You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.174.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:35, 2 May 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.174.96.79. The blocked range is 54.174.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
'''Unbundled network elements''' ('''UNEs''') are a requirement mandated by the [[United States]] [[Telecommunications Act of 1996]]. They are the parts of the [[telecommunications network]] that the [[incumbent local exchange carrier]]s (ILECs) are required to offer on an [[Local loop unbundling|unbundled]] basis. Together, these parts make up a [[local loop]] that connects to a [[digital subscriber line access multiplexer]] (DSLAM), a voice switch or both. The loop allows non-facilities-based [[telecommunication]]s providers to deliver service without having to lay network infrastructure such as [[copper]] wire, [[optical fiber]], and [[coaxial cable]].

==UNE-Platform==
A UNE-Platform (or UNE-P) is a combination of UNEs that allow [[End-to-end principle|end-to-end]] service delivery without any facilities. Despite not involving any [[Competitive local exchange carrier|CLEC]] facilities, a UNE-P still requires facilities-based certification from the [[Public Utilities Commission]] to deliver services.

==Availability==
In [[Telecommunications Act of 1996]] sections 251(c)(3), incumbent [[local exchange carrier]]s (LECs) are required to lease certain parts of their network specified by the FCC or by state PUCs. According to section 252(d)(1), these [[network element]]s must be provided on an unbundled basis at cost-based rates.<ref name="mrsc">[http://www.mrsc.org/Subjects/telecomm/LSIProgramMaterials.pdf] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103164752/http://www.mrsc.org/Subjects/telecomm/LSIProgramMaterials.pdf |date=November 3, 2006 ))</ref>

==FCC orders==
In the UNE Remand Order issued on November 5, 1999, the FCC specified the UNE to which a competitor must be provided access: "the 'loops' that connect the switches to end users, including high-capacity loops; the switches (with some exceptions), the transport facilities between switches and other networks, and the software needed to operate the telephone network".<ref name="mrsc"/>

In the Line Sharing Orders (Line Sharing Order, 14 FCC Rcd at 20951), the LECs are required to unbundle the high-frequency portion of the loop of DSL.<ref>((cite web| url=http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Common_Carrier/Orders/2001/fcc01026.pdf | title=In the Matter of Deployment of Wireline Services Offering Advanced Telecommunications Capability And Implementation of the Local Competition Provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721085755/http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Common_Carrier/Orders/2001/fcc01026.pdf | archive-date=2009-07-21))</ref>

However, both the UNE Remand Order and the Line Sharing Orders were remanded by the [[D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals]] in ''United States Telecom Association v. FCC'' (290 F.3d 415), decided on May 24, 2002; the Line Sharing Orders were [[vacated]]. The court concluded that the FCC had not considered the availability of competitive facilities on a sufficiently granular basis.<ref name="mrsc"/> The FCC eliminated mandatory  DSL unbundling in 2003.<ref name=lw>((cite news|title=FCC Releases Order in UNE Triennial Review—New Procedures Announced for Seeking Relief from Unbundling Requirements| url = http://www.lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub794.pdf | work=[[Latham & Watkins]] Client Alert|issue=323|date=25 August 2003))</ref>

==Prices==
Based on the [[Telecommunications Act of 1996]], the FCC could require LECs to provide UNEs at a cost-based price, which may include a "reasonable profit". The FCC has determined that "cost" means forward-looking economic cost and has required the states to use a methodology called [[Total element long run incremental cost|total element long-run incremental cost]] (TELRIC).<ref name="mrsc"/>

==See also==
* [[Leased line]]
* [[Local loop unbundling]]
* [[Product bundling]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/cpd/triennial_review/ FCC, Network Unbundling.]
* [http://www.dwt.com/LearningCenter/Advisories?find=118526 FCC Releases Interim Order on Unbundled Network Elements.]
* [https://arstechnica.com/telecom/news/2009/06/fcc-cracks-down-on-gamesmanship-of-line-sharing-rules.ars FCC cracks down on "gamesmanship" of line-sharing rules]
* [https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/290/415/474562/ 290 F.3d 415]

[[Category:Local loop]]
[[Category:Telecommunications economics]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Unbundled network element (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Unbundled network element.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbundled_network_element"