You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((short description|1302 papal bull issued by Boniface VIII))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2020))
((italic title))
'''''((lang|la|Unam sanctam))'''''((efn|The bull is known by its [[incipit]]:
'''''Unam sanctam''' ecclesiam catholicam et ipsam apostolicam urgente fide credere cogimur et tenere, nosque hanc firmiter credimus et simpliciter confitemur, [...]".|name=|group=)) is a [[papal bull]] that was issued by [[Pope Boniface VIII]] on 18 November 1302. It laid down [[Dogma in the Catholic Church|dogmatic propositions on the unity of the Catholic Church]], the necessity of belonging to it for eternal salvation, the position of the Pope as supreme head of the Church and the duty thence arising of submission to the Pope in order to belong to the Church and thus to attain salvation. The Pope further emphasized the higher position of the spiritual in comparison with the secular order. The historian [[Brian Tierney (medievalist)|Brian Tierney]] calls it "probably the most famous" document on [[church and state in medieval Europe]].<ref name="Tierney1988">((cite book|last=Tierney|first=Brian|author-link=Brian Tierney (medievalist)|year=1988|orig-year=1964|title=The crisis of church and state, 1050–1300: with selected documents|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] in association with the [[Medieval Academy of America]]|location=Toronto [u.a.]|edition=Reprint|series=Medieval Academy reprints for teaching|volume=23|isbn=9780802067012|pages=182|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMn09ogqkhwC&pg=PA182))</ref> The original document is lost, but a version of the text can be found in the registers of Boniface VIII in the [[Vatican Archives]].<ref name="CathEnc">((Catholic|inline=1|last=Kirsch|first=Johann Peter|wstitle=Unam Sanctam|volume=15))</ref> The bull was the definitive statement of the late medieval theory of [[hierocracy (medieval)|hierocracy]], which argued for the [[Temporal power of the Holy See|temporal]] as well as spiritual supremacy of the pope.<ref>((cite book|last=Sisson|first=Keith|year=2016|chapter=Popes over Princes: Hierocratic Theory|editor-last=Sisson|editor-first=Keith|editor-last2=Larson|editor-first2=Atria A.|title=A Companion to the Medieval Papacy: Growth of an Ideology and Institution|place=Leiden|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004299856|page=131))</ref>
[[File:Ritratto di Papa Bonifacio VIII per Dell'Altissimo, Uffizi.jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right | Boniface VIII, [[Bishop of Rome]]]]

((Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church|expanded = documents))

==Background==
((more citations needed|section|date=November 2019))<!--three paragraphs without citations-->
The bull was promulgated during an ongoing dispute between [[Boniface VIII]] and King [[Philip IV of France]] (Philip the Fair).<ref name="Kirsch">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15126a.htm Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Unam Sanctam." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 5 March 2016</ref> Philip had levied taxes on the French clergy of half their annual income. On 5 February 1296, Boniface responded with the papal bull ''[[Clericis laicos]]'' that forbade clerics, without authority from the Holy See, to pay taxes to temporal rulers, and threatened excommunication on rulers who demanded such payments.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/b8-clericos.asp|title=Internet History Sourcebooks Project|website=sourcebooks.fordham.edu|access-date=2019-11-20))</ref>

[[Edward I of England|King Edward I of England]] defended his own taxing powers by putting defiant clergy under [[outlawry]], a Roman law concept withdrawing their protection under the [[English common law]],<ref>Powicke, F. M. (1947). ''King Henry III and the Lord Edward: The Community of the Realm in the Thirteenth Century''. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. 403</ref> and confiscated the temporal properties of bishops who refused his levies. As Edward was demanding an amount well above the tenth offered by the clergy, Archbishop of Canterbury [[Robert Winchelsey]] left it to every individual clergyman to pay as he saw fit.<ref>Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I (Yale ed.). New Haven, US: Yale University Press. p. 417, ((ISBN|0-300-07209-0))</ref>

In August 1296 King Philip imposed an embargo forbidding export of horses, arms, gold, and silver, effectively keeping the French clergy from sending taxes to Rome and blocking a main source of papal revenue. Philip also banished from France papal agents raising funds for a new [[Crusades|crusade]].

