gianni Agnelli, in 1965

Politically, the Agnelli family sought to create a non-ideological, centrist political formation of Atlanticist and pro-European persuasion that sought a modernising, internationalist capitalism in contrast to the left and opposed to the populist, nationalist, or fascist right.[64] In the 1970s, Agnelli was elected a member of the Senate of the Republic for Christian Democracy (DC). This came after the DC won over a struggle in which Gianni Agnelli would be present in the Italian Republican Party list for the 1976 Italian general election, a move that could have cost them about one million votes. In turn, the DC obtained the candidacy of Agnelli as a senator, a position he held until 1979. He took his role seriously, and he held a conference of DC senators in Rome to discuss the renewal of the party; in response, he was admonished.[65]

Personal life and death

Agnelli's life was beset by an unusual amount of tragedy and bereavement.[66] His father, Edoardo Agnelli, perished in an air crash when he was one year old; his mother, Virginia Bourbon del Monte, died in a car accident in 1945 when he was 11 years old.[1][2][67] His nephew, Edoardo Agnelli, committed suicide in 2000.[68]

In 1959, Agnelli married a cousin of his sister-in-law Marella Agnelli, the heiress Donna Antonella Bechi Piaggio, from the well-known business family of Piaggio that created Vespa, who later married a distant maternal relative of Allegra Caracciolo, Uberto Visconti di Modrone. Agnelli and Bechi Piaggio had three sons but their first, twin boys, died shortly after birth. The third son was Giovanni Alberto Agnelli,[69] who grew up to be the head of the maternal family-firm Piaggio, and was being groomed to succeed at Fiat but died of cancer at the age of 33 in 1997.[70][71][72] After he divorced from his wife, Agnelli married Donna Allegra Caracciolo di Castagneto in 1974.[1] She is the first cousin of Agnelli's sister-in-law Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto, also the wife of Agnelli's brother. The ladies come from a noble family dating back to the Kingdom of Naples that has, among others, the titles of nobility of Prince of Castagneto and Duke of Melito. From his second marriage came two children, who were named Andrea (born 1975) and Anna (born 1977).[73] His son, Andrea Agnelli, later followed in his footsteps by becoming chairman of Juventus in 2010.[74][75]

Suffering from lung cancer, which became public only a month before his death after a Financial Times report,[76] Agnelli spent his last days assisted by his wife and two children at their residence in La Mandria,[77] which included La Mandria Regional Park, in the Venaria Reale area, where he died on 27 May 2004,[78] fifteen days before the death of his nephew, Prince Egon von Fürstenberg. His last public appearance had taken place on 26 April, when his wife was awarded an honorary degree in veterinary medicine by the University of Turin.[79] Agnelli's worsening health conditions prevented him from attending the Fiat shareholders' meeting on 11 May.[80][81]

