| Unattended Ground Sensor | |
|---|---|
 Various T-UGS sensors | |
| Type | Unattended ground sensor |
The Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) are a variety of small sensors, generally covert, dedicated to detect and identify activities on the ground such as enemy soldiers or vehicles. UGS come as systems with an integrated communication network and processing capabilities.
The unattended ground sensor were under development as part of the United States Army's Future Combat Systems Program. For information on currently fielded UGS systems, refer to the Current Force UGS Program[1] or CF UGS.
The CF UGS systems employ various sensor modalities including seismic, acoustic, magnetic, and pyroelectric transducers, daylight imagers and passive infrared imagers to automatically detect the presence of persons or vehicles, and transmit activity reports or imagery via radio-frequency (RF) or satellite communications (SATCOM) links to a remote processing, exploitation, and dissemination (PED) station. The systems are packaged for concealed emplacement in the field and for long-duration unattended operation.[2]
The Army Research Laboratory developed unattended ground-sensor technologies for detection and tracking of personnel and vehicles for perimeter defense and border-monitoring applications. In 2005, the OmniSense system was commercialized and fielded.[3][4]
The CF UGS program includes a family of sensors from various companies: Qual-Tron Inc (MIDS, EMIDS, MMIDS) E-UGS, Silent Watch, Falcon Watch, Scorpion, OmniSense and OmniSense-Enhanced. The current sources for CF UGS are Applied Research Associates (E-UGS), Harris Corporation (Silent Watch, Falcon Watch), Northrop Grumman-Xetron (Scorpion), McQ Inc (OmniSense, OmniSense-Enhanced).[1]
There are two types of unattended ground sensors that are being fielded under the United States Army's Future Combat Systems Program, the Urban UGS or U-UGS and the Tactical UGS or T-UGS. The current generation is manufactured by Textron Defense Systems a subcontractor under Boeing.
T-UGS are small ground-based sensors that collect intelligence through seismic, acoustic, radiological nuclear and electro-optic means. These sensors are networked devices that provide an early warning system to supplement a platoon size element and are capable of remote operation. To an extent T-UGS will detect, track, classify, and identify personnel and vehicles within its coverage area and report to the FCS Network in near real-time.
T-UGS comprises the following sensor systems:
For urban areas, the urban-unattended ground sensor (U-UGS) is used as a surveillance tool during building clearing operations, and in caves, sewers, tunnels, and other confined spaces. Textron Defense Systems, along with Honeywell, designed these wireless, hand emplaced system of sensors to be lightweight and low cost. The U-UGS network is capable of taking field-of-view images of intruders in all light conditions and transmits images to the FCS Network where immediate recognition of human intruders should be achieved, or, when imaging is not needed, by using the motion detector sensors only.
The proposed U-UGS sensors are made up of the following:
The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) developed Omnisense for perimeter defense and border-monitoring applications in collaboration with McQ Inc. In 2005, the OmniSense system was commercialized and fielded by the U.S. Army.[5]
The persistent surveillance sensors were deployed in quantity to warfighting areas to monitor roads, borders, and areas of interest for insurgent activities.[6] This networked UGS system connected the user to the remotely deployed sensors to receive target information and allowed the user to remotely reconfigure the sensors. These intelligent sensors detected and classified the targets, in addition to capturing a picture of the target.[7] The detected targets were tracked with either a daytime color camera or an uncooled nighttime infrared camera, so the user sees the target as it is detected.[6]
The US Army has cited OmniSense as “One of the Greatest Inventions of 2006.”[7]
Phalanx Shield is a situational awareness system developed by Innovative Algorithms,[8] a world class leader in UGS technologies. Phalanx Shield is a suite of high performing UGS integrated with the Phalanx Shield user interface, which allows operators to command and control sensors in real-time within an ecosystem that is fully compatible with ATAK. Phalanx Shield is the next level of performance in technology, advancing capabilities beyond yesterday’s Unattended Ground Sensors. Advanced processing, communication and data management capabilities opens the door to more intelligent processing and algorithms, while achieving lower power consumption. Reduced False Alarm Rates, reliable long range detection, and integration with advanced User Interfaces makes Phalanx Shield the most innovative Unattended Ground Sensor system currently on the market.
Flexnet™ is a Unattended Ground Sensor capability,[9] from the Swedish company Bertin Exensor, subsidiary of Bertin Technologies. It includes sensors with embedded processing, GPS, and radio communication. Those sensors are based on seismic-acoustic detection, passive infrared, electro-optical and magnetic detection techniques. Flexnet is used by Swedish Armed Forces,[10] Royal Netherlands Army,[11] Belgian Army[12] among other countries.