In September 1296 the pope sent a protest to Philip headed ''((lang|la|Ineffabilis Amor))'' that declared that he would rather suffer death than surrender any of the rightful prerogatives of the Church. While threatening a papal alliance with England and Germany, the pope soothingly explained that his claims were not intended against the customary feudal dues, and that reasonable taxation of Church revenue would be permitted. To assist their king against the Anglo-Flemish alliance, the French bishops asked permission to make contributions for the defense of the kingdom. In February 1297, Boniface issued ''Romana mater ecclesia'', declaring that when the clergy consented to make payments and delay could cause grave danger, papal permission could be dispensed,<ref name="Denton">[https://books.google.com/books?id=w_eaE-Gt_00C&dq=clericis+laicos&pg=PA89 Denton, Jeffrey H., ''Robert Winchelsey and the Crown 1294-1313: A Study in the Defence of Ecclesiastical Liberty'', Cambridge University Press, 2002] ((ISBN|9780521893978))</ref> and ratified the French payments in the encyclical ''Corum illo fatemur''. While insisting that Church consent was required for subsidies to the state, he recognised that the clergy in each country must evaluate such claims.<ref name="Denton" /> In July 1297, Boniface, further beset by an uprising in Rome by the Colonna family,<ref name="Cavendish">((Cite web|title=Boniface VIII's Bull Unam Sanctam ((!)) History Today|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/boniface-viii%E2%80%99s-bull-unam-sanctam|access-date=2019-11-20|website=www.historytoday.com))</ref> again moderated his assertions in ''Clericis laicos.'' The bull ''[[Etsi de statu]]'' allowed lay authorities to declare emergencies to tax clerical property.<ref name="Canning">((cite book|last=Canning|first=Joseph|title=A History of Medieval Political Thought, 300-1450|publisher=Routledge|location=London|year=1996|page=138|isbn=0-415-01349-6))</ref> 

The [[Jubilee (Christian)|Jubilee]] year of 1300 filled Rome with fervent masses of pilgrims who supplied the lack of French gold in the treasury. The following year, Philip's ministers overstepped their bounds. In the [[Albigensian Crusade]], the suppression of the [[Cathars|Cathar]] heresy had brought much of [[Languedoc]] under French royal control, but in the farthest south, heretics still survived, and [[Bernard Saisset]], [[Bishop of Pamiers]] in [[Foix]], was recalcitrant and insolent with king. Philip's ministry decided to make an example of the bishop, who was brought before the royal court on 24 October 1301. The chancellor, Pierre Flotte, charged him with high treason, and put the bishop in the keeping of his metropolitan, the [[archbishop of Narbonne]]. Before Saisset [[Benefit of clergy|could be tried]], the royal ministry needed the Pope to strip the bishop of his office and protections, a "canonical degradation". Instead, in December 1301 Boniface ordered the bishop to Rome to justify himself before his pope rather than his king. In the bull ''((lang|la|[[Ausculta Fili]]))'' ("Give ear, my son"), he scolded Phillip: "Let no one persuade you that you have no superior or that you are not subject to the head of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, for he is a fool who so thinks." At the same time, Boniface sent out the general bull ''((lang|la|Salvator mundi))'' strongly reiterating ''((lang|la|Clericis laicos))''.

With his customary tactlessness, Boniface then summoned the French bishops to Rome to reform their national Church matters. Philip forbade Saisset or any bishop to attend, and organized a counterassembly of his own in Paris in April 1302. Nobles, burgesses and clergy met to denounce the Pope and pass around a crude forgery, ''Deum Time'' ("Fear God"), in which Boniface supposedly claimed feudal suzerainty over France, an "unheard-of assertion". Boniface denied the document and its claims, but reminded Phillip that previous popes had deposed three French kings.