Honours

References

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  2. ^ a b Popham, Peter (29 May 2004). "Agnelli family's grip on the Fiat steering wheel loosens with the death of Umberto". The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 April 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
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  31. ^ Cambiaghi, Emilio; Dent, Arthur (15 April 2010). Il processo illecito (PDF) (1st ed.). Stampa Indipendente. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 24 January 2023 – via Ju29ro. The Juventus defence, among other things, objects that a sum of several Articles 1 (unfair and dishonest sporting conduct) cannot lead to an indictment for Article 6 (sporting offence), using for example the metaphor that so many defamations do not carry a murder conviction: an unimpeachable objection. ... Hence the grotesque concept of 'standings altered without any match-fixing'. The 'Calciopoli' rulings state that there is no match-fixing. That the league under investigation, 2004–2005, is to be considered regular. But that the Juventus management has achieved effective standings advantages for Juventus FC even without altering the individual matches. In practice, Juventus was convicted of murder, with no one dead, no evidence, no accomplices, no murder weapon. Only for the presence of a hypothetical motive.
  32. ^ Garganese, Carlo (17 June 2011). "Revealed: The Calciopoli evidence that shows Luciano Moggi is the victim of a witch-hunt". Goal.com. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  33. ^ Ingram, Sam (20 December 2021). "Calciopoli Scandal: Referee Designators As Desired Pawns". ZicoBall. Retrieved 24 January 2023. FIGC's actions in relegating Juventus and handing the title to Inter Milan were somewhat peculiar. Of course, Moggi and Juventus deserved punishment; that is not up for dispute. However, the severity of the ruling and the new location for the Scudetto was unprecedented and arguably should never have happened. The final ruling in the Calciopoli years later judged that Juventus had never breached Article 6. As a result, the Serie A champions should never have encountered a shock 1–1 draw away to Rimini in the season's curtain-raiser. Nor should they have trounced Piacenza 4–0 in Turin or handed a 5–1 thrashing away to Arezzo in Tuscany. The findings stated that some club officials had violated Article 6, but none had originated from Juventus. FIGC created a structured article violation with their decision-making. This means that instead of finding an Article 6 breach, several Article 1 violations were pieced together to create evidence damning to warrant relegation from Italy's top flight. Article 1 violations in Italian football usually command fines, bans, or points deductions, but certainly not relegation.
  34. ^ Beha, Oliviero (7 February 2012). "Il 'caso Moggi' e le colpe della stampa: non fa inchieste, (di)pende dai verbali, non sa leggere le sentenze". Tiscali (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2023. ... the motivations in 558 pages are summarized as follows. 1) Leagues not altered (therefore leagues unjustly taken away from Juve...), matches not fixed, referees not corrupted, investigations conducted incorrectly by the investigators of the Public Prosecutor's Office (interceptions of the Carabinieri which were even manipulated in the confrontation in the Chamber). 2) The SIM cards, the foreign telephone cards that Moggi has distributed to some referees and designators, would be proof of the attempt to alter and condition the system, even without the effective demonstration of the rigged result. 3) Moggi's attitude, like a real 'telephone' boss, is invasive even when he tries to influence the [Italian Football Federation] and the national team, see the phone calls with Carraro and Lippi. 4) That these phone calls and this 'mafia' or 'sub-mafia' promiscuity aimed at 'creating criminal associations' turned out to be common practice in the environment as is evident, does not acquit Moggi and C.: and therefore here is the sentence. ... Finally point 1), the so-called positive part of the motivations, that is, in fact everything is regular. And then the scandal of 'Scommettopoli' [the Italian football scandal of 2011] in which it's coming out that the 2010–2011 league [won by Milan] as a whole with tricks is to be considered really and decidedly irregular? The Chief Prosecutor of Cremona, Di Martino, says so for now, while sports justice takes its time as always, but I fear that many will soon repeat it, unless everything is silenced. With all due respect to those who want the truth and think that Moggi has objectively become the 'scapegoat'. Does the framework of information that does not investigate, analyse, compare, and take sides out of ignorance or bias seem slightly clearer to you?
  35. ^ Rossini, Claudio (5 March 2014). "Calciopoli e la verità di comodo". Blasting News (in Italian). Retrieved 24 January 2023. Juventus have been acquitted, the offending leagues (2004/2005 and 2005/2006) have been declared regular, and the reasons for the conviction of Luciano Moggi are vague; mostly, they condemn his position, that he was in a position to commit a crime. In short, be careful to enter a shop without surveillance because even if you don't steal, you would have had the opportunity. And go on to explain to your friends that you're honest people after the morbid and pro-sales campaign of the newspapers. ... a club has been acquitted, and no one has heard of it, and whoever has heard of it, they don't accept it. The verdict of 2006, made in a hurry, was acceptable, that of Naples was not. The problem then lies not so much in vulgar journalism as in readers who accept the truths that are convenient. Juventus was, rightly or wrongly, the best justification for the failures of others, and it was in popular sentiment, as evidenced by the new controversies concerning 'The System.' But how? Wasn't the rotten erased? The referees since 2006 make mistakes in good faith, the word of Massimo Moratti (the only 'honest'). ... it isn't a question of tifo, but of a critical spirit, of the desire to deepen and not be satisfied with the headlines (as did Oliviero Beha, a well-known Viola [Fiorentina] fan, who, however, drew conclusions outside the chorus because, despite enjoying it as a tifoso, he suffered as a journalist. He wasn't satisfied and went into depth. He was one of the few).
