Umberto Elia Terracini (27 July 1895 – 6 December 1983) was an Italian politician.
Biography
Early years
A young Terracini
Terracini was born in Genoa on 27 July 1895 to a Jewish family originally from Piedmont.[2][3] After completing his elementary education, Umberto attended a Jewish school, whose programs corresponded to the ministerial ones, except for the addition of the study of the language and the history of Israel; he did not derive any religious interest from his family or school, even though he regularly attended the synagogue. In those years, he began to attend the Civic Library, reading popular novels of authors like Victor Hugo, Edmondo De Amicis, Émile Zola and Eugène Sue.[citation needed]
Before the beginning of World War I, he approached the Italian Socialist Party and in 1913 he was enrolled in the Faculty of Law of the University of Turin.[4] Terracini immediately expressed his opposition to Italy's entry into the war. After a pacifist rally he held on 15 September 1916 he was arrested and sentenced to a month in prison. After release he was drafted and sent to the front in 1917 near Montebelluna.[5]
After the war, Terracini resumed his studies graduating in 1919 and began his career as a lawyer.[6] He also befriended Antonio Gramsci and Palmiro Togliatti, whom he worked as an aide for; the three of them would found L'Ordine Nuovo in 1919.[4] In 1921 Terracini, under Gramsci and Togliatti, contributed to the foundation of the Communist Party of Italy.[2][7] In September 1926, Terracini was arrested as an opponent of the fascist regime and sentenced to 22 years of prison: he spent 11 years in jail and subsequently was held in confinement in Ponza and on Santo Stefano Island.[7][8] He was freed by the partisans in 1943. In those years he expressed his opposition to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
Terracini was favourable to the alliance with the socialists in the Popular Democratic Front, and after the shooting on Togliatti in July 1948, he presented a no-confidence motion to the government led by the Christian Democracy, which he believes has the moral and political responsibility on the attack to the Communist leader.[citation needed]