This was the atmosphere in which ''Unam sanctam'' was promulgated weeks later. Reading of the "two swords" (the spiritual and temporal powers), one of Philip's ministers is alleged to have remarked, "My master's sword is steel; the Pope's is made of words". As Matthew Edward Harris writes, "The overall impression gained is that the papacy was described in increasingly exalted terms as the thirteenth century progressed, although this development was neither disjunctive nor uniform, and was often in response to conflict, such as against Frederick II and Philip the Fair".<ref>((cite book|last=Harris|first=Matthew|title=The notion of papal monarchy in the thirteenth century: the idea of paradigm in church history|year=2010|publisher=Edwin Mellen Press|location=Lewiston, N.Y.|isbn=978-0-7734-1441-9|page=85))</ref>

==Content==
Most significantly, the bull proclaimed the doctrine ''[[extra ecclesiam nulla salus]]'' ("outside of the Church, there is no salvation)". The phrase is first found in [[Cyprian of Carthage]] (d. 258) discussing the validity of baptisms by heretical clergy. [[Gregory of Nazianzus]] also held that view but, with his father as an example, recognized men whose devout conduct anticipates their faith: by the charity of their life they were united to Christ, even before explicitly professing Christianity.<ref>Jurgens, William A., ''The Faith of the Early Fathers'', vol. 2, Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1979, p. 29</ref> Subsequent commentators such as [[Augustine of Hippo]], [[Jerome]], and [[Bede]] cited the doctrine in an ecclesiastical context.

Boniface interpreted it as a form of the concept of ''[[plenitudo potestatis]]'' (plenitude of power), that those who resist the Roman Pontiff resist God's ordination.<ref name="Collins2000">((cite book|last=Collins|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Collins (Australian religious writer)|year=2000|title=Upon this rock: the popes and their changing role |publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Carlton, Vic|isbn=9780522848496|pages=150–154|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6foPAQAAIAAJ))</ref> In the 13th century, the canonists used the term ''plenitudo potestatis'' to characterize the power of the Pope within the church or, more rarely, his prerogative in the secular sphere.<ref>Pennington, K. (1976). The Canonists and Pluralism in the Thirteenth Century. Speculum, 35–48.</ref> The bull declares that the Church must be united and the Pope was its sole and absolute head: "Therefore, of the one and only Church there is one body and one head, not two heads like a monster".<ref name="UnamSanctam1302">((cite web|author=Pope Boniface VIII|editor-last=Halsall|editor-first=Paul|date=23 November 1996|orig-year=Jan 1996|title=The bull ''Unam Sanctam'', 1302|website=fordham.edu|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/b8-unam.html|access-date=2016-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623113118/http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/source/B8-unam.asp|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all)) Transcribed from ((cite thesis|last=Curley|first=Mary Mildred|date=1927|title=The conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV, the Fair|degree=PhD|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Catholic University of America|oclc=557785827|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_lnAAAAMAAJ))</ref>

The bull also stated, "We are informed by the texts of the gospels that in this Church and in its power are two swords; namely, the spiritual and the [[temporal power (papal)|temporal]]."<ref name=UnamSanctam1302/> The metaphor refers to the swords yielded by the [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]] upon Christ's arrest (Luke 22:38; Matthew 26:52).<ref name=CathEnc/> Early theologians believed that if there are two swords, one must be subordinate to the other, rungs in a spiritual hierarchical ladder: the spiritual judges the secular "on account of its greatness and sublimity",<ref name=CathEnc/> and the higher spiritual power judges the lower spiritual power etc.<ref name=Collins2000/> Thus, the bull concluded, the [[state (polity)|temporal]] authorities must submit to the [[spirituality|spiritual]] authorities, not merely on matters concerning doctrine and morality: "For with truth as our witness, it belongs to spiritual power to establish the terrestrial power and to pass judgment if it has not been good". The bull ended, "Furthermore, we declare, we proclaim, we define that it is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff"
<ref name=UnamSanctam1302/>

The bull reiterated the declarations of popes since [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]],<ref name="Duffy2002">((cite book|last=Duffy|first=Eamon|author-link=Eamon Duffy|year=2002|orig-year=1997|chapter=Set above nations|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTWM6PjNvBMC&pg=PA158|title=Saints and sinners: a history of the popes|location=New Haven, CT|publisher=Yale University Press|edition=2nd|isbn=9780300091656|pages=[https://archive.org/details/saintssinnershis00duff_0/page/158 158–166]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/saintssinnershis00duff_0/page/158))</ref> as well as the writings of [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], [[Hugh of Saint Victor]] and [[Thomas Aquinas]].<ref name=CathEnc/> The bull also contained passages from the letters of [[Pope Innocent III]], who mainly reasserted the spiritual power and the "[[plenitudo potestatis]]" of the papacy.<ref name=Duffy2002/> A voice heavily noticed in the bull is [[Giles of Rome]], who some hold might have been its actual writer.<ref name="Dyson2004">((cite book|author=Giles of Rome|author-link=Giles of Rome|year=2004|orig-year=1986|title=Giles of Rome's on ecclesiastical power: a medieval theory of world government|translator-last=Dyson|translator-first=Robert W.|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|series=Records of Western civilization|page= xx|isbn=9780231128032|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MXEW_WXAFkC))</ref> Giles, in ''On Ecclesiastical Power'', voiced the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff over the material world. He argued that since the body is governed by the soul, and the soul is governed by the spiritual ruler, the Roman Pontiff is the governor of both soul and body.