  36. ^ a b "Juventus: Fiat, Calciopoli e CR7, che guerra tra Andrea Agnelli e John Ellkann". Affaritaliani.it (in Italian). 12 November 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  37. ^ Quadarella, Francesco (28 December 2018). "Ei fu, siccome immobile, dato il gol della Lazio". Catenaccio e Contropiede (in Italian). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  38. ^ Mocciaro, Gaetano (5 May 2019). "5 maggio 2002, l'Inter perde lo scudetto all'ultima curva. Juve campione". TuttoMercatoWeb (in Italian). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  39. ^ Morrone, Daniel V. (5 May 2020). "Il cinque maggio". L'Ultimo Uomo (in Italian). Sky Sport Italia. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  40. ^ Censoni, Mattia (27 May 2020). "Uno schiaffo in faccia a tutti gli antijuventini! Altro che favoriti: l'elenco dei 10 'furti' storici subiti dai bianconeri". Tribuna.com. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  41. ^ Barillà, Carmelo (27 May 2020). "Borussia Dortmund-Juventus, finale maledetta: i bianconeri soccombono tra legni, gol annullati e rigori negati". CalcioWeb. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
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  44. ^ Vignati, Alessandro (17 July 2016). "Fulvio Bianchi: 'La Juve e la Figc e quello Scudetto del 2006...'". TuttoMercatoWeb (in Italian). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  45. ^ Cambiaghi, Emilio; Dent, Arthur (15 April 2010). Il processo illecito (PDF) (1st ed.). Stampa Indipendente. pp. 48–49. Retrieved 26 February 2023 – via Ju29ro. [p. 48] Corrado De Biase, the head of the investigations office at the time of the [1980s] betting scandal from 1980, ... about Juventus and the work of Zaccone, its lawyer: 'I can't know why the Juventus owners has moved in a certain way, but I would say, 99%, that the affair was skilfully managed by the leaders of the Turin club, starting with the request from Zaccone, who left everyone stunned. Zaccone isn't incompetent, as many believe, but he was only an actor in this story.' ... The point that makes me think that Zaccone acted on input from the owners is another, namely the way in which the top management of Juventus moved, with that fake appeal to the TAR. How, I wonder, you dismiss the directors, practically pleading guilty, then you watch inert and impassive a media and judicial destruction against your club and then you're threatening to resort to the TAR? It's the concept of closing the barn when the oxen have fled, if you think about it. ... [p. 50] I, on my own, can only reiterate the concept already expressed: a penalty of 8/10 points, a fine, and a ban of Moggi and Giraudo for 10/12 months, this was the appropriate penalty in my opinion. Any parallel with the story of 1980 is unthinkable: here there're no traces of offence, nor of money or checks. The environmental offence isn't a crime covered by any code, unless we're talking about air pollution.'
  46. ^ "Gianluigi Gabetti, financial advisor to the Agnelli family, dies at 94". La Stampa. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Processo a Calciopoli, il verdetto non assolve". La Repubblica (in Italian). 31 October 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  48. ^ "Elkann, Zaccone, Montezemolo: spiegate". Ju29ro (in Italian). 7 April 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  49. ^ Coccia, Pasquale (18 January 2020). "Il contado tifa per la zebra". Il manifesto (in Italian). Retrieved 26 February 2023. De Luna: We consulted the company financial statements, and noted the escalation of the emoluments that Moggi, Giraudo, and Bettega received. We don't have certain elements to be able to say that at that moment there was an attempt to take over Juventus, but those figures are impressive. Furthermore, there are some anomalies of the Agnellis which leave the door open to this type of hypothesis. The Calciopoli investigation was born out of a Turin investigation by the prosecutor Guariniello on the Juventus doping case, [in which] the interceptions of Moggi's conversations with the referees emerge. Guariniello sends the files to the boss Maddalena, notes that there are no crimes from a criminal point of view, but perhaps from a sporting point of view. Maddalena keeps the files for three months, then sends them to the [Italian] Football Federation. This period lasts a little over a year. Do you really [want to believe] that Juve didn't know what was going on? I have the impression that the Agnelli family took advantage of this opportunity to stop an attempt to take over the Moggi-Giraudo-Bettega company.
  50. ^ "L'avvocato Zaccone: 'Tifo Toro, ma ho difeso la Juve in Calciopoli. Mi hanno pagato bene...'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 19 September 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2023 – via TuttoMercatoWeb.com.
  51. ^ "Calciopoli, anche il legale bianconero è possibilista: 'Se ci sono novità e la Juve me lo chiede, riapriamo il processo'". Goal.com. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  52. ^ Cambiaghi, Emilio; Dent, Arthur (15 April 2010). Il processo illecito (PDF) (1st ed.). Stampa Indipendente. pp. 48–49. Retrieved 26 February 2023 – via Ju29ro. '... [p. 48] First you let yourself be massacred without lifting a finger, you have the title disassigned, you have the calendars drawn up for the European championships and cups, and then you threaten to go to the TAR, trumpeting everything in the newspapers? It looks much like a political move to appease the wrath of the fans, I think. If Zaccone, who is a man of value and experience, would have had the mandate to avoid the disaster he would have moved in a different way, in the sense that he would have pointed out these 'anomalies' in the time between the trial and the announcement of the verdicts. That, in fact, was the right moment to threaten to appeal to the TAR, when the sentences had not yet been written, but had to be done in camera caritatis, asking for a meeting with [p. 49] Ruperto, Sandulli, and Palazzi, and not in front of the journalists of La Gazzetta dello Sport. ... Please note that I'm not discussing the high strategy of the forensic art, but the basic principles, the ABC of the profession, the things that are taught to the boys who come to the studio to do a traineeship: if you, the defence attorney, think you have weapons to play, you ask for a meeting with the judge and the public prosecution, in the period between the trial and the verdict, and point out that, if the response is judged too severe, you will use them. And here there were weapons in industrial quantities. Then, in the face of a fait accompli, who takes the responsibility of stopping a machine that grinds billions of euros, so as to be the sixth industry in the country?'
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