According to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', on the margin of the text of the record, the last sentence is noted as its real definition: ''Declaratio quod subesse Romano Pontifici est omni humanae creaturae de necessitate salutis'' ("A declaration that it is necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff");<ref name=CathEnc/> thus this phrase, like some in canonical scripture, may have moved from an original position as a [[Gloss (annotation)|marginal gloss]] to an integral part of the text as it has been accepted. Some believe that this is the only intended dogmatic definition in the bull because the rest is based on differing "papal claims of the thirteenth century".<ref name=Collins2000/> Eamon Duffy finds most of the claims in the encyclical to be similar to those made by every pope since Gregory VII. However, what made his claim "notorious" was that Boniface "insisted that the Pope wielded both the spiritual and secular sword, [...] the culminating blow in a propaganda war against the French crown."<ref>((Cite book|last=Eamon Duffy|url=https://archive.org/details/saintssinnershis00duff_0|title=Saints & sinners|date=1997|publisher=Yale University Press, in association with S4C|others=Internet Archive|pages=162|isbn=9780300091656 ))</ref>

==Aftermath==
Boniface's reputation for overweening papal claims made it difficult to accept such an extreme declaration. His assertion over the temporal was seen as hollow and misguided, and it is said that the document was not seen as authoritative because the body of the faithful did not accept it.<ref name=Collins2000/><ref name=Duffy2002/>

Philip had the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[John of Paris]] issue a refutation. Boniface reacted by [[excommunication|excommunicating]] Philip, who then called an assembly which made 29 accusations against the pope, including infidelity, heresy, simony, gross and unnatural immorality, idolatry, magic, loss of the Holy Land and the death of [[Pope Celestine V]]. Five archbishops and 21 bishops sided with the king.

Boniface could respond only by denouncing the charges, but it was already too late for him. On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor, [[Guillaume de Nogaret]], led a band of 2000 mercenaries on horse and foot who joined locals in an attack on the palaces of the Pope and his nephew at the papal residence at [[Anagni]], which was later referred to as the [[Anagni#Outrage of Anagni|Outrage of Anagni]]. The Pope's attendants and his beloved nephew Francesco all soon fled; only the Spaniard [[Pedro Rodríguez (cardinal)|Pedro Rodríguez]], Cardinal of [[Santa Sabina]], remained at his side to the end.

The palace was plundered, and Boniface escaped murder only upon Nogaret's explicit order. Boniface was subjected to harassment and held prisoner for three days without food or drink. Eventually, the townsfolk expelled the marauders. According to a late and unverified tradition, the locals were rallied and led by Cardinal [[Luca Fieschi]].<ref>((DBI |first=Thérèse |last=Boespflug |title=Fieschi, Luca |volume=47 |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/luca-fieschi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/))</ref> Boniface pardoned those who were captured and was escorted back to Rome on 13 September 1303.<ref>((cite book|last=Gregorovius|first=Ferdinand|author-link=Ferdinand Gregorovius|translator-last=Hamilton|translator-first=Annie|year=1906|title=History of Rome in the Middle Ages|volume=v. 5 pt. 2|edition=2nd ed. rev. from the 4th German|location=London|publisher=George Bell|oclc=607930890|pages=527–597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7Q4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA527))</ref>

Boniface was shaken by the incident. He developed a violent fever and died on 11 October 1303. In ''A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century'', [[Barbara W. Tuchman]] stated that his close advisors would later maintain that he had died of a "profound chagrin".

Boniface's successor, [[Pope Benedict XI]], reigned for only nine months. He removed himself and the Roman Curia from the violence of Rome as soon as the Easter celebrations of 1304 were completed. However, on 7 June 1304, from Perugia, he excommunicated Guillaume de Nogaret, Reynald de Supino, his son Robert, Thomas de Morolo, Peter of Gennazano, his son Stephen, Adenulph and Nicolas, the sons of a certain Matteo, Geoffrey Bussy, Orlando and Pietro de Luparia of Anagni, Sciarra Colonna, John the son of Landolph, Gottifredus the son of John de Ceccano, Maximus de Trebes, and other leaders of the factions who had attacked Boniface.<ref name="Tosti1911">((cite book|last=Tosti|first=Louis|year=1911|translator-last=Donnelly|translator-first=Eugene J.|title=History of Pope Boniface VIII and his times, with notes and documentary evidence, in six books|location=New York|publisher=Christian press association|oclc=276295328|ol=7192488M|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofpopebon00tostiala/page/403 403]–404, 544–545|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofpopebon00tostiala))</ref><ref>((cite book|last=Rinaldi|first=Odorico|author-link=Odorico Rinaldi|year=1871|chapter=MCCCIV|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/annalesecclesias23barouoft#page/352/mode/1up|editor-last=Theiner|editor-first=Augustin|editor-link=Augustin Theiner|title=[[Annales Ecclesiastici]]|language=la|volume=23|location=Barri-Ducis|publisher=Guerin|ol=23277533M|oclc=697606081|at=p. 352, n. 13))</ref> He died on 7 July 1304. The conclave to pick his successor<ref>((cite web|last=Adams|first=John P.|year=2010|title=Sede Vacante 1304.–1305|website=csun.edu|location=Northridge, CA|publisher=California State University, Northridge|publication-date=2016-01-07|url=http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1304.html|access-date=2016-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211025821/http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1304.html|archive-date=11 February 2016|url-status=live))</ref> was in deadlock for eleven months before deciding, under the intimidation of King [[Charles II of Naples]], on Archbishop Bertrand de Got of Bordeaux, who took the name [[Pope Clement V]].<ref>Tosti, pp. 405–411.</ref> To please Philip IV of France, Clement [[Avignon Papacy|moved his residence to Avignon]]. From then until around 1378, the Church fell under the domination of the French monarchy. Philip was said to have held a vendetta against the [[Holy See]] until his death.<ref name=Duffy2002/>

It was not only the French monarchy and clergy who disapproved of Boniface and his assertions. Writers throughout Europe attacked the bull and Boniface's bold claims for the power of the papacy over the temporal, most notably the Florentine poet [[Dante Alighieri]], who expressed his need for another strong [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. Dante's treatise ''[[De Monarchia]]'' attempted to refute the Pope's claim that the spiritual sword had power over the temporal sword.<ref name="Kay1998">((cite book|title=Monarchia|last=Alighieri|first=Dante|publisher=[[Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies]]|year=1998|isbn=9780888441317|location=Toronto|pages=168|language=la, en|author-link=Dante Alighieri|translator-last=Kay|translator-first=Richard))</ref> Dante pointed out that the Pope and Roman Emperor were both equally human, and thus peers. The two "equal swords" were given power by God to rule over their respective domains.

==Notes==
((notelist))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((wikisource|Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages/Book IV/The Bull "Unam Sanctam"|Unam sanctam))
((Wikisourcelang|la|Unam sanctam))
* [http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Bon08/B8unam.htm Pope Boniface VIII, ''Unam Sanctam'', 18 November 1302]
* [http://telma-chartes.irht.cnrs.fr/aposcripta/notice-acte/148678 ''Unam sanctam'' dans APOSCRIPTA Database – Lettres des papes (UMR 5648), n. 1000], with bibliography.

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Unam Sanctam))
[[Category:1302 works]]
[[Category:Economic history of the Holy See]]
[[Category:14th-century papal bulls]]
[[Category:Documents of Pope Boniface VIII]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Unam sanctam (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catholic (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite thesis (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DBI (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Efn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:ISO 639 name (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Italic title (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Notelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church (edit)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikisource (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikisourcelang (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 639 name (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Italic title (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/ISO 639-1 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/ISO 639-3 (dep) (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/ISO 639 deprecated (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/ISO 639 override (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Unam sanctam.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unam_sanctam"